迷迭香水提物对白鲢肉脱腥活性物质研究

该文旨在探究迷迭香水提物中对白鲢肉起到脱腥作用的活性成分。分别脱除迷迭香水提物中多酚、多糖和蛋白质后对白鲢肉进行浸泡脱腥实验，通过气相色谱-质谱联用测定挥发性成分含量变化，以挥发性成分含量和感官腥味值变化确定迷迭香水提物的主要脱腥组分。液相色谱-质谱对迷迭香水提物中酚类物质进行定性与定量分析，再使用不同浓度的酚类单体物质进行脱腥实验。结果表明，与未经过迷迭香水提物的处理组相比，使用迷迭香水提物处理后显著降低白鲢鱼肉的腥味值及挥发性物质含量，腥味值最高下降约为57%,挥发性成分含量最高下降约为40%～45%,而脱除蛋白质组和多糖组其脱腥效果与对照组无显著性差异，脱除多酚组中多酚含量越低脱腥效果越差。迷迭香水提物中检测到4种酚类物质，选择迷迭香酸(rosmarinic acid, RA)进行脱腥实验。RA对白鲢肉的脱腥效果与其质量浓度呈正相关。以上结果表明，多酚是迷迭香水提物的主要脱腥组分，RA是迷迭香水提物的主要脱腥活性物质。     

香菜和香茅对鲜鲈鱼片的脱腥、抑菌效果

为开发一种天然脱除鲜鱼片腥味的脱腥剂,采用香菜和香茅对鲜鲈鱼片进行脱腥处理,通过感官评定和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对鲈鱼片脱腥处理前、后挥发性成分进行分析和鉴定,并测定脱腥前、后鱼片的菌落总数,分析其是否具有抑菌效果。结果表明:经感官评价,用香菜和香茅处理后的鱼肉,只有微弱的腥味,一般人难以察觉。经气相色谱-质谱分析得出新鲜鲈鱼肉风味物质34种,主要有醛、醇、酮、烃和酯类等物质,其中己醛、2,4-二烯醛、壬醛、辛醛和1-辛烯-3-醇等是主要的腥味物质。脱腥后鲈鱼肉风味物质种类不变,而腥味物质含量大大降低,其中2,4-二烯醛、壬醛和辛醛的脱除率在55%以上,己醛和1-辛烯-3-醇的脱除率也在35%以上;脱腥后鲈鱼片菌落总数有所下降,降低率达到50%,可有效延长鲈鱼鲜度保持时间。香菜和香茅能有效脱除鲜鲈鱼肉中的腥味,并有一定的抑菌效果。     

紫贻贝脱腥工艺条件的优化及其腥味物质分析

为改善紫贻贝的腥味,开发出适口的紫贻贝休闲食品,采用顶空固相微萃取气质联用技术(GC-MS)对不同浓度脱腥液处理的紫贻贝腥味成分进行定性定量分析。以腥味物质含量和TVB-N值作为响应值进行响应面分析实验,从而优化脱腥工艺条件。结果得出最优条件为:脱腥液A 3.5%,脱腥液B 2.5%,浸泡温度35℃,浸泡时间110 min。在该条件下对紫贻贝进行5次平行脱腥实验,定量分析脱腥前后其主要腥味物质,可得腥味物质含量为(1.06±0.08)mg/kg,TVB-N值为(7.02±0.50)mg/100 g。其次,对脱腥前后紫贻贝的挥发性成分进行定性分析,结果表明:脱腥后的紫贻贝醛类物质含量变化较大,由47.48%降低为10.27%,酮类物质稍有降低,从11.86%降为6.91%,而酯类、醇类等物质含量都增大。本研究可为紫贻贝的精深加工提供理论依据。     

罗非鱼加工副产物脱腥工艺及其腥味物质分析

本研究旨在筛选一种简单高效的脱腥剂,用于罗非鱼加工副产物的腥味脱除。分别考察了紫苏液、香芹液以及白醋对罗非鱼加工副产物的脱腥效果,以腥度值为评价指标,通过正交试验确定了最佳复合脱腥工艺条件,并对脱腥前后的腥性物质进行分析比较。结果表明,三种脱腥剂对腥味均有不同程度的脱除效果,且随着浓度的提高以及浸泡时间的延长,脱腥效果有明显的提升。最佳复合脱腥工艺条件为:紫苏液7%、香芹液70%、白醋5%、浸泡时间60 min,料液比1:3,脱腥处理后腥度值仅为0.136,鱼体带有天然的植物香味,且保留了原有的风味。GC-MS结果表明,处理前后主要腥味物质醛类、醇类显著减少,相对含量降幅均达到14%~15%,酮类物质未再检出。     

迷迭香提取物对白鲢鱼肉腥味的影响及其脱腥条件优化

选用迷迭香提取物对白鲢鱼肉进行浸泡脱腥处理,以硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)值、三甲胺(trimethylamine,TMA)值和感官腥味值作为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上运用响应面模型优化脱腥条件,通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术评价脱腥前后鱼肉挥发性成分的变化。结果表明,最优脱腥条件为迷迭香提取物浸泡液质量浓度1.7 g/L,料液比1∶3.40(g∶mL),浸泡时间41 min,在此条件下脱腥后,TBA值为(0.35±0.02)mg MDA/kg(MDA:丙二醛,malondialdehyde),TMA值为(1.55±0.06)mg/kg,腥味值为1.81±0.07,验证结果与优化结果之间的误差均小于1.00%。此外,白鲢鱼肉脱腥前后分别检测出24种和14种挥发性成分,挥发性成分含量均显著降低。脱腥后,对腥味贡献较大的己醛和1-辛烯-3-醇含量分别下降了100%和79.97%,同时庚醛、辛醛、壬醛和癸醛的含量分别下降了100%、70.37%、51.43%和42.11%,这一结果与TBA值、TMA值和腥味值的评价结果一致。因此,迷迭香提取物在脱除白鲢鱼肉腥味和改善白鲢加工产品的风味方面具有良好的应用前景。     

