甜叶菊糖基转移酶UGT76G1的克隆表达及其性质研究

目的:利用甜叶菊糖基转移酶UGT76G1特异性催化甜菊糖中含量高并且具有较强后苦味的甜菊甙生成高甜度的莱鲍迪甙A。方法:将合成的UGT76G1编码基因插入pYES2载体的EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切位点之间,成功构建了pYES2-UGT重组质粒。重组质粒导入表达宿主酿酒酵母YPH499中,利用2%半乳糖对重组菌进行诱导表达。结果:确定了最佳诱导时机为菌体培养后48h,诱导表达时间为12h。并对重组酶粗酶液性质进行了初步研究,确定其最适反应pH为8.0,最适反应温度为40℃,最佳反应时间为36h。结论:为建立经济高效的生物催化法对甜菊糖口味改质奠定了基础。     

拟南芥蔗糖合酶基因合成、重组表达及其在酶催化合成莱鲍迪甙A中的初步应用

本研究采用两步PCR的方法,合成拟南芥蔗糖合酶At SUS1的编码基因,并将其亚克隆到携带糖基转移酶UGT76G1基因的表达质粒p ET28a-UGT上,构建了双酶共表达质粒p EUGT-SUS。将质粒p EUGT-SUS转化到大肠杆菌Rossetta(DE3)中,在自诱导培养基中培养12 h,收集细胞超声破碎取其上清液为粗酶液用于催化甜菊甙合成莱鲍迪甙A的反应,结果确定重组酶At SUS1获得了活性表达,在双酶反应体系中,蔗糖和UDP在At SUS1作用下生成UDP-葡萄糖,供给UGT76G1所催化的糖基转移反应。考察了UDP初始浓度、反应pH、温度及反应时间对酶催化RA甙合成的影响。当UDP初始浓度为0.01 mmol/L,pH7.2和35℃反应条件下,反应12 h,10 g/L甜菊甙转化为莱鲍迪甙A的收率最高可达56.2%。为建立高效、经济的合成莱鲍迪甙A的酶催化工艺奠定了基础。     

高效表达木糖醇脱氢酶基因酿酒酵母的构建及木酮糖发酵的初步研究

通过RT-PCR方法克隆得到Candida tropicalis木糖醇脱氢酶基因xyl2,将该基因连入酵母表达载体pYES2的诱导型启动子GAL1下,构建表达质粒pYES2-xyl2;同时用从Pichia pastoris中克隆获取的甘油醛磷酸脱氢酶基因GAP换下GAL1基因,构建含组成型启动子GAP基因的表达质粒pYES2-GAP-xyl2;通过电转化法将其依次转入酿酒酵母S.cerevisiae INVSc1,山梨醇培养基上筛选的转化子经木糖醇梯度驯化培养,筛选出1株耐木糖醇浓度为20%的酿酒酵母重组菌株ZCX4和1株在半乳糖诱导下耐木糖醇浓度为15%的重组菌株YDX2。酶活测定表明,重组菌株ZCX4比酶活0.621 U/mg(蛋白),是YDX2比酶活的2.29倍。摇瓶发酵结果显示,重组菌株ZCX4木糖醇消耗76.46 g/L,木糖醇消耗率为76.46%,是重组菌株YDX2木糖醇消耗率的1.63倍,说明木糖醇脱氢酶实现了高效表达。     

卷枝毛霉Δ12-脱饱和酶基因的克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的高效表达

Δ12-脱饱和酶是亚油酸合成的关键酶,为提高Δ12-脱饱和酶的活性,本研究利用RT-PCR对Mucor sp.EIM-10的Δ12-脱饱和酶c DNA进行克隆,并导入p YES2.0质粒中,构建重组表达载体。运用醋酸锂转化法将重组质粒导入酿酒酵母,成功构建p YMD12酿酒酵母表达系统。为了进一步提高Δ12-脱饱和酶的表达水平,用GAP启动子替代p YES2.0质粒自带的启动子,成功构建p YGAPMD12重组菌。最终产物经GC-MS检测显示,p YGAPMD12重组菌转化C18∶1的转化率为69.172%,比p YMD12重组菌提高32.771%。本文为进一步提高Δ12-脱饱和酶的表达水平提供参考依据。     

瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶基因在酿酒酵母中的表达研究

将PCR合成的瑞氏木霉 (Trichodermareesei) β 内切葡聚糖酶I(EGI)cDNA基因片断分别插入酵母met1 0和 pgk1启动子和终止子序列之间 ,构建了在不同启动子控制下 ,具有不同拷贝数的eg1表达分泌质粒pRS41 5ME、pRS41 5PE和 pRS42 5PE。通过电转化使重组质粒转移至实验室酿酒酵母H1 5 8菌株中 ,分别得到了 3株酵母转化子H1 p、H2p和H1m。在 3株酵母转化子中 ,重组 β 内切葡聚糖酶I都能在酶自身信号肽序列引导下进行分泌型表达。在YPD培养基中 3株重组酵母生长速率大致相同 ,H1m ,H1 p与H2 p的内切葡聚糖酶活力分别为 70 .4,1 2 6.7和 1 2 5 .0U/mL。     

