影响盐水火腿感官品质及亚硝酸钠残留量的研究

主要研究了盐水火腿加工过程中腌制时间、煮制时间和煮制温度以及抗坏血酸钠添加量对盐水火腿感官品质和亚硝酸钠残留量的影响。实验结果表明,腌制时间为36h,亚硝酸钠的添加量为120mg／kg,抗坏血酸钠的添加量为600mg／kg,煮制温度为80℃,煮制时间为1h（肉块大小为250g）时,盐水火腿感官品质最佳,亚硝酸钠残留量最低。     

乳酸钙部分替代氯化钠对西式盐水火腿感官品质的影响

在西式盐水火腿加工中应用乳酸钙部分替代氯化钠,在氯化钠使用总量2%的前提下,按照氯化钠质量的5%、10%、15%、20%设计乳酸钙的替代比,单因素实验观察不同替代比对切片西式盐水火腿色差、质构、水分含量和感官指标的影响。结果发现,适量使用乳酸钙可以显著提高西式盐水火腿的亮度L*值、红度a*值、黄度b*值和硬度;但是当替代比过大时对产品的弹性、内聚性、胶着性、咀嚼性有一定负面影响;适当的使用乳酸钙替代氯化钠对产品感官品质有积极影响,适宜的替代比为10%左右。      

西式盐水火腿工艺与产品质量浅析

西式盐水火腿是以猪腿肉为主要加工原料,经过严格的工艺流程,制成的感观鲜红或玫瑰色,蛋白质含量高、脂肪含量低、NaCL含量低,切面致密,无空洞和裂缝,多汁多味,口感鲜嫩为特征的一种西式定型包装熟肉制品。因其食用方便、营养卫生、滋嫩味美而越来越受消费者的欢迎。工业化生产中火腿常常会出现各种产品质量问题,造成产     

西式盐水火腿在生产加工中出现的问题及产生的原因

3 西式肉类制品(火腿)在热加工前后出现的问题及其发生的原因3.1 产品热加工后发散,肉质变硬存在以下几点问题A 原料肉使用时,pH值降低,要求pH值在5.8～6.4左右好.B 添加的混合盐中的食盐过少,盐溶蛋白质提取不足.     

西式盐水火腿的加工工艺研究

介绍了西式盐水火腿加工工艺以及加工要点.     

西式火腿品质的影响研究

本试验以猪耳为原料经乳酸菌发酵加工成西式火腿，并研究了发酵对猪耳理化特性和感官品质的影响。结果表明：接种量和发酵时间的不同，对产品的物性没有明显的影响，但对产品出品率有明显的影响；使用保加利亚乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌按1：1比例混合，总接种量为15％，发酵24h可以获得较理想的产品。     

抗氧化剂对西式火腿品质及亚硝酸盐转化途径的影响

以新鲜猪后腿精肉为原料制作西式火腿,腌制时分别添加抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸钠、异抗坏血酸和异抗坏血酸钠,研究了不同抗氧化剂对火腿中亚硝酸钠(NaNO_2)残留量、亚硝胺含量、红度(a*)及脂肪氧化度(TBARs)的影响,通过测定一氧化氮(NO)、硝酸钠(NaNO3)和NaNO_2含量变化,研究了异抗坏血酸钠对NaNO_2转化途径的影响。结果表明,4种抗氧化剂均可以显著降低NaNO_2残留量和亚硝胺含量,提高a*值,延缓脂肪氧化。其中,异抗坏血酸钠效果最好,当其添加量为500 mg/kg时,NaNO_2残留量为26.24 mg/kg,清除率达到72.49%,亚硝胺含量为1.05μg/kg,降低69.39%,a*值提高13.49%,TBARs值降低60.00%。添加500 mg/kg异抗坏血酸钠,参与歧化反应的NaNO_2由27%降到17%,参加降解反应的NaNO_2由9%升高到65%,残留量由64%降到18%,说明异抗坏血酸钠会抑制NaNO_2歧化反应,大幅度促进降解反应,使NaNO_2残留量显著降低。     

钠盐替代物对西式火腿品质的影响

通过肉汤模拟得出西式火腿中各替代盐的最大添加比例,并根据比例制作对照组、低钠盐组、氯化钾组、氯化钙组、乳酸钾组西式火腿,研究不同替代盐对西式火腿品质的影响。结果表明：通过模拟肉汤的感官评价,确定各替代盐的最适添加比例分别为氯化钾30%、氯化钙25%、乳酸钾35%;不同替代盐会对西式火腿的水分含量、汁液流失、质构及感官评分等造成显著差异（P＜0.05）,但并不会造成明显的色泽变化;其中低钠盐组西式火腿的综合品质最差,具体表现为水分含量最低（59.8%）、硬度最高（3 704 g）及口感得分最低（7.8 分）等,而乳酸钾相比低盐钠组品质仅有略微提升;氯化钾组和对照组西式火腿品质最为相似,感官评分、水分含量及质构等均无显著差异;氯化钙组西式火腿品质最好,表现为蒸煮损失最低（6.51%）及感官得分最高（9.1 分）等。因此,从最大钠盐替代量方面考虑,30%氯化钾组最为适合,而从提升西式火腿品质方面考虑,25%氯化钙组更为适合。     

