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基于Petri网的结构特性分析,研究了FMS(柔性制造系统)一种预防死锁方法.提出了Petri网的一种特殊拓扑结构--基本信标的概念.在Petri网中基本信标的集合是SMS(严格极小信标)集合的一个真子集.尤其在大型Petri网系统中,基本信标的集合比SMS的集合要小得多.对于Petri网的一个子类S3PR,只对每一个基本信标添加一个库所使其不被清空,就可实现预防死锁,也就是说无须控制S3PR的所有SMS而达到无信标被清空的目的.此外,对于S3PR,还提出了一种求取SMS和基本信标的方法.相对于现在普遍采用的控制所有SMS来预防死锁的策略,其具三方面优势.1)只需控制少量的SMS即所谓的基本信标.相应地,添加少量的控制库所和连接弧,就可得到无死锁或活的Petri网.2)不需要先行计算出极小信标的集合.3)明显地,这种方法更适合大型Petri网系统.我们通过穿插在文中的一个例子来说明这些方法. 相似文献
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信标的受控性是检测柔性制造系统(flexible manufacturing system,FMS)Petri网模型是否存在死锁的关键因素.对于普通Petri网,在任何可达标识下所有信标不被清空是检测网系统非死锁的充分条件.然而,该条件对于建模能力更强的一般Petri网并不适用,max可控性条件由此产生.研究证明,该条件对于一般Petri网的死锁检测过于严格了.虽然其后有很多研究者通过改进max可控性条件以求给出条件更宽松的一般Petri网非死锁的充分条件,但大部分的研究成果都仅仅局限于一种顺序资源共享分配系统Petri网模型S4PR(systems of sequential systems with shared resources)网.因此,本文在max可控性条件的基础上提出了新的名为max#可控的信标可控性条件,并在此条件的基础上实现了基于混合整数规划(mixed integer programming,MIP)的死锁检测方法.与现有研究成果相比,max#可控性条件更宽松,可适用于更多类型的一般网,为解决大规模柔性制造系统中死锁监督控制器的结构复杂性问题提供了有力的理论支撑. 相似文献
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S4R(systems of sequential systems with shared resources)网是分析和解决柔性制造系统死锁现象常用的一种重要的Petri网子类模型,现有的基于S4R网的死锁预防方法通常采用对部分或者全部严格极小信标添加控制库所来实现.此类方法的不足在于得到的活性S4R控制器中往往存在冗余控制库所.针对已为网中每一个严格极小信标都逐一添加了控制库所和相关连接弧的活性S4R控制器,本文提出并设计了一种基于整数规划技术的冗余检测及结构简化方法,由此得到结构更简单、行为允许度更高的活性S4R控制器.该方法的核心思想是:如果网中已经存在一个p-不变式使得某个严格极小信标满足最大受控条件,那么为该严格极小信标添加的控制库所就是冗余的.由于该方法无需进行Petri网的可达性分析,避免了状态组合爆炸问题,因此具有较高的可行性和计算效率.最后用实验验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
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无死锁是并行程序正确性的主要条件之一,已有研究成果关注于死锁检测,但对死锁预防研究较少。该文在对消息传递模式并行程序各种通信过程进行分类介绍的基础上,借助Petri网进行建模,提出程序死锁与Petri网死标识的对应关系,给出通信死锁检测算法,进而针对2种引起通信死锁的原因提出了3种预防方法,通过比较提出最佳方案。该方法既有较好的通用性,又可用于并行算法设计阶段的死锁预防以提高并行编程效率。 相似文献
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S4R网作为一种特殊的Petri网子类,与S' PR网相比可以建模更为复杂的、拥有多个并行加工进程的资源分配系统。针对S4R网提出了一种综合的死锁预防策略。利用MIP检验由S4R网建模的柔性制造系统的活性,在新的信标控制概念的基础上对需要控制的系统进行控制。再利用MIP检验受控网系统的活性,进一步控制不活的网系统。避免了对一些网不必要的控制以及一些网过于保守的控制,得到许可行为较多的控制器。 相似文献
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本文在讨论Petri网静态结构和动态运行特性的基础上,给出了死锁的定义,描述了死锁的物理意义,并且给出了死锁的分析方法和检测算法.本文的研究对Petri网的工程应用具有基础性的重要作用. 相似文献
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阐述了分布式系统中的死锁问题,采用Petri网对分布式系统中的死锁进行分析,给出了几种解决死锁的模型,并分析了这些模型的优缺点,指出了分析和解决死锁的一般方法。 相似文献
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由于柔性制造系统中的死锁问题与对应建模Petri网中信标密切相关, 如何准确和快捷地求解这样的信标, 对于基于信标可控的死锁控制策略设计而言, 是十分重要的. 本文提出了基于G-system网灵巧信标的迭代式求解与受控的死锁控制策略. 与目前求解导致死锁信标所采用的部分枚举方法相比, 该方法避免了先求解出最大的死标识信标, 进而从中提取极小信标的步骤, 提高了信标的计算效率. 同时, 通过添加适当的控制库所, 使得灵巧信标满足max'-controlled, 获取的活性受控G–system网系统的许可行为数目可以得到进一步的提升. 通过理论分析和算例验证, 表明了该死锁控制策略的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
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对柔性制造系统提出了一种新的死锁预防控制算法。运用区域理论对Petri网模型设计一个控制器,对控制器中所有严格极小信标求取控制库所与资源库所的代数式,保证了所有的严格极小信标受控。与现有方法相比,该策略不必考虑控制器结构,只需根据这些代数式分布控制器中的资源,就可以得到相应无死锁监督控制器。 相似文献
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Liang Hong 《International journal of systems science》2013,44(8):1377-1385
Deadlocks in a flexible manufacturing system modelled by Petri nets arise from insufficiently marked siphons. Monitors are added to control these siphons to avoid deadlocks rendering the system too complicated since the total number of monitors grows exponentially. Li and Zhou propose to add monitors only to elementary siphons while controlling the other (strongly or weakly) dependent siphons by adjusting control depth variables. To avoid generating new siphons, the control arcs are ended at source transitions of process nets. This disturbs the original model more and hence loses more live states. Negative terms in the