介绍几种国外石油射孔弹用火工品

石油射孔用火工品与常用火工品比较,除有安全可靠的共性要求外,尚有耐温、耐压、耐腐蚀的特殊要求,因而在选择原材料方面显得十分重要。石油射孔有两种主要方法:有枪身和无枪身。有枪身即导爆索、射孔弹、雷管等都装入一个约两米长的钢制射孔枪中,再用缆索下到井里,这样井压就由射孔枪来承担,火工品及其它部件只要能耐高温就行。这种方法因受枪     

火工品计量保障探讨

随着新型武器装备的发展,计量保障技术得到了快速发展。文章概述了火工品计量保障所面临的形势与任务,国内外火工品计量发展现状与趋势以及计量保障主要需求,阐明了火工品计量保障的重要意义,并对今后火工品综合测试技术、火工品标准物质、火工品专用测试设备校准等计量保障工作提出了几点建议。     

火工品包装技术研究

介绍了火工品包装概况,提出了火工品包装的通用技术要求,确定了包装容器的类型和常用的包装方法,提出了火工品防护包装设计中应考虑的因素,探讨和提出了火工品包装件的检验方法及验收规则,划分和确定了火工品防护包装等级和装箱等级。     

压敏电阻用于SCB火工品静电安全性研究?

为了提高半导体桥(SCB)火工品的静电安全性,利用贴片式压敏电阻优良的钳位电压能力对SCB火工品进行静电加固。恒流激励下发火试验结果显示,080C型压敏电阻对SCB火工品发火时间和爆发时间无显著影响;静电国军标条件下,SCB火工品均未发火,在静电美军标下全发火;080C型压敏电阻防护后,SCB火工品在美军标条件下均未发火,静电安全性得到了显著提高。因此,在不影响SCB火工品正常发火性能条件下,080C型压敏电阻能够显著提高SCB火工品的抗静电能力。     

火工品高频段射频阻抗测试技术?

为测量高频段火工品射频阻抗,根据火工品脚线和矢量网络分析仪的结构特点,设计了火工品专用连接夹具,实现了同轴和平行线的有效连接。并对夹具引入的测量误差进行了修正计算,建立了基于矢量网络分析仪的高频段火工品射频阻抗测试系统。利用此系统,测量了火工品1~18 GHz范围内的射频阻抗,共出现了5个谐振点,在谐振点火工品从电磁环境中吸收的能量最大,为评价火工品在电磁环境中的安全性提供了数据支撑。     

自由式霍普金森杆测量火工品过载加速度的数值模拟

火工品动态着靶的过载问题直接影响火工品在发射和动态着靶时的安全性和可靠性.文章提出了利用自由式霍普金森压杆测试火工品的动态过载能力的新技术,并且对这项试验技术进行数值模拟,验证了试验的一系列结论,证明了其测试方法的可行性,可以为制定新的火工品的安全性和可靠性评价方法提供依据.     

SCB火工品的研究与发展

文章评述了半导体桥火工品问世以来的研究成果与发展趋势。主要内容有半导体桥作用机理、半导体桥的结构与封装、半导体桥火工品的特点、半导体桥火工品的应用、半导体桥火工品的研究和发展趋势。     

密闭爆发器在做功火工品输出性能测试中的应用

本文介绍了做功火工品的分类、用途和性能参数,总结了国内外部分做功火工品输出性能的指标,提出了密闭爆发器在做功火工品输出性能测试中的设计要求,并分析了其对测试结果的影响.     

火工品销毁技术

火工品销毁技术１概述火工品是引燃发射药或引爆炸药的元件，包括火帽、雷管、电爆管、底火、史光管、抛射管、拉火管、推射管、点火具、传火具、导火索、导爆索．电燃撞针及动力切割火工品等。火工品的药剂有击发药、引火药、延期药、起爆药和炸药等。在火工品正常生产过...     

油气井特种爆破技术

油气井特种爆破技术是火炸药与油田特种作业紧密相关的技术 ,用它能有效地解决油田作业中存在的问题。本文首先简要介绍了油气井爆破的特点 ,然后结合实际产品研制和现场工作 ,论述了几种有代表性的油气井特种爆破技术 ,其中包括聚能射孔、聚能切割、爆炸整形、爆炸焊接以及高能气体压裂 ;同时分析了几种爆破器材的作用原理     

Effect of system of initiators on the process cycle of nonisothermal resin transfer molding – Numerical investigation

The role of initiators with different reactivities on the process cycle of nonisothermal resin transfer molding (RTM) was examined using the numerical simulation. A new process model was developed based on flow, heat and mass transfer equations combined with an appropriate mechanistic kinetics model which elucidates the functions of the initiators in the system. The process cycle of RTM with both single initiator and dual-initiator (combination of two initiators) was analyzed. The numerical simulations revealed that the single initiator with high reactivity reduces the cycle time, but there is a risk of incomplete mold filling and nonuniform temperature distribution. For dual-initiator system different scenarios of initiators injection including premixed initiators, switching the initiator at a given cavity filled fraction and ramped injection of highly reactive initiator were examined. It was found that the dual-initiator system leads to reduced cycle time and improved temperature distribution with no risk of incomplete filling.     

ATRP表面接枝在功能膜制备中的应用

ATRP表面引发接枝聚合是功能膜制备中一个重要而有效的方法.近年来,随着原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)研究的快速发展,将ATRP应用于功能膜制备的研究已取得了显著的进展.详细介绍了在膜表面固定ATRP引发剂的方法及将ATRP表面接枝法应用于制备抗污染能力强,抗菌性好,环境响应迅速等多种功能性膜方面的研究进展情况.     

ATRP法制备水凝胶的研究进展

原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)是一种可控自由基合成技术,与普通的自由基技术相比,ATRP技术使凝胶聚合物网链的均匀性提高,更为重要的是通过引发剂的结构设计可以得到不同结构与性能的水凝胶.综述了线形、支化、无机等不同结构ATRP引发剂在水凝胶研究中的进展,并分析了ATRP技术提高凝胶网络均匀性的机理.     

碳-碳键型活性自由基聚合引发体系的研究现状

与其它引发剂相比,碳-碳键型引发剂由于其自身的优良性能,因而逐渐受到了研究者的重视。本文简要介绍碳-碳键型引发剂在热引发转移终止剂和反向ATRP引发体系中的引发机理,及这两种活性自由基的聚合方法。     

Influence of initiators on supply chain value creation

Value creation in the supply chain has attracted considerable attention in the literature. It has typically been characterized as being the result of either external or organization spanning, or internal efforts to improve supply chain performance. Few studies have examined the simultaneous effects of internally and externally focused efforts to improve supply chain performance. Moreover, there is no discussion in the literature of the precursors or initial conditions that lead to successful supply chains. Drawing from different theoretical perspectives, two key motivators or initiators of value creation in supply chains are identified: structural mechanisms and relationship building. It is proposed that these initiators have a positive influence on value creation efforts, operationalized by the improvement of supply processes and responsiveness to customer needs (external focus), and internal production processes (internal focus). A structural equation model linking initiators and value creation mechanisms to performance is proposed and tested using data from a large sample of firms. Results suggest that firms that pay attention to initiators may derive greater benefit from their value creation efforts and thus yield improved performance.     

淀粉接枝共聚反应中引发剂的研究状况与进展

分析了淀粉接枝共聚反应中应用的引发剂,着重介绍了高铈离子、过硫酸盐、过氧化氢、锰离子等体系的化学方法及物理方法引发的研究状况与进展,论述了它们的优缺点,为淀粉接枝共聚反应中引发剂的选取提供一些参考。     

Soluble conducting poly(dipropargyl ether) formation studied using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy

Cyclopolymerization of dipropargyl ether was carried out in nitrogen atmosphere with different initiators (KSCN/KCl/KBr/KI) in dimethyl formamide. The rate of polymerization was determined for different conditions and used for comparing the efficiency of the initiators. KSCN and KI were found to be effective initiators for cyclopolymerization. The resulting polymer exhibits good solubility in common organic solvents and exhibited solvatochromic behaviour. The results from ¹H NMR, FT-IR and UV-Visible spectra of poly(dipropargyl ether), PDPE supported the idea that the resulting polymer possesses polyene structure having cyclic recurring units in the polymer backbone. Conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis and electroactivity of the polymer were also studied. The results from UV-Visible, FTIR spectroscopy and conductivity measurements clearly revealed the doped nature of PDPE.     

Aspects of transition metal mediated polymerizations

Catalysts based on metallocene complexes of early transition metals herald a new era in Ziegler—Natta olefin polymerization. The developments are driven primarily by the flexibility and high activity of metallocene catalysts, which allow excellent control of polymer properties and have led to a remarkably wide spectrum of polymers and copolymers. In-depth mechanistic understanding is proving crucial for catalyst design and has opened up the use of metallocenes in non-Ziegler chemistry, notably as initiators for carbocations polymerizations. Recently developed late transition metal complexes have substantially added to the range of olefin (co)polymers that are now accessible, including copolymerizations with carbon monoxide and polar monomers.     

诱导结构对泡沫铝填充薄壁方管轴向压溃特性影响的研究

建立了泡沫铝填充薄壁方管的有限元模型,利用试验对泡沫铝填充薄壁方管的有限元模型的准确性进行了验证。研究了诱导结构的类型和数量对泡沫铝填充薄壁方管的轴向压溃变形模式、初始峰值力、压溃力效率和能量吸收能力的影响,结果表明:设计诱导结构可以提高能量吸收能力、减小初始峰值力、增加压溃力效率,甚至可以改变压溃变形模式。沿薄壁方管的轴向方向合理地增加诱导结构的数量,可以进一步的减小初始峰值力、增加压溃力效率、提高结构的能量吸收能力。通过等级评价方法,确定沿薄壁方管的轴向方向设计4组诱导四角方孔可以使泡沫铝填充薄壁方管获得最佳的综合吸能特性。     

Radical-initiator-Induced solid-state polymerization of butadiyne nanocrystals in water and their dispersion stabilization

Butadiyne nanocrystals in water are usually polymerized by UV or gamma-ray irradiation to give polydiacetylene (PDA) nanocrystals. In this study, we confirmed that solid-state polymerization of 1,6-di(N-carbazolyl)-2,4-hexadiyne (DCHD) and 5,7-dodecadiyn-1,12-diyl bis[N-(butoxycarbonyl-methyl)carbamate] (4BCMU) could be stimulated by water-soluble radical initiators. The radical initiators used were potassium peroxodisulfate, three kinds of azo-type compounds and a redox initiator. In all cases, the solid-state polymerization was confirmed by color change into blue indicating that PDA modified by the radical residues at the end was formed. However, nanocrystal cohesion occurred especially when the concentration of the initiators was high or the dispersion was kept for a long time. In order to improve the dispersion stability, two kinds of surfactants, i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTMAC), were added to the DCHD nanocrystal aqueous dispersion. As a result, when anionic SDS was added, the solid-state polymerization of nanocrystals proceeded without coagulation and quantitative conversion was confirmed for all initiators. Cationic DTMAC has no effect on dispersion stabilization. PDA nanocrystal surfaces in water are negatively charged in nature and electric interaction of nanocrystals with the cations results in decrease of surface charge and aggregation of nanocrystals.