西式烟熏火腿生产过程中质量检测分析

通过对XY公司西式烟熏火腿生产线上的工序点、设备、工器具、无菌间空气、原料、半成品、成品的微生物污染状况的检验和原辅料、成品的金属杂质情况的检测,成品的理化卫生指标的检测,为西式烟熏火腿生产线上关键控制点确定和HACCP计划建立提供了依据。     

加工工艺及添加面粉发酵对豆酱抗氧化能力和抗氧化成分的影响

以黄豆为原料制作豆酱,测定了浸泡、蒸煮、制曲、拌盐水发酵和灭菌后豆酱的抗氧化能力、多酚含量及颜色值,并研究了添加面粉发酵对豆酱抗氧化能力的影响.经过浸泡后,大豆水提物还原力下降,多酚含量及颜色值均增加.蒸煮后还原力和颜色值增加,多酚含量明显减小.无论是否添加面粉,大豆制曲后抗氧化能力、多酚含量及颜色值均增大,且添加面粉后变化更显著.添加盐水发酵后,未添加面粉豆酱抗氧化能力无显著变化,而添加面粉后抗氧化能力、多酚含量及颜色值均显著增大.灭菌对豆酱抗氧化能力、多酚含量及颜色值均无显著影响.结果表明,不同的加工工艺对发酵豆酱的抗氧化能力影响不同,添加面粉发酵能显著提高豆酱的抗氧化能力.     

不同品种番茄对发酵番茄酱品质的影响

为了丰富番茄加工品种,开发一种发酵番茄酱。以四种新鲜的番茄品种为原料,添加凯里红酸汤来制作发酵型番茄酱并跟踪发酵过程中总酸、pH值、亚硝酸盐、番茄红素、可溶性固形物含量变化以及对成品感官评价。结果显示：美宝、奥宝番茄感官评价较好,品种间pH值变化无显著差异（P＞0.05）,美宝总酸含量、亚硝峰峰值最高,发酵结束后美宝总酸比市售番茄酱高出34%。美宝、经典欧卡番茄其与市售番茄酱番茄红素含量相近。美宝可溶性固形物含量最高为42%,各品种可溶性固形物含量均大于市售番茄酱。不同品种番茄酱发酵后成分具有一定的差异,结合不同品种的发酵番茄酱之间的特点,美宝番茄发酵后风味比市售番茄酱更佳。     

Effect of the addition of tomato paste on the nutritional and sensory properties of mortadella

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of tomato paste (TP) to sausage mortadella in order to improve the nutritional properties and reduce the lipid oxidation associated with the content of lycopene. First, three different mortadellas without colourant were made with 2, 6 and 10% of TP, to optimise technologically the amount of this ingredient. Then, commercial product was compared with 10% of TP mortadella; both products were made with natural colourant. After a proximate analysis only total protein decreased due to the addition of TP. Lycopene content in mortadella and the total antioxidant activity were proportional to the amount of TP added. The presence of TP provided stability during meat grinding, cooking and storage of mortadella by reducing the lipid oxidation. In addition, TP provided yellowness and softness; however, when TP was added together with red colourant, the redness remained constant in the mortadella without effects on the consumer overall acceptance.     

Influence of processing on the rheological properties of tomato paste

This paper deals with the influence that some processing variables (sieve pore size and breaking temperature) and tomato variety exert on the linear viscoelastic properties of tomato paste. With this aim, 16 tomato paste samples from four different varieties (with different contents of the pectolytic enzymes polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase) have been manufactured at different breaking temperatures (65–85 °C) and screen sizes (0.8–2.2 mm). From the experimental results obtained, we conclude that tomato paste behaves as a weak gel, showing a wide plateau region in its linear relaxation spectrum. The linear viscoelastic properties of tomato paste depend dramatically on water‐insoluble solids content and particle size, which may be greatly influenced by processing variables. Nevertheless, the specific action of the above‐mentioned pectolytic enzymes must also be taken into account. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

