Proton conductivity and phase composition in BaZr0.9Y0.1O3−δ

In order to evaluate the feasibility of fuel cells with proton conducting solid-electrolyte ceramics, the proton conductivity of sintered samples of BaZr_0.9Y_0.1O_3−δ was measured with impedance spectroscopy. The processing parameters and stoichiometry strongly affect the proton conductivity of the material. Considerable analogy has been shown between doped cerates and doped zirconates.     

二次掺杂聚苯胺的防腐蚀性能

采用不同的功能质子酸对化学氧化法合成的聚苯胺进行二次掺杂,比较了不同掺杂态聚苯胺的溶解性能;采用开路电位法和极化曲线法考查聚苯胺/环氧复合涂膜的防腐蚀性能。结果表明,用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBSA)掺杂的聚苯胺涂料具有很好的防腐蚀性能,涂覆该涂料的平衡开路电位比空白试样提高了近100 mV。     

Poly(vinyl alcohol)-colloidal silica composite membranes for fuel cells

The aim of this study is to develop an environmentally and friendly poly(vinyl alcohol) based low cost membrane with improved ionic conductivity, thermal and mechanical stability. In this work, the effect of colloidal silica content on membrane properties was investigated. Sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) was used as the sulfonating agent. In order to enhance the mechanical and ionic conduction properties, colloidal silica was used. The range of silica content in the membrane solution investigated was 5–20%. For the characterizations, the synthesized membranes were subjected to FT-IR, TGA, tensile strength analysis, water uptake, ion exchange capacity (IEC) and impedance measurements for proton conductivity. Synthesized membranes demonstrated high water uptake (up to 80%) without swelling, high ion exchange capacities was found to increase with increasing SSA content. The proton conductivity of CS doped membranes increased with increase in temperature and the temperature dependence showed significant change in the CS doped membranes. An increase in the values of the proton conductivity was driven by the mobility of free charges (free ions) as the temperature was increased. Addition of SSA and CS to the polymer matrix improved the thermal stability of the membranes. It was also discovered that membranes were in a composite structure and colloidal silica particles did not contribute to the structure of the polymer matrix at the molecular level. Mechanical durability of the membranes having SSA content above 15% decreased and these membranes showed a more fragile structure.     

Poly(propargyl alcohol) doped with sulfuric acid,a new proton conductor usable for humidity sensor construction

The electrical properties of poly(propargyl alcohol), chemically doped with sulfuric acid, were investigated as a function of the relative humidity. In the absence of water, the conductivity of the doped polymer is very low (about 3 × 10⁻⁹ S cm⁻¹ at 25 °C) with characteristics of electronic-type charge transfer. In the presence of humidity, the charge transfer inside the polymer is mainly due to proton motion and the conductivity, ionic in character, increases with exponential trend as a function of the relative humidity. An explanation of this behaviour is attempted by taking into account the effect of water on the ion interaction. A preliminary investigation on the possibility of the use of the acid-doped poly(propargyl alcohol) as humidity sensor was also carried out.     

Cu单掺杂和Cu/Al复合掺杂纳米氢氧化镍的结构和电化学性能(英文)

采用超声波辅助沉淀法制备Cu单掺杂和Cu/Al复合掺杂的纳米Ni(OH)2样品,测试样品的晶相结构、粒径、形貌、振实密度及电化学性能。结果表明,样品均具有α相结构且其平均粒度的分布范围窄,Cu单掺杂的纳米Ni(OH)2呈现不规则形态,而Cu/Al复合掺杂的纳米Ni(OH)2呈准球状且具有更大的振实密度。将纳米样品以8%的比例掺入到商业用微米级球形镍中制成混合电极。充放电和循环伏安测试结果表明,Cu/Al复合掺杂纳米Ni(OH)2的电化学性能优于Cu单掺杂的纳米Ni(OH)2的,前者的放电比容量最高达到330mA·h/g(0.2C),比Cu单掺杂样品的高12mA·h/g,比纯球镍电极的高91mA·h/g。此外,Cu/Al复合掺杂纳米样品的质子扩散系数比Cu单掺杂样品的高52.3%。     

Electrochemical performance of multi-element doped α-nickel hydroxide prepared by supersonic co-precipitation method

The multi-element doped α-nickel hydroxides have been prepared by supersonic co-precipitation method. Three kinds of samples A, B, C were prepared by chemically coprecipitating Ni, Al, Co, Y, Zn. It was found that sample C produced better performance than the others. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements indicated that sample C has better electrochemical performance, such as better reaction reversibility, higher proton diffusion coefficient and lower charge-transfer resistance, than those of samples A and B. The charge-discharge tests showed that the discharge capacity (346 mA h/g) of sample C is even larger at 0.5 C rate than that (337mAh/g) at 0.1 C rate, while the discharge capacity at 0.5 C rate is much lower than that at 0.1 C rate for samples A and B. It indicates that all doped elements can produce the synergic effect and further improve the electrochemical properties of the active materials.     

