The influence of organic production on food quality – research findings,gaps and future challenges

Although several meta‐analysis studies have been published comparing the quality of food derived from organic and non‐organic origin, it is still not clear if food from organic production per se can guarantee product‐related added value to consumers. This paper aims to summarize the status quo in order to identify research gaps and suggest future research challenges. Organic food is described according to a quality model already published. The influence of organic production on food quality is structured in primary production and processing. Furthermore, organic food authentication is discussed. Organic food seems to contain fewer pesticide residues and statistically more selected health‐related compounds such as polyphenols in plant products and polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk and meat products, but the health relevance for consumers is not clear yet. Comparing food from organic origin with so called ‘conventional’ food seems not to be appropriate, because ‘conventional’ is not defined. In organic food quality research a system approach is needed from which systemic markers can be selected. Research on the impact of processing technologies on the quality according to organic principles seems of high relevance, since most of the food is processed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

食品企业安全生产中财务制度的功能与创新

对于食品企业的安全生产来说,其中必然涉及到各种同财务制度有关的资金投入和成本核算等问题。良好的财务制度可以通过预防性投资、教育投资以及预提安全生产费用等方式,对食品安全生产产生相应的促进功能。然而,现实食品企业安全生产中的财务制度,存在预防性投资和教育投资得不到应有重视,预提费用没有可靠保障等问题,难以起到促进安全生产的作用。因此,必须对当前食品企业的财务制度进行创新,采取加大预防性投资的比例、建立员工食品安全教育的专项费用管理制度、建立食品安全生产费用预提的专门制度等必要措施,以保证食品企业安全生产的顺利进行。     

A comparison of the nutritional value, sensory qualities, and food safety of organically and conventionally produced foods

Given the significant increase in consumer interest in organic food products, there is a need to determine to what extent there is a scientific basis for claims made for organic produce. Studies comparing foods derived from organic and conventional growing systems were assessed for three key areas: nutritional value, sensory quality, and food safety. It is evident from this assessment that there are few well-controlled studies that are capable of making a valid comparison. With the possible exception of nitrate content, there is no strong evidence that organic and conventional foods differ in concentrations of various nutrients. Considerations of the impact of organic growing systems on nutrient bioavailability and nonnutrient components have received little attention and are important directions for future research. While there are reports indicating that organic and conventional fruits and vegetables may differ on a variety of sensory qualities, the findings are inconsistent. In future studies, the possibility that typical organic distribution or harvesting systems may deliver products differing in freshness or maturity should be evaluated. There is no evidence that organic foods may be more susceptible to microbiological contamination than conventional foods. While it is likely that organically grown foods are lower in pesticide residues, there has been very little documentation of residue levels.     

The role of price as a product attribute in the organic food context: An exploration based on actual purchase data

High prices are often quoted as an obstacle to consumer purchase of organic food products. This article investigates the market performance of organic food products at different price levels and whether high price is necessarily a disadvantage for organic food products, especially with regard to generating repeat purchase. Based on analyses of panel purchase data from 2011 in Denmark, the study explores the effects of production method (organic vs. conventional) and price on consumers’ repeat purchase and cross-purchase across four product categories: red meat, chicken, milk and hard cheese. Results show that a high price is a disadvantage for generating repeat purchase of organic food products. Although organic products enjoy higher repeat purchase than conventional products overall, a high price generates less repeat purchase of organic products than a low or a medium price in all product categories; whereas in the case of conventional food products the situation is the reverse. At the same time, the cross-purchase analysis reveals that consumers who buy organic products from the high price tier are less likely to switch to other price tiers than consumers who buy low or medium price organic products (i.e. there is a spillover of high price organic food purchases to other product categories). Implications for pricing strategies for organic food products are discussed.     

Organic Food: Buying More Safety or Just Peace of Mind? A Critical Review of the Literature

Consumer concern over the quality and safety of conventional food has intensified in recent years, and primarily drives the increasing demand for organically grown food, which is perceived as healthier and safer. Relevant scientific evidence, however, is scarce, while anecdotal reports abound. Although there is an urgent need for information related to health benefits and/or hazards of food products of both origins, generalized conclusions remain tentative in the absence of adequate comparative data. Organic fruits and vegetables can be expected to contain fewer agrochemical residues than conventionally grown alternatives; yet, the significance of this difference is questionable, inasmuch as actual levels of contamination in both types of food are generally well below acceptable limits. Also, some leafy, root, and tuber organic vegetables appear to have lower nitrate content compared with conventional ones, but whether or not dietary nitrate indeed constitutes a threat to human health is a matter of debate. On the other hand, no differences can be identified for environmental contaminants (e.g. cadmium and other heavy metals), which are likely to be present in food from both origins. With respect to other food hazards, such as endogenous plant toxins, biological pesticides and pathogenic microorganisms, available evidence is extremely limited preventing generalized statements. Also, results for mycotoxin contamination in cereal crops are variable and inconclusive; hence, no clear picture emerges. It is difficult, therefore, to weigh the risks, but what should be made clear is that 'organic' does not automatically equal 'safe.' Additional studies in this area of research are warranted. At our present state of knowledge, other factors rather than safety aspects seem to speak in favor of organic food.     