controllability make the control policy for weakly dependent siphons rather conservative. We studied earlier on the controllability of strongly dependent siphons and proposed to add monitors in the order of basic, compound, control, partial mixture and full mixture (strongly dependent) siphons to reduce the number of mixed integer programming iterations and redundant monitors. This article further investigates the controllability of siphons derived from weakly 2-compound siphons. We discover that the controllability for weakly and strongly compound siphons is similar. It no longer holds for control and mixture siphons. Some control and mixture siphons, derived from strongly 2-compound siphons are not redundant – no longer so for those derived from weakly 2-compound siphons; that is all control and mixture siphons are redundant. They do not need to be the conservative one as proposed by Li and Zhou. Thus, we can adopt the maximally permissive control policy even though new siphons are generated. 相似文献
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In this article we deal with deadlock prevention problems for S4PR, a class of generalised Petri nets, which can well model a large class of flexible manufacturing systems where deadlocks are caused by insufficiently marked siphons. We present a deadlock prevention methodology that is an iterative approach consisting of two stages. The first one is called siphon control, which is to add for each insufficiently marked minimal siphon a control place to the original net. Its objective is to prevent a minimal siphon from being insufficiently marked. The second one, called control-induced siphon control, is to add a control place to the augmented net with its output arcs connecting to the source transitions, which assures that there are no new insufficiently marked siphons generated. At each iteration, a mixed integer programming approach is adopted for generalised Petri nets to obtain an insufficiently marked minimal siphon from the maximal deadly siphon. This way complete siphon enumeration is avoided that is much more time-consuming for a sizeable plant model than the proposed method. The relation of the proposed method and the liveness and reversibility of the controlled net is obtained. Examples are presented to demonstrate the presented method. 相似文献
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Many deadlock prevention policies existing in the literature are to add control places (CPs) to cope with deadlocks in practical systems modeled with Petri nets. Since the number of CPs determined by these policies is not minimal under the condition that a controlled systems is live, this usually leads to a liveness‐enforcing Petri net supervisor with redundant CPs. Based on mixed integer programming (MIP) and the concept of implicit places (IPs), this paper develops a novel iterative algorithm of simplifying the structural complexity for a live Petri net. Under the condition that liveness is preserved in the iteration, this algorithm computes a feasible solution of an MIP for each CP to confirm whether redundant CPs exist in the live controlled system. Necessary and redundant CPs are then kept in or removed from the simplified live Petri net, respectively. As a result, a live controlled system with simpler structure is obtained, which directly reduces computational cost in further design and verification phases and possibly leads to more permissive behavior. Effectiveness of this algorithm is proved via a theoretic analysis and examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society 相似文献
