稻米质量安全追溯过程FMECA研究

针对基于RFID(射频识别)的稻米质量安全追溯系统这一复杂系统过程。用系统分析的方法将其划分为3个逻辑上个独立的流程和7个互有联系的功能环节(节点)。对该7个环节进行了FMECA(故障模式影响及危害性分析)分析。在确定FMECA风险模式的危害度时采用的是危险顺序数法(Risk Priority Number)。考虑到基于RFID的稻米质量安全追溯过程的特殊性,引入模糊综合评价方法并参照调查和历史数据分别计算了7个功能环节的RPN值。通过确定RPN,明确了稻米质量安全追溯过程中各环节出现风险的种类和发生概率,并提出预防的措施;量化了基于RFID稻米质量追溯过程的风险,使风险控制具有可操作性。     

进口燕窝溯源系统的构建和应用

随着食品贸易全球化和供应链的复杂化,监管全球食品供应链无疑是一项艰巨挑战。目前,一种由政府监管部门参与监督、各食品企业参与配合的第三方溯源服务系统,已逐渐成为监管制度的有效补充。基于我国与马来西亚、印度尼西亚等燕窝原产国输华燕窝双边议定书的签订,以及境外燕窝加工企业卫生注册工作的开展,中国检验检疫科学研究院(Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,CAIQ)开发了燕窝溯源管理服务平台,为获华注册的境外燕窝加工企业的输华燕窝提供溯源服务,输华燕窝的最小销售包装上均加贴CAIQ溯源标签,我国消费者可通过扫描溯源标签上的二维码或通过网站查询16位燕窝码,获得燕窝产品的燕屋、加工、出口、进口、经销各环节的全程追溯信息,为消费者识别和选购合法进口燕窝提供有效途径。CAIQ溯源系统是建立在进口注册和口岸检验检疫基础上的追溯系统,是搭载了质量信息的追溯系统。     

鳗鱼身份追溯系统的建立、应用及问题

目的 在出口鳗鱼生产企业中构建一个科学合理、完善的鳗鱼质量安全信息体系。方法 通过对鳗鱼生产供应链进行分析, 明确鳗鱼供应链的每个环节的参与者以及参与者之间需要保存和传递的产品质量安全控制信息, 通过计算机软件设计开发, 采集各环节关键的、可追溯的信息, 完成鳗鱼产品的跟踪与追溯。结果 在此基础上, 研究开发了符合出口鳗鱼产品生产实际的质量安全追溯系统, 应用于跟踪和追溯鳗鱼养殖、生产、销售过程。结论 阐述了该系统的作用、功能及在鳗鱼行业实施成效, 并分析了当前我国全面实施食品安全可追溯存在问题。     

二维码技术应用在农产品物流追溯系统中的分析和思考

现代农产品物流环节中,保证农产品的质量安全是非常有必要的。研究发现,建立农产品物流追溯系统,能够为其质量安全的保障提供技术方面支持。现阶段,二维码的发展使用极大的便利了人们的生活,本文就二维码在各种农产品物流追溯系统中的现状进行了分析与思考,并且评价了二维码使用的优缺点问题。在详细分析了二维码技术的相关特点之后,提出农产品物流追溯系统中二维码技术的应用可能会带来的问题,然后根据实际的使用情况,对二维码在物流追踪领域的发展前景进行了预想。     

基于区块链的粮油食品全供应链可信追溯模型

粮油食品是人类的生活必需品,其供应链安全直接关系着人民健康。粮油食品具有供应链复杂、循环周期长、风险因素多等特点,如何从生产、加工、储运、销售全供应链环节有效保障粮油食品安全,是国内外共同关注的难题。本研究基于区块链技术,构建了粮油食品全供应链可信追溯模型,以解决目前追溯系统的中心化结构严重、数据安全性低、存在信息孤岛等问题,保证全供应链环节数据安全可靠,追溯信息精确可信。在此基础上,设计了粮油食品全供应链可信追溯原型系统,并结合具体的应用场景和案例论证了设计方案的有效性和可行性。     

肉类食品安全追溯系统中的流程优化建模

质量安全追溯体系的建立是保证我国肉类食品安全的根本出路,肉类食品生产、加工工序复杂、繁多,影响了质量安全追溯信息的准确采集与传输.本文在对肉类食品供应链追溯单元识别与质量传递关系分析的基础上,确定了肉类食品供应链追溯单元的活动形式,以追溯单元的变迁过程为依据,对肉类食品追溯系统流程进行了优化,为追溯系统开发建立了基础.     

企业茶叶质量安全追溯系统的建立

目的 在企业中构建一个合理、完善的茶叶质量安全信息体系。方法 通过对茶叶生产供应链进行分析, 明确了茶叶供应链的每个环节的参与者以及参与者之间需要保存和传递的产品信息, 最终确定了需要哪些信息来完成茶叶产品的跟踪与追溯。结果与结论 在此基础上, 开发了符合企业生产实际的茶叶质量追溯体系系统的电子追溯平台, 应用于跟踪和追溯茶叶产品各生产过程, 实现了茶叶产品生产过程详细信息的保存并便于及时查询。该追溯体系目前仅限于对生产加工流程的追踪与溯源, 对茶叶产品销售过程的追溯将在未来得以完善。     

蔬菜供应链质量安全追溯平台研发与示范

针对当前我国大部分蔬菜质量安全追溯系统重复建设、功能单一,无法满足蔬菜供应链不同主体需求的现状,基于供应链视角,研发了蔬菜供应链质量安全追溯平台并进行了平台示范应用。平台将蔬菜供应链中分散的质量安全数据统一整合和管理,实现蔬菜跨种类、跨区域、跨供应链的质量追溯,同时面向蔬菜供应链上下游企业、监管部门和消费终端提供标准化的数据接口和第三方服务。     

基于数据库技术构建茶叶全产业链质量可追溯体系应用研究

目的设计开发基于数据库技术的茶叶质量安全追溯系统,并在云南双江勐库茶叶有限责任公司实际运用实施。方法通过对公司茶叶产业链分析,运用数据库技术,建立包括茶园原料基地管理、原料采购管理、精加工管理、库存管理、销售管理等不同权限的登录终端的追溯平台手机APP以及相对应电脑数据库,并将该追溯信息采集系统在企业生产链各部门实际运用。结果企业生产链上各部门通过追溯信息采集系统,打通了生产链上各环节信息壁垒,形成了全产业链中的信息链并进行长效监控体系。结论通过追溯系统的建立,实现了原料端、生产端、运输端、流通端到终端等环节的无缝连接,提高了生产效率,确保了产品质量。     

环球速递

美国利用手机二维码构建食品安全可追溯系统目前,美国多家公司利用手机二维码技术,构建食品安全可追溯系统。消费者利用智能手机扫描产品包装上的二维码,就可获取食品的生产时间、产地、农场的信息,甚至食品的召回信息。同时,商家可以利用二维码追溯系统,了解消费者对产品的反馈情况,拉近与消费者的距离。点评:听说上海市也已经有类似追溯系统,只是覆盖面还不够广,希望今后能在更多地方看到。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发,介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.