戊糖乳杆菌S1-4产抑菌物质发酵条件的优化及其抑菌谱

通过单因素及正交试验对戊糖乳杆菌S1-4产抑菌物质的发酵条件进行了优化,并其对敏感菌株的抑菌效果进行了探讨。结果表明,戊糖乳杆菌S1-4产抑菌物质的最佳培养条件为：接种量2.0%,培养基初始pH 5.5,32 ℃培养26 h,其抑菌圈平均直径可达（30.08±0.69） mm,优化前其抑菌圈平均直径为（24.41±0.25）mm,优化后抑菌活性提高了0.23 倍。菌株S1-4所产抑菌物质对所试12 种G＋和G－致病菌的生长都起到抑制作用,呈现出较广谱的抑菌特性。因此,菌株S1-4具有可作为食品生物防腐剂的潜在应用价值。     

一株产广谱细菌素乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

为获得产广谱细菌素的乳酸菌,采用经典的乳酸菌筛选法及16S rRNA基因序列测定法,从传统酸白菜中分离乳酸菌并进行菌种鉴定,从蛋白酶稳定性、热稳定性、pH值稳定性和抑菌谱4个方面分析抑菌物质的生物学特性。结果表明,从传统酸白菜中分离出1株产抑菌活性物质的乳酸菌SY5,经鉴定为戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)。将发酵上清用蛋白酶K和胃蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性丧失,表明抑菌活性物质具有蛋白质性质,确定为细菌素。生物学特性分析表明,该细菌素在120℃热处理30 min后仍保留82.7%的抑菌活性,pH值范围为2～7。抑菌谱测定结果表明,该细菌素对多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有较好的抑制效果,具有广谱抑菌活性。     

具有抑菌活性植物乳杆菌的筛选及抑菌物质特性的研究

该研究通过牛津杯双层平板法,从分离自四川泡菜的114株植物乳杆菌中筛选对大肠杆菌O157:H7具有较强拮抗活性的菌株,并对其所产抑菌物质的特性进行了初步的研究。结果表明：114株植物乳杆菌的上清液均可抑制大肠杆菌,其中16株菌的上清液经排酸后仍有抑菌作用,并且抑菌作用不受过氧化氢酶影响,经蛋白酶处理后大幅降低甚至消失;在进一步筛选中发现植物乳杆菌IMAU80122所产抑菌物质具有耐酸（pH 3）、耐弱碱（pH 8）的特性,在80℃具有一定的稳定性,对不同的表面活性剂、有机溶剂、金属离子、盐浓度、紫外照射时间都具有良好的耐受性;对G^-菌株的抑菌活性强于G⁺菌株,但对供试的乳酸菌没有作用。综上所述,植物乳杆菌IMAU80122所产抑菌物质具有蛋白性质,不仅抑菌活性强,而且具有良好的稳定性和广谱抑菌效果,在食品加工和医药行业中具有一定的开发应用潜能。     

1株产广谱细菌素乳酸菌的筛选及其抑菌物质的特性

从植物性材料中筛选到1株对大肠杆菌有明显抑制作用的乳酸菌,在排除有机酸和过氧化氢的干扰后,该菌株的发酵上清液仍有较强的抑菌性;胃蛋白酶处理后,抑菌活性明显降低,说明其抑菌物质为蛋白质类物质,是一种细菌素。通过形态学和生理生化分析,初步鉴定该菌株为植物乳杆菌。生物学特性研究表明,该菌株发酵上清液经高温、吐温-80、SDS、EDTA处理后,仍保持较好的抑菌活性;在酸性条件下稳定;对蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶较胃蛋白酶敏感。抑菌谱显示,该菌株的发酵上清液具有广谱抑菌性。     

产抗菌肽乳源乳酸菌的筛选及定向培养

为了获得乳酸菌高效表达抗菌肽的代谢调控方法,对德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种等7种乳酸菌进行了产抗菌肽能力的筛选和定向培养。筛选出具有较高抑菌活性的菌株嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌,它们产生的抑菌物质经排除酸、过氧化氢后,仍具有抑菌活性,然而经蛋白酶处理后其抑菌活性明显下降。结果表明,两种菌发酵上清液对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有抑制作用。经一系列定向培养嗜酸乳杆菌抑菌直径达到(23.53±0.06)mm,与未经定向培养的抑菌直径(11.63±0.15)mm相比抑菌活性提高了102%;经定向培养的干酪乳杆菌抑菌直径达到(21.27±0.25)mm,与未经定向培养的抑菌直径(12.50±0.10)mm相比抑菌活性提高了70.2%。     

