含稀土复合肥对水稻产量及生物学性状的影响

含稀土复合肥对水稻产量及生物学性状的影响温劲波，田蓉屏（北京有色金属研究总院北京１０００８８）稀土农用产品“常乐”用于小麦、水稻等２０多种农作物的施用方法及其效果，已发表了近５００篇研究报告和论文。但含稀土复合肥的应用研究却很少见报道［１、２］。特别...     

稀土复合固氮菌剂在作物上的应用效果

经1986～1991年170余个盆栽和田间小区试验,以及33.6万亩大田示范,证明稀土复合固氮菌剂的增产效果和经济效益均较明显。小麦、水稻、玉米、大豆、花生等10余种作物平均增产13.7±1.6%,增产机率大于85%。该菌剂的施用既可增加作物产量,又可维持土壤肥力和节约氮素化肥用量。     

施用稀土的小麦显徼结构研究

冬小麦在合理、适量施用稀土后,通过显微结构的研究查明,稀土麦叶主要表现为叶肉细胞中的叶绿体数量增多,维管束排列密度较高,导管以及维管束鞘柔软细胞发育较好,机械组织发达。从显微结构上说明,合理施用稀土可增进叶片的良好性状,有利于光合作用的进行和水分、养分的运输,促使作物茁壮发育。通过显微结构的研究,从理论上阐述了稀土促进作物增产的机制。文中还叙述了喷施稀土后的小麦试验区的产量结果,喷施稀土的小麦比对照小麦产量高,获得了增产,与小麦显微结构研究结果是相符合的。     

氮、磷、稀土配施对小麦产量的效应

单独施用稀土对作物有一定的刺激作用已有众多的研究,而农业生产是一个综合系统,作物要获得优质、高产,必需有大量营养元素的均衡供应,只有在大量营养元素得到满足的基础上,才能充分发挥稀土的增产效果。因而,笔者采用田间试验,探讨了在小麦上氮、磷、稀土的相互关系以及对产量的效应。     

含稀土复合肥料在水稻上的肥效试验

含稀土复合肥料在水稻上的肥效试验万强，宁加贲，刘穗（湖南省稀土农用研究中心长沙４１０１２５）为了验证含稀土复合肥在水稻上的施用效果，明确稀土元素在该复合肥料中的作用，我们从１９９１年起，先后在湖南省的汨罗、益阳、娄底、祁东等地，进行了３年１０个点的大...     

稀土在草地牧草上效应的研究

本文是采用不同浓度的稀土和不同的施用方法,在草地牧草上进行了三年试验,其结果表明稀土对牧草的生长发育和增产效果是显著的。其施用的最佳浓度,禾本科牧草是600ppm(30克/亩),豆科牧草是1000ppm(50克/亩);平均增产幅度,禾本科牧草为10～15%,豆科牧草为15～20%。     

稀土在春小麦上的十年定位试验

阐述了稀土在春小麦上十年定位试验研究。结果表明:在同一地块上长期对春小麦施用稀土,增产效果稳定;土壤中未见稀土元素的明显积累,小麦籽实中稀土元素含量未见异常,说明长期施用稀土是安全的。     

混合硝酸稀土肥效试验总结

为了探索稀土对作物的增产效果和施用方法,我所近两年来利用硝酸稀土对水稻、黄豆等作物进行了浸种、拌种和根外喷施等方面的试验,并配合中心农技站作了示范推广。一般来说只要掌握得当,都有一定的增产效果。     

螯合稀土钼在橡胶树上应用的研究

本文系橡胶树施用螯合稀土钼(简称CRM)微肥的基本总结。试验表明,螯合稀土钼微肥兼有橡胶树生长所需的营养和刺激元素。它具有营养成分利用率高,作物易于吸收的特点,在促进橡胶树生长、刺激排胶和控制死皮病的发展方面均有明显效果。将螯合稀土钼微肥原液用清水稀释至0.2～2.0%的浓度,在割胶期内涂于割胶口和割胶面上,每月1～2次,年涂5～10次,净增产率达8.6～37.6%。与乙烯利混合施用效果更佳。螯合稀土钼微肥在橡胶树上施用方便,用量少,经济效益明显,具有广阔的发展前景。     

