中心带圆孔的正交异性FRP板孔边应力应变分析

本文首先针对正交异性FRP板,在二维弹性问题的有限元分析中,建立了三角形板元素刚度矩阵。之后,就中心带圆孔的正交异性FRP板,在单向拉伸载荷与材料主轴方向成不同角度情况下,进行了实际的孔边应力应变有限元分析与应变测量。对于孔边的应力集中系数,由有限元分析计算结果与无限正交异性平板解析解的比较,可知,无限平板的结果在一定程度上可用于有限宽板中。     

基于数值计算方法的换热器管板等效方法研究

换热器管板等效方法影响到管板受力变形计算的准确性。以管壳式换热器为例,分别建立了开孔管板结构、共用节点的实心管板结构和主从节点绑定的实心管板结构有限元模型。采用数值计算方法,对管板的应力和变形进行了分析。有限元计算结果表明:采用主从节点绑定的实心管板结构与开孔管板结构变形最大相对误差为8.4%、孔边应力相对误差超过60%,说明主从节点绑定的实心管板结构仅可准确描述管板的变形。通过对比分析主从节点绑定的实心管板结构与开孔管板结构开孔区域应力分布,得到开孔边缘的应力集中系数为约3,开孔中部的应力集中系数约为2。     

含复杂孔形复合材料板孔边应力场的数值分析

孔的存在对于结构强度有相当大的影响。对于复杂孔形孔边边界条件的描述在数学上有一定的难度。边界条件建立的不够准确会给后续的计算带来很大误差。本文通过复变函数理论建立复杂孔形精确的边界条件,提高有限元建模的精度。对含机翼检修孔的正交各向异性板在外荷载作用下进行计算,得到孔边应力场的数值解。给出孔边应力分布和板的变形。     

机械连接结构中含圆孔复合材料板的应力计算及仿真分析

本文针对连接结构中含圆孔的复合材料板,根据非均质各向异性弹性理论建立计算模型。文中的应力场是借助于仿射变换的方法,通过复变应力函数得到的。按照所建立的数学模型对含有圆形孔的复合材料板进行应力分析。不同荷载作用对孔边应力集中系数的影响进行探讨,并就两个主方向的杨氏模量的变化对孔边应力的影响进行仿真分析。     

积分方程求解复合材料开口板的应力分布

开口结构在各种结构中所占比例非常大,因此对其强度分析具有重要的意义。复合材料开口结构的应力集中系数要明显高于均质材料,应力状态取决于材料的非均质度、孔口几何形状及荷载大小。本文根据非均质各向异性弹性理论,对含椭圆孔的正交各向异性板的孔边进行应力分析,提出了积分方程法求解方案。这里,平面的应力场是借助于保角映射的方法通过复变应力函数得到的。按所建立的数学模型对含有椭圆孔型的复合材料板进行应力分析,针对不同荷载状况和它们对孔边应力集中系数的影响进行探讨。     

高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器管板温度场与应力场分析

针对高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器管板组件模型使用WORKBENCH进行热应力分析,采用直接耦合应力方法计算管板应力分布。结果表明:管板分程隔板两侧的温度场分布具有一定的相似性;管板的最大应力出现在与壳体接触的边缘处;传热管在与管板接触的部位产生了明显的应力集中现象。     

基于数字图像相关方法的拉应力作用下圆孔受力分析

采用超高速数字图像相关实验系统和电子万能试验机加载设备,进行了含有圆孔试件的单轴拉伸试验,对圆孔孔边的应力分布情况以及应力集中系数进行了研究,同时利用ABAQUS进行了相同实验条件下的数值模拟。实验结果表明:试件模型受载后圆孔孔边发生了明显的应力集中现象,并通过设置测试点,详细地描述了孔边的应力集中现象,同时给出了拟合曲线与公式。ABAQUS有限元软件模拟计算的孔边最大应力集中系数K=2.99,与理论值K=3相比具有很高的吻合度。数字图像相关方法实验数据拟合公式得出的K=2.69,与理论值K=3存在一定的误差,但具有较高的参考性。     

不锈钢钎焊U型管板接头分析

采用拉伸试验对304不锈钢管板进行结构强度测试,同时使用扫描电镜方法探析了钎焊接头的内部结构以及力学特征。通过有限元分析软件ANSYS分析了真空钎焊接头的残余应力及应力分布情况。研究后发现,管板连接处往往会出现应力集中现象,通过有限元分析可以得到管板连接处残余应力的分布规律。     

基于流动模拟的多级离心泵叶轮应力变形分析

提出一种基于FLUENT和ABAQUS的多级离心泵叶轮受力变形分析方法,在FLUENT中对离心泵内的流动情况进行模拟,得到叶轮内介质力的分布规律;并将介质力作为叶轮受力的边界条件,在ABAQUS中对叶轮在工作运行工况下进行有限元分析,得到了叶轮的应力分布和变形规律,找到了叶轮的最大应力点和最大变形位置。研究结果表明:工作工况下叶轮前盖板变形较后盖板明显,叶轮轴向变形比周向变形和径向变形大;叶轮空转工况下存在应力集中现象,离心力对叶轮的受力变形影响较大。     

整体多层包扎式高压容器筒体与球形封头连接区应力状态有限元分析

建立了整体多层包扎式高压容器多层筒体与球形封头连接区有限元接触分析模型,得到了端部阶梯式连接结构的应力分布状况,并与相同尺寸非多层结构的应力分布进行了比较。结果表明,两种结构内外壁应力变化趋势相似,在连接区出现明显的应力集中,连接处轴向应力上升趋势大于周向应力,达到最大应力值后迅速衰减。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。