SO3-doped poly(P-phenylene sulphide) II: Motion of electrons studied by the frequency dependence of proton N.M.R. T1−1

The frequency dependence of proton n.m.r. T₁⁻¹ was exploited to investigate the dynamic aspect of the electronic state in poly(P-phenylene sulphide) (PPS) doped heavily with SO₃. The doping was shown to be inhomogeneous even in the most heavily doped sample prepared with liquid SO₃, as evidenced by a non-exponential recovery of the proton magnetization. T₁⁻¹ has been described well by the inverse-square law dependence upon frequency with a negative intercept, being interpreted in terms of a diffusive motion of electrons (or holes) in the form of polarons, but not of bipolarons, which are delocalized over several sites along a doping-induced one-dimensional conjugated chain.     

Electrical properties and spectroscopic studies of HClO4-doped poly(p-diethynylbenzene)

Electrical properties of poly(p-diethynylbenzene) (PDEB), chemically doped with perchloric acid (HClO₄), were investigated as a function of dopant concentration and relative humidity. The doped polymer was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV—Vis, IR, electron spin resonance (ESR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A possible structure of the HClO₄-doped PDEB was proposed on the basis of spectroscopic studies. In the presence of humidity, HClO₄-doped PDEB follows the proton conduction mechanism.     

SYNTHESIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF CONDUCTING POLYANILINE DOPED WITH RARE EARTH CHLORIDE

1.IntroductionPolyaniline,asoneofthelllostpron1isil1gcoIlducti11gI)olyrnlcrs,attracts1l1ucllatte11-tionbecauseofitseasepreparation,excelIelltellviroIl1lle1ltalstabilit3r,()speciallyitsu1liqlleprotonicaciddoping...h..i..[l].Agreatdeal()fexperilne11talw()rk`l(}votedtoitsprepa-rationanddopingmethodshasbeell.,ad.[2-4l.Hiraoet.l.[5]investigatedtllei11tera(ftiol1ofundopedpolyanilinewithtransitionmetaliol1sandfOulldthattheresllltingcol1lPoundsexhibitgoodcatalysisfOrsomeoxidationreactiol1sasweliasi…     

Cu基电触头用掺杂SnO2纳米粉体的制备

利用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了Cu基电触头用TiO2掺杂SnO2纳米粉。实验时,首先采用TG-DSC方法对掺杂SnO2前驱体在升温过程中的转变过程进行了分析,然后采用XRD对不同温度焙烧所得掺杂SnO2粉体进行了物相分析、颗粒粒径计算,采用TEM对掺杂SnO2粉体的微观形貌进行了观察,最后通过分析掺杂SnO2粉体晶格参数d值的变化对粉体的掺杂效果进行了评估。结果表明:通过所述工艺成功实现了TiO2对纳米SnO2的掺杂,500℃焙烧所得掺杂SnO2为圆球形,粒径约为10 nm,较好地满足Cu基电触头材料使用的需求。     

混合粉末对先位法MgB_2超导带材性能的影响

将掺杂纳米C或SiC的预烧结粉与镁粉和硼粉进行混合作为先位(ex-situ)粉末套管法(Powder-In-Tube)的填充粉末,制备出MgB2/Fe超导带材。结果表明,掺杂纳米C或SiC样品的临界转变温度均比未掺杂样品的低1.5K左右。纳米C或SiC样品的临界电流密度(Jc)均得到了极大的提高。且在4.2K,8T下,掺杂纳米C样品的Jc最高,约为104A/cm2,比未掺杂样品以及采用商业MgB2制备样品的Jc高约1个数量级。在预烧结过程中纳米C或SiC中的C对B位的有效替代所产生的晶格畸变以及晶粒连接性的提高可能是掺杂样品的Jc提高的主要原因。     