外源稀土在黄刚土中形态分布和生态效应研究

模拟土壤施用稀土定位试验结果表明 :黄刚土中各组份吸附稀土的能力为 :无定形 Fex Oy、紧结有机物>松结有机物 >Mn Ox>晶形 Fex Oy>永久负电荷 ;进入黄刚土的外源轻稀土 ,主要累积于紧结有机态 (2 9.90～49.72 %)、无定形氧化铁吸附态 (2 6 .81～ 46 .76 %) ,而累积于松结有机态的轻稀土受外源稀土的加入量影响较小(2 4.93～ 2 8.72 %)。当外源稀土用量在 0 .6 84～ 2 .735 mg/ kg·季时 ,大豆地上部稀土无明显增加 ,而用量达13.6 74m g/ kg时 ,地上部明显增加。黄刚土外源稀土的最佳用量为 0 .6 84mg/ kg,此时 ,大豆增产 43.82± 15 .0 8%、油菜增产 17.92± 9.0 7%。     

Primary Study on Effects of New Rare Earth Agro-Materials on Potato

Using common phosphate as a check, we studied the growth and yield of potato by new rare earth agro-materials including rare earth phosphate (base fertilizer), rare earth whole plant nutrient fertilizer, and amino acid chelated rare earth ( top dressing), which were used in a single or mixed way in Dingxi city, Gansu Province.The results are as follows that ( 1 ) After using new rare earth materials, the plant height increases by 0.4 ～ 5.6 cm and the ripen period is delayed by 4 ～ 9 d.(2) They can improve the potato economic characteristics, enhance productivity, decrease black leg and late blight.The disease index is decreased by 1.6% ～ 10.6%, single plant potato number increases by 0.3 ～ 0.5, and single plant yield increases by 80 g ～ 130 g.(3) The effect of increased yield is significant, and mixed use is better than single use.In the single material treatments, rare earth phosphate is the best, rare earth whole plant nutrient fertilizer and amino acid chelated rare earth are the second, and the increased rate are 14.5%, 8.4%, 9.2% so the material mixture-rare earth phosphate mixed of rare earth whole plant nutrient fertilizer or with amino acid chelated rare earth is economically useable, and increase rate are 25.2% and 24.4% compared with common phosphate.     

喷施稀土对小麦产量的影响

在小麦拔节期进行了喷施稀土试验。结果表明：喷施稀土能显著增加小麦穗粒数和产量，对千粒重影响则不明显；小麦产量与喷施稀土浓度之间呈二次曲线相关，当稀土浓度为００４１６％时，理论上小麦可获最高产量２６６５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２。     

Biogeochemical Cycle and Residue of Extraneous Rare Earth Elements inAgricultural Ecosystem

Moreandmoreattentionsarepaidtotheecologi caleffectscausedbythewideapplicationoffertilizerswithrareearthelements (REEs)inagricultureinre centyears[1～ 3] .Especially ,REEshavebeenaddedtosalvolatileandN P Kcompositefertilizers ,andthendressedintosoilsdirectlyasthebasefertilizer ,be sidesbeingappliedbyfoliagedressing .TheamountofREEsbysoildressingisgenerallytentimeshigherthanthatbyfoliagedressing .Itisnotclearwhethersuchalong termandlarge amountofapplicationcaus esobviousaccumulationofREEsi…     

Application of Rare Earth Phosphate Fertilizer in Western Area of China

Rare earth phosphate fertilizer (REPF) as base fertilizer (750 kg per hm2) was applied in the western area of China during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", and the results show as follows: compared with calcium superphosphate (CK), REPF increases crops yields for maize by 17.0%, for rice by 10.5%, for wheat by 24.2%, for potato by 18.5%, for cabbage by 16.3%, for Chinese cabbage by 16.4%, for beet by 6.5%; decreases the diseased plant rate for common smut of maize by 1.0%, for maize stalk rot by 1.2%, for wheat take-all disease by 7.8%, for wheat root rot by 3.2%, for potato blackleg disease by 1.4%, for potato late blight by 6.6%; increases the sugar content of beet by 0.9°S.     

