南瓜护色工艺的研究

南瓜含有多种生理活性物质,将南瓜进行深加工,不仅可提高南瓜的附加值,同时也可最大限度地保留南瓜的营养成分,但南瓜易变色,从而影响其深加工。为此,以新鲜南瓜为原料,以多酚氧化酶活性(PPO)和色差△E为指标,研究热烫与护色剂(包括柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、L-半胱氨酸)对南瓜的护色效果,通过正交实验找出最佳的护色方案。结果表明,热烫与护色剂相结合使用时,可获得较好的护色效果,其最佳方案为:0.15%的抗坏血酸,0.15%的L-半胱氨酸,1.0%的柠檬酸,热烫温度95℃,热烫时间3min,切分厚度6mm。在此条件下南瓜中的PPO相对活性仅为13.25%,而色差仅为2.91,有效抑制了南瓜的褐变。     

香蕉粉的制备工艺优化研究

以香蕉为原料,通过正交试验优化护色液配比,采用离心喷雾干燥法生产香蕉粉。最佳护色液配比为:0.32%柠檬酸、0.06% VC、0.32%β-环状糊精和0.01%植酸。喷雾干燥最佳工艺条件为:20.0%麦芽糊精和10.0%白砂糖为混合添加剂,进口温度200℃,出口温度80℃。所制备的香蕉粉呈浅黄色,保持原果肉颜色,气味芳香,亲水性好。     

香蕉脆片的研制

以香蕉为主要原料，经护色、冷冻、酒精浸泡等处理措施，采用常压油炸法而制成色泽金黄，气味浓郁、松脆可口的香蕉脆片。设备简易，投资少，成本低，为乡镇企业加工香蕉提供了宝贵的技术资料。     

脱水甘蓝护色工艺的优化

甘蓝在干燥过程中叶绿素含量降低,产品感官品质下降。采用正交试验方法优化脱水甘蓝护色工艺,以期提高脱水甘蓝的感官品质。正交试验以叶绿素残留率为指标,优化最佳护色工艺。结果显示,采用浓度为1%的Na2CO3溶液浸泡15min,100℃热烫1.5min,脱水甘蓝叶绿素保存率为52.3%,此时过氧化物酶相对酶活小于5%,可以有效保持甘蓝的原有颜色。     

澄清香蕉汁加工工艺研究

应用正交实验设计，研究了不同酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度对香蕉汁澄清度影响，结合得率，采用淀粉酶和果胶酶在不同阶段添加共同作用；同时，为了减少杀菌时褐变加速和营养成分损失，采用几种不同杀菌方法进行了对比研究。实验结果表明：较佳护色处理是在热烫前用0．5％柠檬酸溶液浸泡，打浆时添加异抗坏血酸0．1％。最佳酶解条件是添加0．3％的淀粉酶在55℃下作用30min后得到粗酶液；得到的粗酶液再用果胶酶酶解，反应温度45℃，酶用量0．04％，反应时间为90min。高温瞬时121℃，10s的杀菌方法，能够有效防止褐变和保持香蕉汁中营养成分，由此改善了香蕉汁加工的澄清工艺。     

香蕉汁生产过程中褐变控制和超滤工艺的研究

采用超滤膜生产澄清香蕉汁,选用膜分子量30000μ的复合膜,超滤膜分离;操作压力为0．7MPa·s时,膜通量达到最大值24．5L／m^2·h。护色工艺试验表明,热烫后加入0．15％半胱氨酸和0．25％柠檬酸,得到的香蕉汁澄清无褐色。     

低温肉制品护色研究

低温肉制品在储存或销售过程中，易因光照和氧化而褪色。通过对几种护色剂单体及复配体对肉制品的护色效果研究，获得了一种高效的复合护色剂，它可以使低温肉制品存储一个月仍保留有一定的红色，外观尚可。     

香蕉干片的研制

以香蕉为原料,经过热烫,浸泡,护色,烘干等主要工序,制成风味良 好的香蕉干片,试验中护色始终贯彻整个工艺过程中,以保持良好的外观。     

天然香蕉果奶

本文报道香蕉果奶的制作工艺,研究防止香蕉果肉褐变的方法,探讨果奶的稳定性,从而开发出奶类新产品。     

低糖香蕉果脯加工工艺研究

本研究的低糖香蕉果脯降低了甜度，减少果脯含糖量，主要解决护色、防腐保质和形态干缩的问题。本文还对产品的感官指标进行模糊数字综合评判，认为产品受到品尝者的欢迎。     

巧克力专用油脂在烘焙和冰淇淋涂层食品中的应用与发展

巧克力涂层与烘焙类、冰淇淋类等食品的复合型产品一直以来都广受消费者欢迎。而不同的食品类别对涂层巧克力专用油脂的性能和品质要求不同。本文分别对巧克力专用油脂在烘焙和冰淇淋两大涂层类食品中的应用进行分析和探讨,并展望了巧克力涂层专用油脂未来的发展趋势。      

Explaining tolerance for bitterness in chocolate ice cream using solid chocolate preferences