Ti和Fe添加剂对氢化锂铝放氢性能的影响

通过PCT设备和XRD对掺杂Ti和Fe的LiAlH4试样进行了研究.结果表明:掺杂Ti和Fe都明显地降低了LiAlH4的放氢温度、放氢量和放氢速率,其中掺杂5mol?试样的放氢温度降低最低,并且放氢量明显地高于掺杂Ti试样的放氢量;和掺杂5 mol% Ti的试样相比,掺杂5 mol?的试样在第一分解阶段的分解速率明显低于前者;对于经过250 ℃热分解后的掺杂5 mol% Fe和1、3、5 mol%Ti的试样的XRD分析结果显示,掺杂催化剂并没有引起晶体结构的变化,也没有发现Ti和Fe相或含Ti和Fe的第二相的存在     

钾掺杂钨合金中气相热充氘的热脱附行为

钾(K)掺杂钨(W)合金已经表现了优异的高温力学性能,成为最有希望的PFMs 备选材料之一.为评估氢同位素在W-K合金中的滞留情况,采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS),制备了纯W及K含量82 μg/g 的W-K 合金,通过气相热充法引入氘(D)元素,考察热脱附行为.研究表明,气相热充氘释放温区从600 K 延伸至1200...     

Polyaniline doped with orthophosphoric acid—A material with prospects for optoelectronic applications

Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the highly pursued conducting polymers in recent times owing to its excellent electrical and optical properties, better air stability and easy and cheap synthesis route. Doped PANI has been extensively investigated as a hole-injecting electrode in polymer light emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the work on doped PANI as emissive layers in polymer LEDs is quite scanty. Though there are reports on the photoluminescence characteristics of doped PANI, a detailed investigation on a comparative study of the photo luminescence in PANI doped with different dopants, which is the essence of our work, has not been carried out earlier. In the present work, we compare the photoluminescence (PL) emission intensity of PANI doped with hydrochloric acid (HCl), camphor sulphonic acid (CSA) and orthophosphoric acid, with a view to assessing the prospects of doped PANI as emissive layer in polymer LEDs. The PL emission peak is centered around 450 nm when excited at 365 nm. PANI doped with orthophosphoric acid exhibits the highest photoluminescent intensity followed by PANI doped with HCl and CSA. A comparison of the X.R.D spectra of the samples show that both HCl doped PANI and CSA doped PANI, do not show any significant crystalline nature whereas orthophosphoric acid doped PANI exhibits considerable crystallanity. The observed long-range order in orthophosphoric acid doped PANI could be a consequence of the more orderly arrangement of benzenoid and quinonoid units, resulting in enhanced PL emission intensity.     

Vickers Microhardness Study of Nonlinear Optical Single Crystals of Doped and Undoped S-Benzyl Isothiouronium Chloride

The Vickers microhardness of the doped and undoped S-benzyl isothiouronium chloride single crystals was investigated using a Vickers microhardness tester at room temperature. It was observed that, up to an applied load of 15 g, the hardness of the crystals increases with an increase in load, and thereafter it is practically independent of the indentation load. Efforts are made to improve the hardness of S-benzyl isothiouronium chloride crystal by doping. It was found that all doped crystals possess greater hardness than the undoped crystals.     

Observations of dynamic strain aging in polycrystalline NiAl

Dynamic strain aging has been investigated at temperatures between 77 and 1100 K in eight polycrystalline NiAl alloys. The 0.2% offset yield stress and work hardening rates for these alloys generally decreased with increasing temperature. However, local plateaus or maxima were observed in conventional purity and carbon doped alloys at intermediate temperatures (600–900 K). This anomalous behavior was not observed in low interstitial high-purity, nitrogen doped, or in titanium doped materials. Low or negative strain rate sensitivities (SRS) were also observed in all eight alloys in this intermediate temperature range. Coincident with the occurrence of negative SRS was the occurrence of serrated flow in conventional purity alloys containing high concentrations of Si in addition to C. These phenomena have been attributed to dynamic strain aging (DSA). Chemical analysis of the alloys used in this study suggests that the main species causing strain aging in polycrystalline NiAl is C but indicate that residual Si impurities can enhance the strain aging effect.     