稀土氨基酸配合物的药学研究进展

近年来,稀土氨基酸配合物因其优异的物理化学性能被广泛的应用在光学、生物工程和医学等方面。稀土氨基酸配合物在药学中的应用极大地推进医学与农业的发展和创新。医药方面,大量实验研究证明稀土氨基酸配合物能抑制癌症、肿瘤细胞的生长,可以用作癌症肿瘤病人的化疗药物;稀土氨基酸配合物可以抑制细菌、真菌的生长,治疗某些细菌真菌引起的疾病;稀土氨基酸配合物可以针对性的选择、改变DNA结构,从而治疗某些基因问题产生的疾病。农业上,稀土氨基酸配合物作为农药,既可直接提高农作物的产量,同时也能抑制真菌类的生长,间接促进农作物生长。     

复合氨基酸稀土元素螯合物的生产和应用研究进展

本文总结了国内外复合氨基酸稀土元素螯合物生产工艺的研究和进展情况以及降本增效的综合利用措施,对农作物施用氨基酸稀土元素螯合物的方法作了阐述.使用结果表明复合氨基酸稀土元素螯合物具有用量少、成本低、回报率高的特点,不但能提高农作物的产量,改善品质,还能有效起到灭菌、杀虫、除草、降低农药残留量的作用,是很有发展前途的新型肥料.     

Effects of mixed rare earth fertilizer on yield and nutrient quality of leafy vegetables during different seasons

Using Chinese cabbage and rape as test material and examining the same soil conditions at different seasons(spring and autumn), the effects of mixed rare earth fertilizer on the yield and nutrient quality of leafy vegetables were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the application of mixed rare earth fertilizer in agriculture. Results showed a seasonal difference in the nutrient quality of Chinese cabbage and rape. For crops planted in autumn, the soluble sugar and vitamin C content were higher, the titratable acid and nitrate content were lower, and the sugar acid ratio was higher relative to crops planted in spring. Mixed rare earth treatments promoted growth of both crops during both seasons. The plot yield, stem and leaf fresh and dry matter weight, and dry and fresh ratio increased. These increases for Chinese cabbage were greater in autumn than in spring while for rape, the increases were greater in spring than autumn. The soluble sugar content, titratable acid content and sugar acid ratio were increased and the nitrate content decreased, in autumn the effects were more obvious than in spring. In spring, the vitamin C content was increased, and the increase was greater for Chinese cabbage than rape. In autumn, the vitamin C content decreased, and the decrease was greater for rape than Chinese cabbage. At the same time, the content of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni in stems and leaves decreased. This decrease was greater in spring for Chinese cabbage and in autumn for rape.     

稀土电解熔盐渣焙烧产物酸浸提取稀土、锂和氟

稀土电解熔盐渣经过氧化钙和硫酸铝协同焙烧活化得到焙烧渣,采用硫酸浸出高效提取焙烧渣中稀土、锂、氟,系统考察了不同酸浸条件对稀土、锂、氟浸出率的影响。针对较优酸浸条件下的浸出液,用硫酸钠沉淀析出稀土复盐沉淀,实现稀土分离。结果表明:较优酸浸条件为硫酸浓度4 mol/L、液固体积质量比10:1（单位:mL/g）、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间4 h,熔盐渣中镨、钕、钆、锂、氟的浸出率分别为95.83%、96.55%、93.06%、95.52%、94.85%。稀土复盐沉淀纯度高,稀土回收率达99.3%以上。该方法可以高效回收稀土熔盐电解渣中稀土、锂、氟有价元素,对提升稀土熔盐电解渣的全组分利用具有重要意义。      

从精矿浓硫酸焙烧水浸液中沉淀晶型碳酸稀土

:用碳酸氢铵沉淀法从包头稀土精矿浓硫酸焙烧水浸液中直接制得晶型混合碳酸稀土。对其进行了化学分析以及红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析。新工艺较原碱法氯化稀土生产碳酸稀土工艺 ,每吨产品成本下降 2 0 0 0元 ,稀土收率提高 1 1 %以上 ,克服了原工艺产品放射性物质 Ra超标有碍出口的弊病 ,产品质量优于法国罗纳公司订货要求 ,年产 2 0 0 0吨碳酸稀土生产线投产几年来运行良好。     

Effects of Lanthanum on Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities in Red Soil

The effects of La on some hydrolytic enzyme activities in red soil were studied in incubation and pet culture experiments. In the incubation experiment, La slightly stimulates the activities of urease and acidic phosphatase in soil and strongly stimulates sucrase activity in soil. In the pet culture experiment, La stimulates the activities of urease, acidic phosphatase and sucrase to different degrees. The stimulative effects of rare earth elements (REE) on hydrolytic enzyme activities in soil may result in increasing yield of eivps.