X波段低变频损耗混频器设计

采用商用肖特基势垒二极管HSMS-2822,研制了低变频损耗、高隔离度X波段单平衡混频器。为实现所需要的混频带宽,本振信号和射频信号采用三分支定向耦合器耦合输入,仿真研究表明其能有效地改善工作频率带宽,提高本振端口与射频端口间的隔离度。通过设计合理的空闲频率回收电路,回收利用空闲频率能量,能有效地降低混频器变频损耗,提高本振信号、射频信号及空闲频率信号到中频端口的隔离度。在10.6GHz,测得最小变频损耗5.67dB;在10～11.5GHz,混频器变频损耗为6.4±0.7dB,变频损耗平坦度好,RF-IF隔离度优于27dB,LO-IF隔离度高于24dB,LO-RF隔离度优于14dB。     

加窗短槽定向耦合器

在Riblet短槽定向耦合器中的耦合区加入金属谐振窗构成加窗短槽定向耦合器.通过优化谐振窗尺寸,可以有效降低回波损耗,为组建高性能功率合成网络提供便利.本文设计了工作波段为35±1GHz的3dB加窗短槽定向耦合器,回波损耗和隔离度小于-30dB,两个输出端口输出为-3±0.1dB;进一步设计了工作波段为35±1GHz 1:8加窗短槽定向耦合器网络,各端口回波损耗小于～20dB,8个输出端口输出为-9.15±O.15dB.     

Q 波段波导环形电桥的设计与实现

本文介绍了一种采用波导来实现的环形电桥的设计与实现方法。它是在基于微带环形电桥的奇偶模分析的基 础上,用矩形波导代替微带线,实现了Q 波段的环形电桥,环路电桥的输入输出端口均为BJ400 波导。其中为了改 善输入端口的反射,在输入端口的不连续性处加入了一个销钉,销钉的尺寸由HFSS 优化仿真确定。实测结果得到, 在43-46GHz 范围内,环形电桥的反射小于-20dB,输出端口的传输系数均大于-3.4dB,隔离度大于20dB。从测量结 果可以看出,与微带线的实现方式相比,波导环形电桥具有更小的传输损耗。     

W 波段单平衡混频器的设计

本文设计并制作了一种微带形式W 波段单平衡混频器。该混频器采用微带环形电桥结构,射频和本振信号分别从环形电桥的隔离端口由标准波导BJ-900 输入,经对脊鳍线微带波导过渡输入到微带电路,中频信号通过跳线方式连接并通过一段高阻抗线引出到输出口。该电路使用两只DMK2790 肖特基二极管制作在介电常数为2.2,厚度为0.127mm 的RT/Duriod5880 基片上,在固定本振94.5GHz,射频90GHz 到98GHz 范围内,变频损耗小于14.5dB。     

一种新型宽带平面和差网络

提出了一种新型的基于环形电桥结构的宽带平面和差网络。首先提出了一种新型的宽带微带/槽线转换结构,然后将该结构引入到传统的环形电桥结构中,优化设计了一种改进型环形电桥,最后采用四个改进的环形电桥构建了双平面和差网络。测试结果表明:在4.05～7.425GHz的频率范围内,八个端口的驻波均小于2,输入端口之间的隔离度均在20dB以上,输出端口之间的隔离度大于30dB,和端口的插入损耗小于0.5dB,差端口的零值深度小于-30dB。该和差网络具有性能优良、结构简单、制作成本低等优点,在宽频带单脉冲雷达天馈系统中得到了成功的应用。     

W波段单刀双掷开关

实现了一种采用微波开关（PIN）二极管设计的低插损、高隔离度的 W波段单刀双掷开关（SPDT）。电路采用了改进的 Y 型结和梳状线高通滤波器形式的鳍线结构,有效提高了端口隔离度,降低了插入损耗。仿真结果显示,导通端口在88 GHz～99 GHz内的插入损耗小于0.7 dB,断开端口隔离度大于58 dB。测试结果显示,在频段90 GHz～95 GHz内,输入端口与输出端口1之间的插入损耗低于3.7 dB、隔离度高于33 dB;输入端口与输出端口2之间的隔离度高于33 dB、插入损耗低于3.8 dB。     

一种新型毫米波8路功分器/合成器的设计

设计了一种Q波段8路功分器/合成器。利用波导功分器及微带功分器混合设计,提出了波导-微带4路功分器与3 dB Wilkinson电桥一体化设计思想,设计出一种较高隔离度,结构紧凑的新型8路功率分配器/合成器。通过高频电磁仿真软件(HFSS)仿真设计,在42 GHz~47 GHz频带范围内,8路分配器输出端口反射损耗优于-19 dB;8路输出端口的幅度不平衡度小于0.25 dB,相位不平衡度小于0.5o,插损小于0.25 dB;4个输出口之间的隔离度大于9 dB,是一种较为理想的8路功率分配器/合成器,在实际小体积高合成效率要求的固态功率合成领域,以及具有小体积的多路信道实现中,具有较高的应用价值。     