即食鱼糜脆片腥味物质的脱除方法研究

该研究旨在筛选出高效、简便的脱腥剂,用于脱除即食鱼糜脆片的腥味。分别考察了纯牛奶、铁观音茶叶、海藻糖和纯姜粉对即食鱼糜脆片的脱腥效果,以腥味成分为指标,采用电子鼻联合顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)对不同脱腥剂处理的即食鱼糜脆片进行腥味成分鉴定,同时对脆片进行感官评定。结果表明,使用3‰姜粉、7‰海藻糖复配的脱腥剂可使鱼糜中正己醛等主要腥味物质从34.03%下降至5.33%,提升即食鱼糜脆片的风味和口感。该研究结果对提升即食鱼糜脆片的品质、改良即食鱼糜脆片的工艺具有重要意义。     

斑点叉尾(鱼回)鱼皮明胶的风味成分及其脱腥的研究

采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术,分析了斑点叉尾(鱼回)鱼皮明胶的风味成分,比较了活性炭、β-环糊精和酵母3种脱腥剂对明胶的脱腥效果。结果表明:斑点叉尾(鱼回)鱼皮明胶的风味成分主要是一些含有羰基的饱和或不饱和的醛类和酮类;(鱼回)鱼皮明胶腥味最为相关的成分为正己醛、正庚醛、2,4-庚二烯醛、2,6-壬二烯醛。活性炭、β-环糊精和酵母都有一定的脱腥效果,其中活性炭脱腥效果最好。活性炭脱腥前醛、酮种类个数分别为13和6,脱腥后减少为5和4;活性炭脱腥前醛、酮含量为27.89%,脱腥后降至10.92%。尤其与腥味相关的正己醛、正庚醛、2,4-庚二烯醛、2,6-壬二烯醛等成分在脱腥后,均未被检出。     

红毛藻复合脱腥工艺的优化及其挥发性成分GC-MS分析

红毛藻是特色药食两用红藻资源,腥味是限制红毛藻深加工产品开发的关键因素之一。该文对红毛藻复合脱腥加热联用浸泡脱腥剂工艺进行优化,并应用气相色谱-质谱联用（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）分析脱腥前后挥发性成分。结果表明,复合脱腥可显著降低红毛藻的腥味,最优脱腥工艺为加热温度70℃,加热时间4 h,醋酸浓度3%,醋酸处理时间2.0 h。脱腥前红毛藻含有醇类、烯烃、醛类、酮类、酯类、烷烃类和其它类共7大类46种挥发性成分,其中1-辛烯-3-醇、壬醛、2-壬烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛和3,5-辛二烯-2-酮为腥味成分;复合脱腥后,挥发性成分由46种变为26种,醇类、醛类和酮类物质明显减少,烷烃类和其它类物质明显增多,上述腥味成分含量除壬醛由44.40μg/g降为37.89μg/g外,其它均降为0。     

大鲵油脱腥及挥发性成分分析

对大鲵油脱腥方法及挥发性成分进行研究。采用茶多酚液、酵母液、活性炭、茶多酚-酵母复合液对大鲵油进行脱腥,再经加热真空处理,经感官评价选取呈味好的大鲵油,通过气相色谱(GC)测定其脂肪酸组成,顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析其挥发性成分。结果表明:茶多酚液、酵母液、活性炭和茶多酚-酵母复合液对大鲵油的腥味均有不同程度的去除作用,茶多酚-酵母复合液对大鲵油的脱腥效果较好,油腥味较小;脱腥大鲵油中油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、EPA和DHA含量分别为33. 9%、13. 7%、6. 6%、2. 8%、3. 9%;脱腥大鲵油中共鉴定出60种挥发性成分,包括17种醛类、4种醇类、2种酮类、4种酯类、2种酸类、28种烃类和3种其他类化合物,相对含量分别为9. 159%、7. 986%、1. 134%、0. 625%、0. 181%、15. 773%、64. 348%,主要特征性成分为壬醛、苯乙醛、庚醛、(Z,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛、2-壬烯醛、芳樟醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、α-蒎烯、2-戊基-呋喃。经过充分脱腥的大鲵油适合于食用。     

美国鲢鱼挥发性成分和脱腥方法研究

使用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用对美国鲢鱼鱼肉作挥发性风味成分分析,共检测出52种物质。采用活性炭吸附法、β-CD包埋法、红茶浸泡法和酵母发酵法对鲢鱼鱼肉进行脱腥,对每种脱腥方法做正交试验,并采用GC-MS结合感官评价分析脱腥后腥味物质含量的变化。结果表明:红茶浸泡脱腥法的脱腥效果最显著,其最优的脱腥工艺为添加2%红茶粉末,浸泡时间50 min,浸泡温度50℃。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press