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Shouguang Wang Wenli Duo Xin Guo Xiaoning Jiang Dan You Kamel Barkaoui MengChu Zhou 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》2021,8(1):219-226
Deadlock resolution strategies based on siphon control are widely investigated.Their computational efficiency largely depends on siphon computation.Mixed-integer programming(MIP)can be utilized for the computation of an emptiable siphon in a Petri net(PN).Based on it,deadlock resolution strategies can be designed without requiring complete siphon enumeration that has exponential complexity.Due to this reason,various MIP methods are proposed for various subclasses of PNs.This work proposes an innovative MIP method to compute an emptiable minimal siphon(EMS)for a subclass of PNs named S4PR.In particular,many particular structural characteristics of EMS in S4 PR are formalized as constraints,which greatly reduces the solution space.Experimental results show that the proposed MIP method has higher computational efficiency.Furthermore,the proposed method allows one to determine the liveness of an ordinary S4PR. 相似文献
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This article develops a deadlock prevention policy for a class of generalised Petri nets, which can well model a large class of flexible manufacturing systems. The analysis of such a system leads us to characterise the deadlock situations in terms of the insufficiently marked siphons in its generalised Petri-net model. The proposed policy is carried out in an iterative way. At each step a minimal siphon is derived from a maximal deadly marked siphon that is found by solving a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem. An algorithm is formalised that can efficiently compute such a minimal siphon from a maximal one. A monitor is added for a derived minimal siphon such that it is max-controlled if it is elementary with respect to the siphons that have been derived. The liveness of the controlled system is decided by the fact that no siphon can be derived due to the MIP solution. After a liveness-enforcing net supervisor computed without complete siphon enumeration, the output-arcs of the additional monitors are rearranged such that the monitors act while restricting the system less. Examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed method. 相似文献
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A large amount of research has shown the vitality of siphon enumeration in the analysis and control of deadlocks in various resource-allocation systems modeled by Petri nets(PNs).In this paper,we propose an algorithm for the enumeration of minimal siphons in PN based on problem decomposition.The proposed algorithm is an improved version of the global partitioning minimal-siphon enumeration(GPMSE)proposed by Cordone et al.(2005)in IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics-Part A:Systems and Humans,which is widely used in the literature to compute minimal siphons.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm consumes lower computational time and memory compared with GPMSE,which becomes more evident when the size of the handled net grows. 相似文献
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Daniel Y. Chao Ting‐Yu Chen Jiun‐Ting Chen Kuo‐Chiang Wu 《Asian journal of control》2012,14(1):278-283
This study proposes a new approach that recovers the system from deadlock states to its former live states, and reaches the same number of states as the original uncontrolled model by adding monitors (and control arcs) with no new problematic siphons. We further propose a lossless approach by coloring some arcs to avoid the material loss. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society 相似文献