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吸水涤纶碱水解及其动力学研究——聚酯—共聚酯纤维 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文主要讨论温度、时间、催化剂浓度等对聚酯—共聚酯纤维碱水解及其动力学的影响,同时考察了纤维表面形态。研究结果对吸水纤维的制造与开发有重要意义。 相似文献
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简述了纤维亲水-速干改性的基本原理,详细介绍了亲水改性聚酯纤维及织物的生产技术现状、产品市场前景。目前已经工业化生产的亲水改性聚酯纤维及织物总体上是通过化学、物理改性方法得到,具体的改性技术主要是共聚熔体改性直接纺丝、熔融共混直接纺丝、纤维表面改性(包括形态结构改性与表面接枝改性以及亲水性油剂上油处理),以及聚酯纤维织物的纤维素离子溶液表面改性、酶水解表面处理等。这些改性技术及相关产品将在直接纺涤纶民用长丝、直接纺涤纶棉型短纤维、非织造布以及技术纺织品等领域发挥升级换代、开拓市场的作用,符合聚酯纤维产业链可持续发展战略。 相似文献
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考察了氢氧化钠水溶液、乙二胺水溶液和氢氧化钠与乙二胺的混合水溶液被用来处理纤维时,处理温度和处理时间对改性聚酯纤维减量率的影响,发现氢氧化钠水解速率大于乙二胺的氨解速率,氢氧化钠和乙二胺对改性聚酯纤维有协效作用。 相似文献
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聚酯纤维的低温等离子体表面改性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
探讨了聚酯纤维氩气低温等离子体处理的工作条件及处理后纤维的性能和表面形态。结果表明 ,在本实验条件下 ,聚酯纤维经氩气低温等离子体处理后 ,表面形成刻蚀 ,吸湿性明显提高 ,其力学性能和热性能变化不大 相似文献
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提出了一种基于生物信息学知识与凝胶排阻色谱技术及图形拟合处理相结合的生物大分子复杂酶解反应行为定量分析、直观表征及模拟解析的新方法.研究中以全酪蛋白-胰蛋白酶为模式水解体系,根据完整的HPSEC实验谱图,经分子模拟多肽结构,获得了大量产物多肽信息;绘制了表征酶解反应动态特性的3-D曲面图与21/2维伪彩色图,并对拟合曲面方程进行了数学分析,为调控酶解反应、定向和定量地高效获取目标活性多肽提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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通过对伴有水解缩合反应的自由基种子乳液聚合动力学模型的求解,利用甲基丙烯酸-3-三甲氧基硅丙酯(MPS)和苯乙烯通过种子乳液聚合反应,仿真了不同反应条件下的反应动力学。并通过气相色谱(GC)和29Si固态核磁共振谱(NMR)测定了不同反应条件下的水解和缩合反应的动力学,并与动力学模型的仿真结果进行了比较。发现实验结果能与模型计算结果吻合,且水解和缩合反应的速率随体系中介质pH值、乳胶粒表面积和MPS在各相中分配的不同而变化。同时还总结出模型中参数f反映了乳胶粒中水解反应特点,与乳胶粒的表面积和功能基团扩散到乳胶粒表面的难易程度有关,并得出其半经验表达式。 相似文献
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Peter Zapol Haiying He Kideok D. Kwon Louise J. Criscenti 《International Journal of Applied Glass Science》2013,4(4):395-407
Understanding of dissolution processes of borosilicate glasses can shed light on mechanisms of degradation of nuclear waste forms. We have simulated structure of sodium borosilicate glass using classical molecular dynamics and calculated reaction barriers for hydrolysis reactions on the glass surface using density functional theory. The results indicate that reaction barriers in acidic conditions for dissolution of B-O-B and B-O-Si bridges are greatly reduced compared with neutral and basic conditions. We suggest barriers for B-O-B and B-O-Si hydrolysis are considerably lower than for Si-O-Si hydrolysis in acidic and neutral conditions, but less so in basic conditions. Our results suggest that at the initial stage, B-O-Si hydrolysis might contribute to the change of dissolution mechanism observed experimentally at increasing pH values. 相似文献
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腈纶表面接枝蛋白质改性的基本工艺过程与效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论述了腈纶表面接枝大豆蛋白质的基本工艺过程与效果,结果表明:腈纶经过表面水解、酰氯化、接枝反应等几个简单步骤就可以接枝上大豆蛋白质表面覆盖层,从而达到对腈纶进行蛋白质化学改性的目的。SEM观察表明:接枝之后,蛋白质将会填充腈纶的表面裂纹与微孔,赋予纤维以新的结构形态。 相似文献
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Structural and Physicochemical Properties of a Polymerizable Surfactant Synthesized from <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Methylol Acrylamide