Temperature-dependent Raman scattering and photoluminescence in YBa_2Cu_3O_7 doped with SiO_2 and Zn_(0.95)Mn_(0.05)O nanoparticles:comparative study

A combined study examining the temperature dependencies of Raman scattering and photoluminescence(PL)of a YBa_2 Cu_3 O_7(YBCO)matrix doped with SiO2(12 nm;0.01 wt%.,0.10 wt%)and Zn_(0.95)Mn_(0.05)O(20 nm;0.02 wt%,0.10 wt%)nanoparticles was presented.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis confirms that both YBCO types exhibit aperovskite structure with the orthorhombic Pmmm phase.The microstructure was examined using environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM).Raman scattering and photoluminescence measurements as functions of temperature were conducted in the 77-837 K range.The photoluminescence intensity is observed to decrease for the doped YBCO than for the pure YBCO,because of localized defects.The photoluminescence spectrum is primarily composed of three bands at 1.60,1.88,and 2.40 eV.A clearly pronounced correlation is observed between electronic and structural changes in the doped YBCO,which is due to the temperature,illumination,added oxygen or metal ions,and spectral parameters.The PL integrated intensity as a function of the inverse temperature was simulated using the Arrhenius model.This analysis reveals that the energy exchange between the different levels in the pure and doped YBCO was conducted via two vibration modes only,which are strongly linked to the oxygen and copper atoms in the YBCO matrix.The temperature dependencies of the modes at 340 and 500 cm~(-1) exhibit softening with temperature increase,resulting from microstructure control,which may be due to small concentrations of Si,Zn,and Mn substitutions at the chain Cu(1)and plane Cu(2)sites.     

First-principles investigation on stability and electronic structure of Sc-doped θ′/Al interface in Al−Cu alloys

The properties of Sc-doped θ′ (Al₂Cu)/Al interface in Al−Cu alloys were investigated by first-principles calculations. Sc-doped semi-coherent and coherent θ′ (Al₂Cu)/Al interfaces (Sc doped in Al slab (S1 site), Sc doped in θ′ slab (S2 site)) were modeled based on calculated results and reported experiments. Through the analysis of interfacial bonding strength, it is revealed that the doping of Sc at S1 site can significantly decrease the interface energy and increase the work of adhesion. In particular, the doped coherent interface with Sc at S1 site which is occupied by interstitial Cu atoms has very good bonding strength. The electronic structure shows the strong Al—Cu bonds at the interfaces with Sc at S1 site, and the Al—Al bonds at the interfaces with Sc at S2 site are formed. The formation of strong Al—Cu and Al—Al bonds plays an important role in the enhancement of doped interface strength.     

PREPARING NANO-CRYSTALLINE La DOPED WC/Co POWDER BY HIGH ENERGY BALL MILLING

The La doped WC/Co powder was prepared by high energy ball milling. The changes of crystal structure, micrograph and defect of the powder were investigated by means of XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscope) and DTA (differential thermal analysis). The results show that adding trace La element into carbides is effective to minish the grain size of WC/Co powder. The La doped carbides powder with grain size of 30nm can be obtained after 10h ball milling. The XRD peak of Co phase disappeared after 20h ball milling, which indicated solid solution (or secondary solid solution) of Co phase in WC phase. The La doped powder with grain size of 10nm is obtained after 30h ball milling. A peak of heat release at the temperature of 470℃ was emerged in DTA curve within the range of heating temperature, which showed that the crystal structure relaxation of the powder appeared in the process of high energy ball milling. After consolidated the La doped WC/Co alloy by high energy ball milling exhibits     

Ag+掺杂ZnWO4纳米棒的微波水热法合成及光催化性能

以硝酸锌(Zn(NO3)2·6H2O)、和钨酸钠(Na2WO4·2H2O)作为起始反应物,利用微波水热法在200℃下合成纳米棒状钨酸锌。利用X-射线粉末衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及能谱成分图谱等分析手段对纳米棒状钨酸锌粉体进行表征,并对不同Ag+掺杂量的ZnWO4纳米棒的光催化性能进行了研究。结果表明:Ag+成功的掺入ZnWO4纳米棒中;随着Ag+掺杂量的增加ZnWO4纳米棒的颗粒尺寸也不断增大;Ag+掺杂量2%时纳米棒状钨酸锌粉体的光催化性能最优,但是随着掺杂量的逐渐增加光催化性能反而降低。