两种特异性氰戊菊酯人工抗原的合成与鉴定

选择化学结构具有典型研究意义的氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate,Fen)为研究对象,利用有机化学合成法在氰戊菊酯分子的一端分别引入两种不同连接长度的连接臂。通过核磁共振(1H-NMR)、液相色谱-质谱联用仪(LC-MS-MS)鉴定,成功合成两种半抗原Fen1和Fen2,并与牛血清蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)偶联合成了两种氰戊菊酯免疫特异性人工抗原Fen1-BSA、Fen2-BSA,经紫外分光光度仪扫描,人工抗原的紫外图谱相对于半抗原和载体蛋白有明显差异,测得偶联比分别约为9:1和10:1,经SDS-PAGE电泳检测表明偶联成功。     

盐酸西布曲明人工抗原的合成与鉴定

目的：建立盐酸西布曲明的免疫分析方法。方法：4-氯苯乙腈和1, 3-二溴丙烷为原料合成与盐酸西布曲明具有相同母核结构的小分子双去甲基西布曲明(M2),以双去甲基西布曲明为半抗原,并分别通过活泼酯法、戊二醛法和混合酸酐法将半抗原与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联制备免疫原(M2-BSA)和包被抗原(M2-OVA)。结果：紫外光谱扫描证明半抗原M2与载体蛋白偶联比为24.6:1(M2-BSA)和16.2:1(M2-OVA),抗血清ELISA效价均达到1:8000以上,IC50=0.42μg/mL。结论：半抗原M2与载体蛋白均已成功偶联,其中活泼酯法对半抗原活性基团的影响最小,合成人工抗原的特异性最强。     

呋喃唑酮代谢物人工抗原的制备及鉴定

在催化剂条件下,以碳酸二甲酯和乙醇肼为原料,四氢呋喃为溶剂,合成了高收率的呋喃唑酮代谢物3-氨基-2-恶唑烷酮(AOZ)。实验结果表明,得到的AOZ收率可达到82.7%,此时的最佳反应条件如下:催化剂用量12%,反应温度75℃,反应时间3h。随后对AOZ进行结构改造,得到AOZ半抗原衍生物,同时采用戊二醛法将AOZ及其半抗原衍生物与活化的卵血清蛋白(cOVA)和牛血清白蛋白(cBSA)交联,成功制备了免疫原和包被原;通过气相质谱联用仪(GC-MS)、元素分析、紫外分光光度计等手段对半抗原和完全抗原进行鉴定。GC-MS结果证明了AOZ的成功合成;元素分析数据表明,半抗原顺利合成;紫外扫描数据显示,半抗原与cOVA、cBSA偶联成功,免疫原I、免疫原Ⅱ的偶联比分别为16.74和24.05。     

新型氨基甲酸乙酯人工抗原的制备与表征

目的合成新型氨基甲酸乙酯(ethylcarbamate,EC)人工抗原并对其效果进行表征分析。方法用4-(二苯基羟甲基)苯甲酸对EC衍生化合成半抗原,用核磁氢谱(proton nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR)、核磁碳谱和质谱法(massspectrometry,MS)对其结构进行表征;用活化酯法将EC半抗原与牛血清蛋白(bovine serum albumin, BSA)偶联得到EC人工抗原。用紫外光谱和荧光光谱法对人工抗原进行表征并计算偶联比,用考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白含量,间接竞争酶联免疫法鉴定其免疫活性。结果 EC半抗原结构与理论结构一致,半抗原与BSA成功偶联,偶联比为13:1,冻干粉的蛋白含量为0.695 mg/mg,用该新型人工抗原免疫小鼠,得到的抗血清效价为1:10000,且特异性较好。结论该新型氨基甲酸乙酯半抗原具有较好的免疫活性。     

孔雀石绿多克隆抗体的制备与筛选

设计并成功合成了三种孔雀石绿半抗原,所有半抗原均采用活化酯法分别与血匙兰蛋白(KLH)偶联制备成免疫抗原,与卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联制备成包被抗原。利用所制备的三种免疫原免疫新西兰大耳白兔都获得了高效价的抗孔雀石绿抗体,并将每一种抗体都与三种包被抗原进行组合配对,通过间接竞争酶联免疫吸附检测(ELISA)方法筛选出最佳的抗体-包被抗原组合,筛选出的抗体采用Sepharose FF-Protein A亲和层析柱纯化,采用间接ELISA法测定效价及鉴定特异性。经测定筛选出的抗体效价达到1:12000,IC50值为0.65 ng/mL,交叉反应表明该抗体有较好的特异性,与结构类似物结晶紫的交叉反应率为18.73%,与隐性孔雀石绿及隐性结晶紫的交叉反应率低于10%。本研究为建立快速检测食品中孔雀石绿残留的免疫分析方法奠定了基础。     