甜蛋白monellin基因在酿酒酵母中的分泌表达

人工合成的单链甜蛋白monellin基因与经改造后的基因分别克隆到带有酵母半乳糖可诱导启动子GAL1的穿梭表达质粒pYES2.0中,得到表达载体pYESM及pYESMT。在表达载体pYESMT中,monellin基因的上游连接酿酒酵母的α-信号肽序列,得到分泌表达载体pYESMTA。分别将3个重组质粒转化酿酒酵母菌株INVsc1中进行表达。具有突变monellin基因的菌株INVMT/pYESMT的monellin蛋白表达量明显高于含monellin基因的菌株。而含有pYESMTA的菌株可将monellin基因分泌到胞外,表明α-信号肽序列能很好地将酿酒酵母中的重组monellin蛋白引导到胞外,完成分泌表达,且表达产物具有生物活性。     

基于Egfp启动子高通量筛选方法的研究

本研究以载体pUC-19为基础质粒,引入编码增强型绿色荧光蛋白的Egfp为报告基因,选用PGK为启动子,构建重组质粒pUC-PEBBK。通过PCR扩增出重组盒BATs-PGKp-Egfp-PGKt-Kan MX-BATx,将其与酿酒酵母AY15单倍体α5同源重组,获得重组菌株α5-PEBBK。使用荧光显微镜和酶标仪检测EGFP在酿酒酵母中的表达,检测到重组菌荧光强度(RFU)为523,亲本菌株为53,是原菌的10倍,证明Egfp在PGK启动子调控下在酿酒酵母α5中能够正确表达。通过培养基优化,排除了培养基成分酵母浸粉和蛋白胨对绿色荧光蛋白检测的干扰,确定了利于Egfp表达和快速检测的筛选培养基BSM1。考察了接种量和培养时间对Egfp荧光表达和菌体生长的影响,确定了最佳48孔板培养条件为接种量40μL,培养时间为36 h。高效、灵敏的高通量筛选方法的建立为后续系列表达强度启动子的筛选奠定了良好的基础。     

重组酿酒酵母全细胞催化合成莱鲍迪苷A

用经密码子优化后合成的甜叶菊UDP糖基转移酶UGT76G1编码基因构建了表达该酶的重组酿酒酵母YPH499(pYES2-UGT)。建立了通过柠檬酸钠调节酿酒酵母细胞内由葡萄糖到尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖(UDPG)的代谢通量,用于催化甜菊苷合成莱鲍迪苷A的全细胞催化方法。优化后的催化体系为:甜菊苷1 g/L,葡萄糖20g/L,普郎尼克F68 10 g/L,MgCl2 6 g/L,柠檬酸钠15 g/L,pH 7.2,细胞密度200 g湿细胞/L反应液,在37℃下经72 h后转化生成莱鲍迪苷A 267.89 mg/L。     

体外多酶级联反应体系高效合成莱鲍迪苷M

为建立体外多酶级联反应体系高效合成莱鲍迪苷M（Rebaudioside M,RM）,该文分别构建了含有甜叶菊来源的糖基转移酶UGT76G1和水稻来源的糖基转移酶EUGT11以及拟南芥来源的蔗糖合成酶SUS1的重组大肠杆菌,将甜菊苷经一锅法催化合成RM。为提升该体系中限速酶EUGT11的酶活,从而提升整个体外多酶级联反应体系的RM产量,本文将该酶表达质粒的T7启动子核心区域串联,并比较一重、二重、三重和四重启动子启动转录时该酶活性,当三重启动子启动转录时,重组酶EUGT11的酶活力最高,是一重启动子启动转录时的2.13倍,在酶活力配比为SUS1:UGT76G1:EUGT11/3 copies of T7=1:2:6.39的体外多酶级联反应体系中,RM产量为3.79 mmol/L,较酶活力配比为SUS1:UGT76G1:EUGT11=1:2:3的体外多酶级联反应体系中,RM的产量提升了2.35倍。该文成功建立了高效合成RM的体外多酶级联反应体系,为此后工业化酶法合成RM提供理论和数据支持。     

体外偶联UDP-糖基转移酶与蔗糖合成酶 高效催化合成莱鲍迪苷A

本研究构建了UDP-糖基转移酶UGT76G1基因的重组毕赤酵母菌株GS115/pPIC9K-UGT76G1和绿豆来源的蔗糖合成酶(mbSUS)基因的重组毕赤酵母菌株GS115/pPIC9K/pPICZA-mbSUS。通过甲醇诱导产酶,制备UDP-糖基转移酶UGT76G1和蔗糖合成酶,并构建生物催化级联反应体系,生物催化甜菊糖苷(Stevioside,ST)合成莱鲍迪苷A(rebaudioside A,RA),有效实现了级联反应体系中尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖(UDPG)的循环利用。本研究通过反应条件优化,发现级联反应中的限速酶是糖基转移酶UGT76G1,添加酶活比例为U_((UGT76G1)):U_((mbSUS))=6:1为合成莱鲍迪苷A的最佳酶活比例,在pH7.0,UDP浓度1mM,蔗糖浓度50mM,MgCl_2浓度3 mM的反应条件下,10 mM ST转化合成8.20±0.11 mM RA,RA的产率达到82.91%,与在大肠杆菌表达系统中相比,极大缩短了催化反应时间。利用体外偶联UDP-糖基转移酶与蔗糖合成酶催化合成RA为酶法高效生物合成RA及其产业化应用提供技术支持。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press