150 GHz低损耗Lange耦合器的设计

采用0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺,设计了一个中心频率为150 GHz的低损耗Lange耦合器。使用λ/4波长线为耦合线,4个端口采用50 Ω匹配线以降低回波损耗;为得到更好的插入损耗,在耦合器对应的地面打孔形成地面隔离带,有效降低了插入损耗。仿真结果表明,耦合器在中心频率150 GHz处,带宽20 GHz范围内的耦合度为3.5 dB,插入损耗小于0.6 dB,回波损耗与隔离度均小于-20 dB,相位误差在2°之内,耦合输出与直通输出幅值误差在0.1 dB以下。该Lange耦合器在D波段功率放大器、混频器、移相器等电路中有很好的应用前景。     

新型LTCC高隔离低插损3dB90°电桥设计

基于宽边耦合带状线结构,该文设计了一种基于低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)技术的高隔离低插损3 dB 90°电桥。该电桥使用螺旋耦合线有效地减小了器件尺寸,同时以对称式结构建模更便于后期的优化调整。在宽边螺旋耦合带状线垂直方向引入一个伸入式可调隔离电容,极大地提高了该电桥的隔离度,使其可达27 dB,且插入损耗≤0.2 dB,较之传统的定向耦合器结构,其在提升性能的同时大幅减小了器件尺寸。对耦合线直角拐弯处的电场强度进行分析与优化,采用45°斜切的方式使拐角处的电场强度与直线处大致相等。对上接地金属板进行环形镂空处理,这将改善带内的幅度平衡度。该文设计的3 dB 90°电桥通带为0.96~1.53 GHz,插入损耗≤0.2 dB,幅度平衡度≤±0.7 dB,相位平衡度为90°±1°,隔离度≥27 dB,其具有良好的应用市场。     

S／X双波段双极化共口径天线阵的设计

提出一种S/X双波段双极化共口径天线阵的新设计,以紧凑的三层结构实现了1:3的频率比.X波段采用双层贴片,并在下层贴片上开缝以提高其极化端口间的隔离度.S波段采用缝隙,刻蚀在X波段贴片的地板上,从而减少了阵列层数,简化了天线结构.仿真结果验证了本设计的有效性.X波段的相对阻抗带宽(S11≤-10dB)达15.5%(中心频率为9.6GHz),频带内隔离度大于25dB的带宽为1.2GHz,隔离度最大值达40dB.S波段为单层结构,相对阻抗带宽为5.5%(中心频率为3.3GHz).频带内隔离度优于27dB.试验阵列双波段交叉极化电平均低于-30dB.     

Short-slot Hybrid Coupler Using Linear Taper in W-band

-We have designed and fabricated a broadband short-slot hybrid coupler using a two-stage linear taper in W-band. The coupler consists of two metal pieces split at the edge of the narrow wall of the waveguide, which makes it possible to use simple direct machining for fabrication. The electrical performance of the coupler was measured by a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) at room temperature. The results showed excellent performance as designed: amplitude imbalance between the two output ports of ≤ 1 dB, phase difference between the output ports with respect to 90° < 3°, input return loss < –15 dB, and isolation < –15 dB across the measured frequency range of 85-110 GHz. The short-slot hybrid coupler was used in a balanced Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor (SIS) mixer at 4 K. The noise performance was almost the same as that of the two single-ended mixers used in the balanced mixer. These results indicate that our short-slot hybrid coupler has great potential for practical applications, such as at millimeter- and submillimeter-waves.     

小孔耦合型双通道太赫兹波导定向耦合器设计

提出了一种小孔耦合型双通道太赫兹波导定向耦合器,采用新颖的阶梯结构,将两个单通道耦合器结合,可在双通道内实现相同的耦合输出。研究结果表明,在180~260 GHz的频率范围内,该耦合器的耦合度为10 dB,输出最大误差小于1.6 dB,回波损耗大于25 dB,隔离度大于35 dB,相对带宽达到36%。与传统的太赫兹波导定向耦合器相比,该耦合器能够实现双通道的耦合输出,在太赫兹系统中可用于双通道的功率检测、功率合成与分配。     

A Strip-Line Directional Coupler Utilizing a Non-Homogeneous Dielectric Medium

A 3 dB directional coupler which utilizes nonhomogeneous dielectric media to produce different phase velocities for the even and odd modes of propagation is described. The two output ports are conductively connected to each other as are the input and null ports with dc isolation between the input and both output ports. Well known thin-film techniques can be used to realize the coupler. General coupler equations and design parameters are given along with computer solutions and experimental verification. A minimum return loss of 22 dB was experimentally achieved over a 20 percent bandwidth and 27 dB minimum return loss with equal isolation over the same bandwidth is predicted with the application of simple compensation techniques. It is shown that the coupler maybe used to effect an impedance transformation between the input and output ports; however, the isolation is degraded.     

Microstrip directional coupler with flat coupling and high isolation

Based on the open-circuited slotline to realise capacitive compensation, a microstrip directional coupler with high isolation is investigated. Meanwhile, by adding external matching networks at the input/output ports, bandwidth is enhanced and a flat coupling is obtained. Centred at 2.4 GHz, a 3 dB directional coupler is designed, fabricated and examined. Both simulated results and measured data are presented, and good agreement between them is observed     

A Novel 94-GHz MHEMT Resistive Mixer Using a Micromachined Ring Coupler

In this letter, we present a high performance 94-GHz millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit resistive mixer using a 70-nm metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (MHEMT) and micromachined ring coupler. A novel three-dimensional structure of a resistive mixer was proposed in this work, and the ring coupler with the surface micromachined dielectric-supported air-gap microstrip line structure was used for high local oscillator/radio frequency (LO–RF) isolation. Also, the LO–RF isolation was optimized through the simulation. The fabricated mixer has excellent LO–RF isolation, greater than 29 dB, in 2-GHz bandwidth of 93–95GHz. The good conversion loss of 8.9dB was measured at 94GHz. To our knowledge, compared to previously reported W-band mixers, the proposed MHEMT-based resistive mixer using a micromachined ring coupler has shown superior LO–RF isolation and conversion loss.     

A Novel 94-GHz MHMET-Based Diode Mixer Using a 3–dB Tandem Coupler

We report a high-performance 94-GHz monolithic millimeter-wave integrated-circuit diode mixer using metamorphic high-electron mobility transistor (MHEMT) diodes and a coplanar waveguide tandem coupler. A novel single-balanced structure of diode mixer is proposed in this paper, where a 3-dB tandem coupler with two sections of parallel-coupled line and air-bridge crossover structures are used for wide frequency operation. The fabricated mixer exhibits excellent local oscillator–radio-frequency (LO–RF) isolation, greater than 30 dB, in the 5-GHz bandwidth of 91–96 GHz. A good conversion loss of 7.4 dB is measured at 94 GHz. The proposed MHEMT-based diode mixer shows superior LO–RF isolation and conversion loss to those of the W-band mixers reported to date.      

W波段高功率铁氧体开关的研制

毫米波频段具有波长短、频率高、带宽宽等优势,毫米波器件的需求日益迫切。然而因要求小尺寸且 受限于工艺水平,毫米波器件实现难度大。文中将折叠双T、差相移段、电桥依次通过法兰级联的方式辅以控制电 路,实现了W 波段高功率铁氧体开关的切换;通过优化器件匹配结构,解决了加工精度受限问题;通过简化铁氧体样 品,在可操作范围内实现了90°差相移,最终实现了8 GHz 大带宽、单级损耗小于2 dB、驻波比小于1. 2、隔离度大于 13 dB、开关切换时间3 ms 左右的差相移式开关。对3 个单级开关进行级联、调试并改进控制电路,可在W 频 段8 GHz 的带宽内,实现驻波比小于1. 2、插入损耗小于5. 9 dB、隔离度大于52. 9 dB 的优良性能,接入雷达整 机后的开关时间为1. 5 ms,耐功率1. 2 kW。     

Super-Compact Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cruciform Directional Coupler

A super-compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) directional coupler is proposed and demonstrated. This coupler consists of a simple cross-over of two SIW sections with two inductive metallic posts in a square junction, showing a cruciform. Attractive features including compact size and planar form make this coupler structure easily integrable in microwave and millimeter-wave planar circuits, especially in beam-forming networks. A 3-dB coupler operating at 24GHz is designed using HFSS, fabricated and measured. Characteristics of 15dB isolation and 90deg phase shift between the output and coupled ports are achieved over 18% bandwidth. Design considerations and simulated as well as measured results are presented and discussed.     

一分二十微带Wilkinson功分器的设计

介绍了一种工作在S频段,一分二十的威尔金森功率分配器的设计方法,20个输出端口为1:1的等功率分配,系统阻抗为50 Ω。使用软件Advanced Design System 2009进行仿真,在2.17~2.20 GHz的工作频率内,表现出良好的电气性能,输入端口反射系数在-18 dB,该功分器的20个输出端口的相位和幅度具有良好的一致性,端口幅度平衡度为±0.3 dB,相位平衡度±2°,输出端口的隔离度在-25 dB以下。     

Optimum field theory design of broad-band E-plane branchguide phase shifters and 180° couplers

Optimum rectangular waveguide E-plane branch guide phase shifters and 180° branch guide couplers are designed with the rigorous method of field expansion into normalized eigenmodes. The design includes both the higher order mode interaction between the step discontinuities and the finite step and branch heights. The phase shifter design applies the Schiffman principle to branch guide couplers where two ports are short-circuited. The 180° coupler design combines the advantage of the broadband potential of multiple-branch couplers with the low-insertion-loss qualities of E-plane stub-loaded phase shifters. A computer-optimized phase shifter prototype for the waveguide Ku-band (12-18 GHz) shows a 90°±1° differential phase shift with reference to an empty waveguide within about 23% bandwidth. Five-branch three-stub coupler prototypes, designed for 3±0.2 dB coupling, for the waveguide Ku- and Ka-bands (26-40 GHz) achieve a 180°±1° differential phase shift at the output ports within about 19% bandwidth, as well as more than 30 dB isolation and return loss. The theory is verified by measured results