食品安全相关人群食品安全知识、态度和行为横断面调查

目的 了解食品安全相关人群的知识、态度和行为(KAP)现状并探讨其影响因素,为实施改善食品安全状况的具体措施提供参考.方法 本调查采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法对我国15个省/直辖市/自治区抽取食品从业人员、食品专业技术人员以及食品监管人员,共计18802名.采用网络调查法对三类人群进行食品安全KAP问卷调查,并采用SP...     

广西食品生产企业参与食品质量安全可追溯体系的主要影响因素研究

目的探究广西食品生产企业实施食品安全追溯体系的主要影响因素。方法采用理论假设及问卷调查,以广西区内101家食品生产企业为实例,主要从生产企业的内部影响因素、企业生产经营状况、企业对质量安全追溯体系的认知、企业对追溯体系建立过程中外部环境等4个方向进行调研,对问卷进行统计分析,建立Logistic模型。结果企业参与实施追溯体系的意愿较高,影响企业建设追溯体系的主要因素是企业是否获得质量认证、生产者对食品质量安全控制信息关注度、可追溯产品的预期价格、消费者是否可以追溯到质量问题主体。结论在广西目前的经济发展状况下,需要结合多方力量,运用阿里经营模式,多手段、多渠道地去推进食品安全追溯体系。     

A review of Canadian and international food safety systems: Issues and recommendations for the future

In January 2019, the Safe Food for Canadians Act/Safe Food for Canadians regulations (heretofore identified as SFCR) came into force across Canada and brought a more streamlined process to food safety practice in Canada. Food trade and production processes have evolved rapidly in recent decades, as Canada imports and exports food products; therefore it is critically important to remain aware of the latest advances responding to a range of challenges and opportunities in the food safety value chain. Looking through the optics of the recent SFCR framework, this paper places the spotlight on leading domestic and international research and practices to help strengthen food safety policies of the future. By shedding some light on new research, we also draw attention to international developments that are noteworthy, and place those in context as to how new Canadian food safety policy and regulation can be further advanced. The paper will benchmark Canada through a review study of food safety best practices by juxtaposing (i) stated aspirations with, (ii) actual performance in leading Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) jurisdictions.     

食品组学技术在食品真伪鉴别和溯源方面应用进展

食品真伪鉴别和溯源技术是保障食品安全的重要手段.食品鉴别和溯源技术是对食品的真伪、产地和来源等相关信息进行分析及追溯,在食品质量与安全领域中占据强有力的地位.随着食品掺假频发、掺假手段多样,传统检测方法已不能满足食品的质量与安全管理要求,因此亟须发展新型快速准确的食品鉴别和溯源技术.食品组学是近年新兴的采用基因组学、转...     

Contaminants and microorganisms in Dutch organic food products: a comparison with conventional products

Organic products were analysed for the presence of contaminants, microorganisms and antibiotic resistance and compared with those from conventional products. No differences were observed in the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in organic and conventional wheat, during both a dry period and a very wet period which promoted the production of these toxins. Nitrate levels in head lettuce produced organically in the open field were much lower than those in conventional products. In iceberg lettuce and head lettuce from the greenhouse, no differences were detected. Organically produced carrots contained higher nitrate levels than conventional products. Both organic and conventional products contained no residues of non-polar pesticides above the legal limits, although some were detected in conventional lettuce. Organic products contained no elevated levels of heavy metals. Salmonella was detected in 30% of pig faeces samples obtained from 30 organic farms, similar to the incidence at conventional farms. At farms that switched to organic production more then 6 years ago no Salmonella was detected, with the exception of one stable with young pigs recently purchased from another farm. No Salmonella was detected in faeces at the nine farms with organic broilers, and at one out of ten farms with laying hens. This is comparable with conventional farms where the incidence for Salmonella lies around 10%. Campylobacter was detected in faeces at all organic broiler farms, being much higher than at conventional farms. One of the most remarkable results was the fact that faeces from organic pigs and broilers showed a much lower incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, except for Campylobacter in broilers. It is concluded that the organic products investigated scored as equally well as conventional products with regard to food safety and at the same time show some promising features with respect to antibiotic resistance.     

