声表面波谐振器回波信号的频率估计

声表面波(SAW)谐振器测量技术能在高温、高压、强电磁辐射和强电磁干扰等恶劣环境下,实现无线无源的参数检测。针对声表面波谐振器回波信号的非平稳特点,该文提出一种回波信号的频率测量方法“数字频率有效位数跟进法”(DFSPT)。仿真结果表明,该方法与现有的基于傅里叶变换法(FFT)和奇异值分解法(SVD)的方法相比,其能根据信噪比的不同,自行确定数字频率有效数字的位数,提高了频率估计的精度和稳定性。无线SAW温度传感器实验表明,该方法的频率估计标准差小,鲁棒性高。     

提高声表面波传感器检测精度的方法

在利用声表面波(SAW)进行检测的系统中,回波相位解调的相位模糊严重影响检测精度。针对延迟线型声表面波温度传感器,理论分析表明,结合时延测量和相位测量的解调方法可唯一确定待测量;实验证明,在温度变化较大的范围内,该方法能解决相位模糊问题,检测精度可达0.5℃。     

声表面波温度传感器的仿真与设计

利用有限元软件COMSOL对声表面波温度传感器进行仿真。声表面波温度传感器基底材料为YX-切石英单晶,并在石英上镀ZnO薄膜,叉指换能器和反射栅采用铝电极。通过仿真研究了叉指换能器的高度、金属化率变化对声表面波温度传感器性能的影响,并根据仿真结果设计和制作了一种镀ZnO薄膜的SAW温度传感器。测试结果表明,制作的传感器灵敏度较高(8.8kHz/℃),误差小,具备良好的温度-频率特性。     

声表面波温度传感器的仿真与设计

利用有限元软件COMSOL对声表面波温度传感器进行仿真。声表面波温度传感器基底材料为YX-切石英单晶,并在石英上镀ZnO薄膜,叉指换能器和反射栅采用铝电极。通过仿真研究了叉指换能器的高度、金属化率变化对声表面波温度传感器性能的影响,并根据仿真结果设计和制作了一种镀ZnO薄膜的SAW温度传感器。测试结果表明,制作的传感器灵敏度较高(8.8kHz/℃),误差小,具备良好的温度-频率特性。     

一种用于图书档案库的小波加权式声表面波温度传感器的关键问题研究

本文提出把声表面波温度传感器用于图书档案库的温度控制系统中.当图书档案库中温度变化时,该温度传感器的输出频率与温度成线性关系,从而达到测量温度的目的.同时还提出将输入换能器变迹加权函数、换能器的指条数对声表面波功率的影响作为两个关键问题进行了研究,并且解决了这两个关键问题.在声表面波温度传感器的研究中,用小波函数对输入换能器进行变迹加权,导致于抑制了该温度传感器频率特性曲线的旁瓣.换能器的指条数越多,产生的体声波越弱(即换能器的指条数越多,产生的声表面波越强).只要换能器的指条数大于40条时,产生的体声波可以忽略,而产生的声表面波是很强的.并且对该温度传感器的设计、制作及实验进行了详细研究.     

声表面波气体传感器的检测优化设计

介绍了声表面波气体传感器的检测原理.设计了传感器的驱动电路,把声表面波器件作为反馈回路中的一个感抗元件,使回路产生振荡,同时检测输出频率和幅度的变化,比以往单一检测频率的变化,提高了检测精度.采用基底为ST切石英延迟线型结构,镀上金属氧化物,测试了对二氧化氮的敏感特性.由于气体和氧化物的相互作用,输出频率和幅度均下降.当把测试箱打开放出气体,频率很快恢复到初始频率点,而幅度基本保持平稳.     

聚酰亚胺覆盖层对LGS声表面波谐振器的影响

该文在硅酸镓镧(LGS)声表面波(SAW)谐振器上沉积了不同厚度的聚酰亚胺薄膜,研究了聚酰亚胺覆盖层对LGS声表面波谐振器的影响。结果表明,SAW谐振器表面沉积了聚酰亚胺薄膜后,器件的谐振频率向低频移动,且随着聚酰亚胺层厚度的增加,谐振器的谐振频率下降越大。SAW谐振器的一阶频率温度系数绝对值随着聚酰亚胺层厚度的增加而增大,且温度转变点向低温偏移。研究结果表明,覆盖聚酰亚胺层薄膜可以提高SAW谐振器的温度灵敏度,从而可应用于温度传感器中。     

基于双SAW谐振器的温度传感器设计

为解决声表面波(SAW)谐振器的频率温度特性呈非线性的问题,该文提出了一种利用两个SAW谐振器来设计具有线性输出的SAW温度传感器的方法。根据该方法设计了两个基于硅酸镓镧压电基片的SAW温度传感器,每个传感器由两个不同的SAW谐振器串联而成。实验结果表明,两个SAW传感器在室温～300℃的宽温度范围内均表现出很好的线性度。这种简单有效的设计方法具有实现宽温度范围测试的能力,可推广到其他具有较大二阶温度系数的SAW温度传感器的研发中。     

基于声表面波技术的飞机结冰预警系统研究

飞机结冰严重影响飞行安全,现有结冰传感器都只在飞机结冰后才进行告警。利用声表面波结冰传感器及声表面波温度传感器设计了飞机结冰预先告警系统。研究了声表面波结冰传感器的原理,并设计了传感器信号的告警逻辑关系,通过等效电路对无线声表面波冰传感器进行仿真。仿真结果表明,声表面波飞机结冰预警系统可用以降低结冰信号的虚警率。     

基于频率步进原理的声表面波射频标签的辨识

为降低声表面波(SAW)射频标签(RFID)系统对硬件模数转换器和天线开关速度及隔离度的要求,提出了频率步进原理声表面波射频标签的辨识。采用基于自回归模型的功率谱估计方法对回波信号进行了时频变换,通过对加入了噪声的系统回波信号进行仿真实验,验证了发射频率步进脉冲信号取代传统窄脉冲的可行性以及算法的高精度。同时也讨论了阅读器与标签之间不同距离、温度影响和相位噪声对标签解码的影响,提出了解决思路。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks