黄原胶寡糖对野油菜黄单胞菌的抑菌性能研究

碱性条件下对黄原胶进行氧化降解,透析得到三种黄原胶寡糖(XGO-A,XGO-B和XGO-C),对产物进行FT-IR表征,GPC法测定其分子量分别为3600、7500和10100。三种黄原胶寡糖的丙酮酸含量分别为5.7%、5.3%和4.8%;还原糖含量分别为23.7%、22.5%和21.1%。采用琼脂平板打孔法、最低抑菌浓度以及生长曲线方法,考察了三种黄原胶寡糖对野油菜黄单胞菌的抑菌能力;同时检测了三种寡糖对野油菜黄单胞菌细胞膜通透性的影响。结果表明,分子量为7500的XGO-B具有更好的抑菌性能。而当丙酮酸和还原糖含量相近时,对野油菜黄单胞菌的抑菌性能可能与黄原胶寡糖的分子量有关;随着分子量的上升,寡糖对野油菜黄单胞菌细胞膜破坏增强,这表明破坏细胞膜通透性是抑菌机理之一。     

一株野油菜黄单胞菌产黄原胶的性质

通过发酵一株野油菜黄单胞菌得到黄原胶,进而测定该黄原胶在不同质量浓度、pH值、氯化钠质量浓度、温度下黏度变化,分析黄原胶流变特性、丙酮酸质量分数和黏均分子质量。结果表明：本实验菌株的黄原胶产量达到28.4 g/L,黄原胶黏度在质量浓度高于4.0 g/L时迅速升高,黄原胶黏度在pH 3.0～10.0之间稳定。氯化钠质量浓度由10 g/L增加到70 g/L时,使1.0 g/L黄原胶黏度提高20%,而温度高于35 ℃时使1.0 g/L黄原胶黏度降低。黄原胶的丙酮酸质量分数达到6.35%,黏均分子质量为5.7×106 D。1.0 g/L黄原胶的稠度系数和流体指数分别为26.94和0.765 5,5.0 g/L黄原胶的稠度系数和流体指数分别为489.65和0.328 1。研究表明该株野油菜黄单胞菌具有较大的潜在应用价值。     

携氧剂(正十二烷)对黄原胶发酵的影响

黄原胶(XanthanGum)是由野油菜黄单胞菌(Xanthomonascampestris)以碳水化合物为主要底物,经发酵产生的一种酸性胞外杂多糖。其发酵中后期黏度增大,氧的溶解能力下降,从而影响了黄原胶的产量。研究黄原胶生物合成过程中,烷烃对提高供氧、提高产胶率的影响,同时电镜观察不同发酵时期野油菜黄单胞菌的产胶情况。试验结果表明:8%为最适正十二烷添加量,产胶率达4.16%而对照样仅为2.15%。     

毕赤酵母中内切β-1,4葡聚糖酶的表达及共培养制备低分子质量黄原胶

低分子质量黄原胶具有抑菌、益生及抗氧化等多种生物活性，因此通过水解制备低分子质量黄原胶具有广阔应用前景。该研究将来源于绵羊瘤胃元基因组的内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶首次在毕赤酵母中表达，其在pH 7.0和75℃下发挥最佳作用，并有较高的pH和温度稳定性。此后，建立了毕赤酵母和野油菜黄单胞菌的共培养体系并对发酵条件进行优化，其中野油菜黄单胞菌生成的黄原胶可以被毕赤酵母分泌的内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶直接降解产生低分子质量黄原胶。摇瓶水平下，共培养体系中总糖最高为11.4 g/L,水解产物中重均分子质量为2 500 Da的低分子质量黄原胶达到93.79%。该研究为功能性低分子质量黄原胶的工业化生产提供了一个潜在的策略。     

黄原胶及其在食品工业上的应用

<正> 黄原胶亦称黄单胞细菌多糖。美国称Xanthan gum(简称Xc)。 一、历史 已证明自然界中存在有许多种黄单胞细菌属细菌。伯爵氏手册第八版记载有已命名的158个种和尚待命名的44个种黄单胞菌。然而,其中仅有少数的几个种是黄原胶生产菌株,如野油菜黄单胞菌(亦名甘兰黑腐病黄单胞菌,Xanthomonas campestris)。菜豆黄单胞菌(X.phaseoli)、锦葵黄单胞菌(X.malvacearum)和胡萝卜黄单胞菌(X.carotae)可有效地产生黄原胶。     

黄原胶的性能及其在食品中的应用

<正>黄原胶英文名Xanthan gom.它是由野油菜黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas campestris)以碳水     

固态发酵生产黄原胶的研究

利用琼脂和啤酒糟为基质,加入营养液培养野油菜黄单胞菌生产黄原胶。研究了培养基组分、基质含水率、培养时间及培养基厚度对黄原胶产量的影响。结果表明,琼脂表面培养生产黄原胶的浓度3%~3.5%,与液体深层培养相当。蔗糖和黄豆饼粉分别是生产黄原胶最适碳源和氮源。基质含水率达到75%时,培养基厚度为6cm时发酵5d,黄原胶产量最大,为35.3g/kg。     

黄原胶琥珀酸衍生物的抗氧化活性

黄原胶寡糖与琥珀酸酐反应,得到3种衍生物XGOSSA-1、XGOSSA-2和XGOSSA-3,对产物进行FT-IR表征,GPC法测定其相对分子质量分别为7 560、6 400和7 430,3种衍生物的丙酮酸质量分数分别为4.6%、4.9%和4.9%,还原糖质量分数分别为20.5%、19.4%和19.0%,取代度分别为0.18、0.32和0.43。考察3种衍生物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基、DPPH自由基和过氧化氢的清除活性以及还原能力。3种衍生物的抗氧化强弱顺序为:XGOSSA-1XGOSSA-2XGOSSA-3。即当相对分子质量,还原糖和丙酮酸质量分数相近时,随着取代度的升高,抗氧化能力下降。造成这种现象的原因可能是随着取代度增大,活性羟基数目减少,导致抗氧化性能降低。     

混合烷烃对野油菜黄单胞菌合成黄原胶的影响

本实验研究野油菜黄单胞菌以玉米淀粉作为碳源进行黄原胶生物合成过程中,添加作为携氧剂的混合烷烃对提高产胶率的影响,同时电镜观察不同发酵时期野油菜黄单胞菌的产胶情况。在摇瓶发酵的基础上,进行发酵罐实验。添加8%混合烷烃发酵66h后,黄原胶产胶率和碳源转化率明显提高。结果显示:摇瓶发酵产胶率可达3.84%(对照组为2.58%),碳源转化率为76.8%(对照组为51.6%);发酵罐产胶率可达4.18%(对照组为2.90%),碳源转化率为83.6%(对照组为58.0%)。     

食品添加剂——黄原胶

<正> 在自然界中有许多细菌都能产生粘多糖类大分子化合物,黄原胶是其中的一种。它是由一种植物病害——甘兰黑腐病产生的,其菌种为野油菜黄单胞菌。黄原胶就是用此菌种以淀粉的原料发酵生产的。黄原胶理化性状独特,耐酸,碱、热,抗生物酶的降解。耐高盐环境,抗污染力强,增稠性、流变性、乳化稳定性和悬浮能力良好。它     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press