有机食品与常规食品的质量安全对比分析与理解

食品安全是目前比较流行的话题,保护消费者的健康成为食品安全工作的首要任务。有机食品和常规食品的质量安全对比是国际上争议较大、关心较多的话题。系统阐述了食品安全的危害因素和不同阶段的理解,着重论述了有机食品和常规食品的质量安全对比及其形成原因,并对2种农业耕种方式在保障食品安全中的作用进行了简要说明。     

浅析生物有机肥中功能微生物对食品质量安全的影响

随着经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,食品安全问题越来越受到人们的关注。在现代农业生产中,化学肥料的使用,为保证粮食稳产、高产等做出了重要的贡献,但粮食品质下降、生态污染、食品安全等一系列问题也随之显现。发展有机农业,生产安全、健康的绿色食品成为我国乃至世界农业发展的趋势。作为一种新型肥料,生物有机肥在粮食作物、经济作物、林业生产和园林绿化等领域均受到人们的重视。本文主要介绍了生物有机肥的功能微生物,论述了生物有机肥检测方面的问题和对食品质量安全等的影响,希望生物有机肥在减少化肥污染、改善生态环境、确保食品质量安全等方面发挥更好的作用。     

食品用加热包的品质分析探讨

食品用加热包主要依靠复杂的化学反应使食品复热,安全上可能存在一些风险。因此,通过对食品用加热包的品质指标进行分析,探讨其复热食品的热量传递特性及对食品安全、使用安全及环境安全的影响。综述目前加热包的性能评价的相关研究进展,对比密闭式加热和开放式加热的区别,并对其使用时对环境、食品及消费者的影响,及使用后丢弃会对环境造成的影响进行分析,展望食品用加热包未来的发展方向。食品用加热包使用过程中反应不完全,热能释放不充分;在热能传递过程中,存在大量热能损失,造成资源浪费;开放式加热时,加热包中金属元素有随蒸汽迁移的风险,加热包无纺布包装材料有释放挥发性有机物的可能;加热包废弃物也可能会对环境造成不利影响。食品用加热包的热效能利用率需要进一步提高,加热包安全性保障是未来的研究重点之一。     

The Irish organic food market: shortfalls, opportunities and the need for research

In 2009 the Irish organic food market was forecasted to grow from €120 m to €239 m by 2013; however, recent figures set its value at just €90 m. An estimated 70% of this market is imported. Surveys of Irish consumers reveal that 66% of consumers prefer to buy local produce and most organic consumers are buying organic at supermarkets. This evidence reveals that Irish producers must trade at supermarkets, and promote ‘local produce’ to ensure their produce reach the majority of buyers. Seventy‐eight % of organic rejecters state price and 21% state unawareness of the benefits as reasons for not buying organic. Many Irish consumers are buying organic food on the perceived belief that it is healthier, safer and tastes better; however, a review of studies on organic versus conventional foods in terms of health benefits, safety and sensory quality has shown that existing data is limited in scope and fails to show a clear trend. The review concludes with the need for a comprehensive study of a range of organic and conventional foods available to the Irish consumer in order to determine if differences in organic cultivation result in statistically significant differences in health linked compounds and sensory quality. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

食品安全在企业财务绩效中的功能作用及实现路径

食品企业所具有的食品安全保障能力,必然促使其利益相关方作出能够影响企业利益的行为选择,最终通过企业的财务绩效反映出来。通过对食品安全在企业财务绩效中功能的审视,可以发现食品安全通过影响消费者、政府以及社会舆论等利益相关者对其产品的态度,能够对其财务绩效起到相应的提升作用。因此,财务绩效具有促进食品企业履行食品安全保障责任的功能。然而,由于诸多因素的影响,财务绩效促进企业履行食品安全保障责任的功能可能出现失范。这些因素包括短期绩效和长期绩效之间的矛盾、信息披露制度欠缺,以及食品企业社会责任意识缺失等。因此有必要通过相应的路径,采取针对性的措施,以构建财务绩效促进食品企业履行食品安全保障责任功能的机制。     

“商机无限”的中国有机食品产业——访中国有机农业产业发展联盟主席杜相革先生

<正> 十年来,中国有机产业蓬勃发展的态势令世人瞩目,但快速发展的同时,也存在着产品单一、深加工产品缺乏、生产规模小、销售渠道窄等问题。如何让中国的有机产业逐渐成熟,走上健康发展的道路,既需要全行业的携手努力,也需要相关行业协会的指导与帮助。中国有机农业产业发展联盟(CFOAM)由中国农业大学有机农业技术研究中心发起,联合国内外多家有机产品生产和销售企业,充分利用政府机构、高等学院、有机生产企业、流通企业等多项资源,于2007年在香港注册成立。     