酸性橙Ⅱ半抗原及人工抗原的合成与鉴定

目的建立酸性橙Ⅱ半抗原及人工抗原的合成及鉴定方法。方法将重氮化后的2-氨基-5-磺基苯甲酸与2-萘酚经偶氮反应合成带羧基基团酸性橙Ⅱ,通过碳二亚胺法将其与载体蛋白(BSA)偶联制备酸性橙Ⅱ人工抗原。采用核磁共振碳谱和氢谱对合成的酸性橙Ⅱ半抗原进行结构分析,并用紫外光谱扫描法和蛋白质电泳法鉴定酸性橙Ⅱ人工抗原并计算偶联比。结果通过偶氮反应及碳二亚胺法最终得到纯化后的酸性橙Ⅱ半抗原约47 mg,核磁结果显示成功合成酸性橙Ⅱ半抗原。经SDS-PAGE、N-PAGE和紫外光谱扫描结果均显示酸性橙Ⅱ人工抗原蛋白分子质量大于BSA,所带负电荷大于BSA,且合成后的酸性橙Ⅱ人工抗原具有吸收峰叠加效应,均表明酸性橙Ⅱ人工抗原合成成功,偶联比为20.9:1。结论此方法能够成功合成酸性橙Ⅱ半抗原和人工抗原,为进一步制备特异性酸性橙Ⅱ抗体和建立酸性橙Ⅱ的免疫检测方法奠定基础。     

呋喃唑酮残留标示物人工抗原合成与抗体制备

以乙醇肼和碳酸二甲酯为原料,合成2种半抗原3-氨基-2-恶唑烷酮(AOZ)和3-(4-羧基苯亚甲基)-氨基-2-恶唑烷酮(CPAOZ),经戊二醛法和碳二亚胺法将半抗原与牛血清蛋白(BSA)偶联合成2种人工抗原AOZ-BSA和CPAOZ-BSA,产物经紫外光谱扫描分析鉴定。用2种人工抗原采取不同程序免疫新西兰大白兔,获得8组多克隆抗体。AOZ-BSA抗体效价1:0.8×104～1:3.2×104,对AOZ灵敏度低,IC50均大于100μg/ml。CPAOZ-BSA抗体效价1:1.6×105～1:6.4×105,对AOZ与苯甲醛衍生物N-苯亚甲基-3-氨基-2-恶唑烷酮(PAOZ)灵敏度高,IC500.91～11.56ng/ml,特异性好,仅与呋喃唑酮(交叉反应率6.15%)、3-(2-硝基苯亚甲基)-氨基-2-恶唑烷酮(NPAOZ,交叉反应率5.73%)有交叉反应,与衍生试剂苯甲醛和其他药物没有交叉反应(交叉反应率<0.01%)。本研究制备出AOZ特异性抗体,为我国开发AOZ酶联免疫试剂盒奠定基础。     

强力霉素人工抗原的合成与抗体制备

采用改进的碳二亚胺两步法将强力霉素半抗原与载体蛋白BSA连接制备强力霉素-牛血清白蛋白(BSA-DC)人工免疫抗原,并用同样方法将强力霉素与载体蛋白OVA连接制备人强力霉素-卵清白蛋白(OVA-DC)人工包被抗原。经紫外扫描分析和动物免疫试验证实:强力霉素人工抗原合成成功,强力霉素与BSA的结合比为3∶1,经动物免疫试验所得抗血清效价为2.048×106,完全能够满足强力霉素残留的ELISA检测要求。     

呋喃西林代谢物半抗原的制备及其免疫检测中的应用

本研究为了克服现有SEM半抗原结构不含硝基端基团的不足,将SEM与4-(3-醛基-4-硝基-苯氧基)-丁酸衍生制备半抗原,保留了硝基端基团。然后,将制备的半抗原分别与BSA和OVA偶联制备SEM-BSA免疫原和SEM-OVA包被原。免疫原免疫BALB/C小鼠后,结合细胞融合技术制备单克隆抗体,并利用间接竞争酶联免疫分析法(ci ELISA)评价单克隆抗体的效价及特异性。结果显示,单克隆抗体可特异性识别SEM的2-硝基苯甲醛衍生物(2-NPSEM),效价达1:2560000。应用ci ELISA检测法,在0.05~4.05μg/L呈线性关系,检测限高达0.04μg/L,IC_(50)值为0.23μg/L,与结构类似物NPAMOZ、NPAOZ和NPAHD的交叉反应率分别为0.03%、0.02%和0.26%。本论文提供的SEM半抗原的设计和改造方法,为呋喃西林的代谢物SEM的高效检测提供了新思路和方法。     

丁香酚半抗原及人工抗原的合成与鉴定

目的 合成丁香酚半抗原及人工抗原并对其结构进行鉴定。方法 采用氯乙酸对丁香酚进行结构改造, 以获得含羧基的丁香酚半抗原。将经重结晶纯化后的半抗原与牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin, BSA)经碳化二亚胺(carbide dimethylamine, EDC)偶联制备人工抗原。采用电喷雾串联三重四极杆质谱法对丁香酚半抗原的结构进行鉴定。采用紫外光谱及基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱(matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-flight time mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS)对偶联物的结构进行鉴定。结果 紫外光谱结果表明, 与载体蛋白相比, 偶联物的特征吸收峰强度有一定的增强; MALDI-TOF MS结果表明, 表明丁香酚半抗原与BSA的偶联比为12.5:1。结论 本研究成功建立了丁香酚半抗原及人工抗原的制备方法, 为丁香酚抗体的制备提供了前期研究基础。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press