产乳酸菌素菌株的筛选鉴定及其特性分析

本实验对广西巴马村天然发酵米粉中的乳酸菌进行分离鉴定,筛选出一株具有抑菌活性的植物乳杆菌M44,并研究了其所产乳酸菌素的基本性质。采用微生物形态学和16S r DNA序列分析法鉴定菌株M44为植物乳杆菌,其发酵上清液具有抑菌活性,抑菌物质确定为蛋白类。采用盐析法粗提所产乳酸菌素,确定最佳硫酸铵沉淀浓度为60%。由乳酸菌素产量与菌株生长的关系实验得出乳酸菌素的最佳收获时间为发酵培养12 h。管碟法抑菌实验表明,该乳酸菌素在p H范围2~8时有良好的抑菌活性;121℃处理15 min后仍具有抑菌活性;胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶处理后抑菌性消失;对单核增生李斯特细菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌,金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用。该乳酸菌素为天然生物防腐剂的开发与应用提供了研究基础。     

具有抑霉菌作用乳杆菌抑菌物质特性研究

从内蒙古传统发酵食品中筛选出2株对霉菌具有较强抑制作用的乳杆菌ALAC-1和ALAC-4。研究了2株菌代谢产生抑菌活性物质的特性,并测定其对黄曲霉的最低抑菌浓度。结果表明,2株菌所产抑菌物质经排酸和过氧化氢酶处理后,对霉菌仍具有一定的抑制作用,且活性物质对热有良好稳定性。经胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、蛋白酶K处理后,活性物质对霉菌的抑制作用明显下降,抑菌物质对蛋白酶敏感,即抑菌物质中存在蛋白类物质。ALAC-1和ALAC-4对黄曲霉的最低抑菌浓度分别为62.50 mg/m L和31.25 mg/m L。     

1株产乳酸菌素植物乳杆菌的鉴定及功能研究

乳酸菌素是一种天然生物防腐剂。本试验鉴定了1株产乳酸菌素的植物乳杆菌并研究其所产乳酸菌素的理化性质。采用16S r RNA序列分析法鉴定菌株LD-1为植物乳杆菌,其发酵上清液具有抑菌活性。采用吸附法粗提所产乳酸菌素,经Tricine-SDS-PAGE分析其分子质量在4.6~6.5 ku之间。由乳酸菌素产量与乳酸菌生长的关系试验得出乳酸菌素的最佳收获时间为发酵培养14 h。管碟法抑菌试验表明,该乳酸菌素抑菌活性的最适p H范围为2~8;100℃处理90 min后抑菌活性仍很明显;对胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K敏感,在人体内可被消化吸收;对单核增生李斯特细菌、粪肠球菌、大肠杆菌、都柏林沙门氏菌有较强的抑制作用。该乳酸菌素为开发抑菌谱广的天然生物防腐剂提供研究基础。     

产抑菌物质乳酸菌的筛选及其抑菌特性研究

目的 本文旨在筛选具有广谱抑菌活性的乳酸菌,为其在食品保鲜中的应用奠定基础。方法 以MRS和M17为培养基,对韩国传统泡菜中乳酸菌进行分离鉴定,通过琼脂孔扩散法筛选具有广谱抑菌活性的乳酸菌,并分析它的耐酸、耐胆盐能力,以及对温度、pH、发酵时间的敏感性。结果 以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、枯草芽孢杆菌为指示菌进行抑菌活性筛选,获得一株抑菌效果最佳的植物乳杆菌PC4-5。植物乳杆菌PC4-5在酸性条件（pH=2）处理2 h后存活率达到43.79%,0.5%胆盐处理2 h后存活率达到21.02%,说明植物乳杆菌PC4-5具有较好的耐酸、耐胆盐能力。经排酸排过氧化氢试验后,发酵上清依然保留抑菌活性,蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性丧失,表明该抑菌物质为细菌素。该细菌素在pH为2-6的范围有抑菌能力,且有较好热稳定性。结论 植物乳杆菌PC4-5适用于酸性食品的防腐保存,在食品保鲜中的应用有较大的潜力。     

植物乳杆菌C8-1产类细菌素的初步研究

从发酵2周的泡菜中分离到66株乳杆菌,以其中4株乳杆菌作为出发菌株进行紫外诱变处理得到一株产类细菌素的突变株C8-1。基于细胞形态、生理生化和16S rDNA测序数据,菌株C8-1被鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。菌株C8-1所产的类细菌素具有较宽的抑菌谱,能够抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等多种食品腐败菌和致病菌;有较好的热稳定性,在4℃冷藏5 d和-20℃冷冻5d以及60,80,100℃和121℃分别加热15 min,活性损失均不超过6%;且抑菌活性随pH值增大逐步降低,当pH≥6时,抑菌活性消失,对胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶耐受性较强,对胰蛋白酶较为敏感。这些数据表明,产类细菌素的植物乳杆菌C8-1在食品加工中具有进一步地潜在应用价值。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the