减压贮藏对番茄果实抗氧化物质和抗氧化酶的影响

为了研究不同减压处理对番茄果实后熟过程中抗氧化性的影响,以粉冠番茄为材料,研究了在43.6、73.0kPa和常压三个压力条件下,番茄中维生素C、番茄红素和谷胱甘肽含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性变化规律。结果表明,减压贮藏显著推迟了番茄中维生素C含量的高峰,在一定程度上延迟了番茄红素和谷胱甘肽含量的高峰,并且压力越低效果越显著(p<0.05);在果实后熟过程中SOD、CAT活性逐渐下降,而减压处理可显著抑制SOD活性下降(p<0.05)。POD活性在贮藏期间呈现先降后升的趋势,减压处理可以有效地保持较高的抗氧化酶活性。结论:减压处理贮藏可以显著保护番茄果实中的抗氧化物质和抗氧化酶活性,而且一定范围内压力越低效果越好。      

西式重组火腿的生产工艺研究

介绍西式火腿的基本加工工艺,并通过单因素试验、正交试验对配方和生产工艺就行了研究,确立了最佳工艺配方:滚揉时间12h、复合磷酸盐添加量0.5%、大豆分离蛋白添加量3%。     

Effect of Iberian × Duroc genotype on composition and sensory properties of dry‐cured ham

BACKGROUND: Dry‐cured ham quality from three different Iberian × Duroc genotypes was studied: GEN1, Iberian × Duroc1; GEN2, Duroc1 × Iberian; GEN3, Duroc2 × Iberian. GEN1 and GEN2 are reciprocal crosses, while the difference between GEN2 and GEN3 is the Duroc sire line. The line Duroc1 (DU1) was selected for the manufacture of dry‐cured meat products, whereas the line Duroc2 (DU2) was selected for meat production with low carcass fat. RESULTS: Dry‐cured hams from all genotypes had similar chemical composition. However, intramuscular fat of dry‐cured hams from GEN3 was more unsaturated than that from GEN2, while GEN1 was intermediate. Lipid oxidation, measured as 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and hexanal content, was similar between genotypes. The colour of hams was affected by genotype; hams from GEN2 showed higher lightness (CIE L*), while those from GEN3 had a less intense colour (lower a* and C*). Texture measured instrumentally did not differ between genotypes; however, in the sensory analysis, panellists considered hams from GEN3 more fibrous, while those from GEN2 were considered juicier. Hams from GEN3 were also perceived as saltier and more acid. CONCLUSION: Genotype affected the quality of Iberian hams, with those from GEN3 being of lower quality, and this genotype was considered less suitable for the manufacture of Iberian dry‐cured ham. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Chemical,antioxidant and sensory properties of tomato‐watermelon‐pineapple blends,and changes in their total antioxidant capacity during storage

A conductometric analysis of the effect of condensate of peroxides generated during lipid oxidation in an accelerated stability test was adapted to test the hypothesis that total antioxidant capacity of tomato products would sometimes increase during processing and in storage. Tomato pulp blends made from a mixture of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var Roma VF), watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris var Babylack) and pineapple (Ananas comosus var Smooth cayennes) were analysed for basic quality profiles of dry matter, Brix, titratable acidity (TTA) and pH, total reducing sugars, Component antioxidants phytochemicals and total antioxidant capacity. The lowest sensory score (overall impression) of 4.80 ± 2.59 was recorded for tomato juice while, blend TWP 111p had highest score of 6.20 ± 1.99. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) in the basic quality profile of the pulp blends except for TTA values (0.37 ± 0.02 to 0.45 ± 0.05) and 2‐Furfurals (2.47 ± 0.03 to 2.71 ± 0.01). The fresh blend of 50% tomato, 25% watermelon and 25% pineapple had the highest total antioxidant capacity of 3.69 ± 0.52 mg 100 mL^?1 catechin equivalent. The total antioxidant capacity of the stored pulp increased from 2.95 ± 0.13 to 6.22 ± 0.32 mg 100 mL^?1 catechin equivalent in pasteurised TWP 211p blend by 60 days when stored at 40 °C. Total antioxidant status of tomato‐based fruit mix increased during the first 80 days.     

Antioxidative capacity of tomato products

The antioxidative capacity of methanol/water and hexane extracts of five tomato juices, four canned tomatoes and four tomato pastes was measured using two test systems: with 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS⁺) and with linoleic acid emulsion. In both the ABTS assay and the linoleic acid system, most of the antioxidative capacity of analysed products was from the methanol-water fraction, which contained polyphenols and ascorbic acid. On the basis of the wet weight of the tomato products, tomato pastes had the highest activity towards ABTS⁺ (micromoles of Trolox equivalents per gram) followed by tomato juices, and canned tomatoes. The inhibition of formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the linoleic acid emulsion was strongly dependent on antioxidant concentration. The results suggest that tomato products, in addition to fresh tomatoes, may also be important in supplying dietary antioxidant, especially polyphenols and carotenoids.