关于锦州市食品小作坊食品安全状况的调查报告

目的 对锦州市食品小作坊食品安全状况进行调查,并对调查结果进行分析,以期了解锦州食品加工小作坊的加工现状与存在的安全问题。方法 采用线上与线下相结合的方式对锦州食品小作坊食品安全现状进行调查分析,对问卷与实地记录进行数据分类整理与统计汇总,并对数据进行分析。结果 锦州食品小作坊食品购买者主要是21至30岁的青年人,学生、上班族构成购买小作坊食品的主要消费群体,消费者对食品安全问题的防范意识不强。在设备设施方面,锦州食品小作坊普遍存在加工设施简陋、陈旧现象,65.6%的食品小作坊没有明确的分工场所,并存在有原辅料与半成品、成品混放现象;72.63%的食品小作坊存在加工器具老化、锈渍、不卫生现象;在从业人员方面,多数未持有健康证明从事食品加工行业,并且71%的食品小作坊从业人员存在缺少食品安全知识,卫生观念差、法律意识淡薄等问题;在生产管理方面,存在擅自添加、掺假掺杂现象。在食品包装和标识方面,60.53%的食品小作坊存在生产日期、保质期等信息残缺、不完整现象,同时70%锦州食品小作坊未达到备案的条件要求,在无《食品生产许可证》条件下进行生产加工。结论 通过对锦州市食品小作坊安全状况的调查,了解了食品加工小作坊加工现状与存在的安全问题并分析原因,提出政府应设立食品风险预警与风险交流的媒介,进行科普与法律宣传、市场监管部门加强监管与巡查力度,消费者增强食品安全意识与维权意识等建议。     

Organic Agriculture and Undernourishment in Developing Countries: Main Potentials and Challenges

While much has been published on the advantages of organic agriculture, less has addressed its potentials and challenges to fight undernourishment in developing countries. This article aims at reviewing the main potentials and challenges of this approach when dealing with “undernourishment” as a multifaceted concept in developing countries. Accordingly, 2 main issues of the concept which are “food security” and “food safety” are discussed in the context of both developed and developing countries to understand their different food policies’ priorities. Next, the main potentials, challenges and tradeoffs of the organic approach are analyzed to understand whether the approach is capable to provide a secure or a safe food-production system which can meet the food policy priorities in developing countries. With respect to food security, the article concludes that conventional and biotechnological approaches still produce higher yields than organic agriculture. However, considering the many advantages of organic agriculture, it can in a long run, be more conducive than now to meet food security. Thus, conventional approaches to feed the hungers in developing countries. Accordingly, the article emphasizes on the importance of providing farmers in developing countries with the possibility of implementing different approaches. Therefore, policy makers should be aware of a realistic and gradual transition from the other approaches to the organic that should be projected only in “long run,” and after conducting a series of risk assessment studies on the bases of both “crop-case” and “region-case.”     

Birds select conventional over organic wheat when given free choice

BACKGROUND: Global demand for organic produce is increasing by €4 billion annually. One key reason why consumers buy organic food is because they consider it to be better for human and animal health. Reviews comparing organic and conventional food have stated that organic food is preferred by birds and mammals in choice tests. RESULTS: This study shows the opposite result—that captive birds in the laboratory and wild garden birds both consumed more conventional than organic wheat when given free choice. There was a lag in preference formation during which time birds learnt to distinguish between the two food types, which is likely to explain why the present results differ from those of previous studies. A further experiment confirmed that, of 16 potential causal factors, detection by birds of consistently higher levels of protein in conventional seeds (a common difference between many organic and conventional foodstuffs) is the likely mechanism behind this pattern. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the current dogma that organic food is preferred to conventional food may not always be true, which is of considerable importance for consumer perceptions of organically grown food. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Balanced diets in food systems: Emerging trends and challenges for human health

ABSTRACT

Processed foods, generally known as modified raw foods produced by innovative processing technologies alters the food constituents such natural enzymes, fatty acids, micronutrients, macronutrients and vitamins. In contrast to fresh and unprocessed foods, processed foods are guaranteed to be safer, imperishable, long lasting and consist high level of nutrients bioactivity. Currently, the evolution in food processing technologies is necessary to face food security and safety, nutrition demand, its availability and also other global challenges in the food system. In this scenario, this review consists of information on two food processing technologies, which effects on processed foods before and after processing and the impact of food products on human health. It is also very well established that understanding the type and structure of foods to be processed can assist food processing industries towards advancement of novel food products. In connection with this fact, the present article also discusses the emerging trends and possible modifications in food processing technologies with the combination of conventional and modern techniques to get the suitable nutritional and safety qualities in food.