Chocolate ice cream is commonly formulated with higher sugar levels than nonchocolate flavors to compensate for the inherent bitterness of cocoa. Bitterness, however, is an integral part of the complex flavor of chocolate. In light of the global obesity epidemic, many consumers and health professionals are concerned about the levels of added sugars in foods. Once a strategy for balancing undesirable bitterness and health concerns regarding added sugars has been developed, the task becomes determining whether that product will be acceptable to the consumer. Thus, the purpose of this research was to manipulate the bitterness of chocolate ice cream to examine how this influences consumer preferences. The main goal of this study was to estimate group rejection thresholds for bitterness in chocolate ice cream, and to see if solid chocolate preferences (dark vs. milk) generalized to ice cream. A food-safe bitter ingredient, sucrose octaacetate, was added to chocolate ice cream to alter bitterness without disturbing other the sensory qualities of the ice cream samples, including texture. Untrained chocolate ice cream consumers participated in a large-scale sensory test by indicating their preferences for blinded pairs of unspiked and spiked samples, where the spiked sample had increasing levels of the added bitterant. As anticipated, the group containing individuals who prefer milk chocolate had a much lower tolerance for bitterness in their chocolate ice cream compared with the group of individuals who prefer dark chocolate; indeed, the dark chocolate group tolerated almost twice as much added bitterant in the ice cream before indicating a significant preference for the unspiked (control) ice cream. This work demonstrates the successful application of the rejection threshold method to a complex dairy food. Estimating rejection thresholds could prove to be an effective tool for determining acceptable formulations or quality limits when considering attributes that become objectionable at high intensities.     

巧克力粟米条的研制

将挤压膨化技术与巧克力涂层技术相结合,对膨化巧克力粟米条的工艺流程、技术操作要点及生产中质量控制方法进行了研究,成功的制作出了巧克力粟米条。      

复配乳化剂对月桂酸型代可可脂巧克力物化性质影响研究

通过制备添加由磷脂、单甘油脂、Span 60两两复配(1∶3/1∶1/3∶1,w/w)月桂酸型代可可脂(CBS)模型巧克力,研究添加复配乳化剂对CBS巧克力物化性质影响。结果表明,复配乳化剂种类和添加量均对CBS巧克力物性产生显著影响;其中,磷脂/Span 60复配添加使巧克力表面WI值增加趋势延缓,具有较好延缓起霜作用。     

复合护色液对鲜切莲藕护色效果研究

采用不同的护色剂组合对鲜切莲藕进行护色处理,并在8℃条件下进行贮藏试验。结果表明:(1)对鲜切莲藕褐变抑制的最佳因子组合为EDTA浓度为0.25%、Vc浓度为0.1%、草酸浓度为0.25%、半胱氨酸浓度为0.7%、处理时间为8min。经过该护色处理的鲜切莲藕,在整个试验期间内,色白,无褐变现象产生;(2)鲜切莲藕在贮藏期间褐变度和多酚氧化酶活性具有很强的相关关系,多酚氧化酶活性上升时,莲藕的褐变度增加速度较快,其活性下降时,褐变度增加有所减缓。     

大豆磷脂冰激凌的研制

介绍了大豆磷脂的生理功能和功能作用,以大豆磷脂再加复合稳定剂,制备的冰激凌,性能良好,营养丰富。     

香蕉皮热烫防褐变工艺条件的研究

采用L9(34)正交实验研究了热烫处理中热烫温度、热烫时间、热烫固液比以及柠檬酸添加量对香蕉皮浆液褐变度和皮中多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的影响。正交实验结果表明,香蕉皮热烫处理的优化条件为:热烫温度为100℃、热烫时间为5min、热烫固液比为1∶6、加酸量为0.6%。在此条件下对香蕉皮进行热烫处理验证实验,测得香蕉皮浆液褐变度为0.117,香蕉皮中PPO酶活为16U,对香蕉皮的加工过程中控制褐变有明显效果。      

火龙果果汁饮料护色工艺

选用D-异抗坏血酸钠、茶多酚、VE、无水亚硫酸钠和植酸5种抗氧化剂为护色剂进行试验,通过火龙果汁色泽的保持率,评判其护色效果,同时对3种灭菌方式进行对比研究。实验结果表明:煮沸灭菌结合添加D-异抗坏血酸钠的护色效果最佳,当D-异抗坏血酸钠的添加量为0.013%时,保持率为最大达到77.42%。     

Ability of crystal promoters to delay fat bloom development in heat‐resistant compound chocolate with or without the presence of crystal inhibitor

Three additives that acted as crystal promoters (CP1, CP2 and CP3), at varying concentrations, were studied to determine their effect on fat bloom inhibition in heat‐resistant compound chocolates. CP1 was composed of mono‐ and diglycerides and polyglycerol esters from high‐oleic sunflower oil. CP2 consisted of mono‐ and diglycerides, lecithin and citric acid esters from blended canola oil and palm stearin. CP3 was composed of triglycerides from fully hydrogenated canola oil. Based on instrumental and sensory evaluations, all crystal promoters significantly (P ≤ 0.05) delayed fat bloom formation. Although compound chocolate with 0.25% CP1 showed more rapid bloom development than those with CP2 and CP3, addition of the crystal inhibitor sorbitan tristearate (STS) to the sample at 0.5% concentration further delayed (P ≤ 0.05) fat bloom development. The considerable delay in fat bloom formation suggests that the addition of carefully selected crystal modifier additives can improve the quality of heat‐resistant compound chocolates.