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A new polymerizable nonionic surfactant with reactive vinyl groups has been synthesized from N‐methylol acrylamide using a two‐step procedure. The structure of the surfactant molecule was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. The surface active properties alongside its self‐assembly properties were investigated by surface tension, electrical conductivity, and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. As compared with other nonionic surfactants, this study showed that this polymerizable surfactant possesses slightly a higher critical micelle concentration (CMC) value and the surface tension value at CMC. The obtained CMC values were compatible among measurements, ca. 0.02–0.038 M. The evidence of micelle formation also provided by the zeta potential measurements and the obtained zeta potential values showed that the polymerizable surfactant solutions had limited stability. The hydrolysis stability and solubility of the polymerizable surfactant were also investigated. The solubility results have shown that it was soluble in polar solvents while insoluble in nonpolar solvents both at room temperature and 40 °C. The acidic and basic hydrolysis of the surfactant increased as the temperature increased and the hydrolysis stability was 180 min (basic medium) and 55 min (acidic medium) at 80 °C. 相似文献
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近临界水中鱼肉水解制备氨基酸的反应动力学 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
利用鱼肉蛋白制备氨基酸不但具有经济效益,而且为生物质资源高效利用提供技术支持。采用HL-F(0.2 L+1.5 MG)/30 MPa-IIA超临界水反应装置,在无催化剂、反应温度分别为220,240,260℃,反应时间为30 min条件下,对鱼肉蛋白在近临界水中水解为氨基酸的反应动力学进行了实验研究。用AAA-Direct氨基酸分析仪测定不同反应时间中氨基酸总产率,以酸水解鱼肉蛋白得到的氨基酸量为完全水解标准。在水过量的情况下,得到了鱼肉蛋白水解率宏观反应动力学方程。结果表明鱼肉蛋白水解动力学的级数为1.614 7,220,240,260℃下的反应速率常数分别为0.001 7,0.004 5,0.009 7,活化能为145.125 kJ/mol,前置因子A为9.475 7×109,为工业化生产提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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探讨了三氟硝基苯水解制备2,3-二氟-6-硝基苯酚的反应机理,推导出2,3-二氟-6-硝基苯酚的合成动力学方程,其速度方程可表达为r=kcAcB。从实验数据得到反应活化能Ea=116.7kJ/mol,反应速度常数k=2.96×1017exp(-116.7/RT)。用建立的动力学方程去预测不同条件下的转化率,计算值与实验值相比较15个数据点的平均相对误差小于5.4% 相似文献
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纳米二氧化钛悬乳体系光催化降解愈创木酚机理的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)制备的纳米TiO2作为催化剂,以造纸废水中木质素的模型物愈创木酚(G-M)为对象,在一定的降解条件下对G-M光催化降解动力学和机理进行了研究。结果表明,G-M的光催化降解过程包含吸附和降解两个过程,通过对G-M在TiO2表面吸附性能的研究,得到其吸附平衡常数;运用L-H方程,对G-M光催化降解动力学方程进行讨论,得到降解动力学方程:1/r=1.774/C+0.1034。同时,对TiO2光催化降解机理进行了探讨。 相似文献
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S. Duygu Sütekin Sahin Demirci Saliha B. Kurt Olgun Güven Nurettin Sahiner 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(42):51234
Synthesis of poly(N-vinylformamide) (PNVF) and its subsequent hydrolysis to convert it to poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) were performed. Kinetics of acidic and basic hydrolysis of poly(N-vinylformamide) (PNVF), and products of hydrolysis were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared, size exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies, and thermogravimetric analysis. It was observed that amide groups did not completely transform into amine groups by acidic hydrolysis of PNVF while the conversion of amides into amine groups via basic hydrolysis of PNVF was complete in 12 h, as confirmed by spectroscopic measurements. Results of extensive characterization revealed significant structural and conformational differences between acidic and basic hydrolysis products. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used for the first time to follow the conversion of amide groups into amine groups. The fluorescence intensity of PVAm obtained from basic hydrolysis of PVNF showed significant increase with amide/amine conversion. Finally, PVAm obtained from acidic hydrolysis of PNVF demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity, 10–20 times more, against common pathogens for example, C. albicans as fungal strain and E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa as bacterial strains as compared to PVAm obtained from basic hydrolysis. 相似文献