多孔矿物材料的孔道结构及应用进展

对多孔矿物材料的孔道结构和形态进行了分析，然后对多孔矿物材料的孔道效应和表面荷电效应进行了重点介绍。在对多孔矿物材料的功能属性进行讨论的基础上，对多孔矿物材料在过滤、吸附、离子交换、功能载体、建筑、储氢等方面的应用进展进行了系统分析。在此基础上，对多孔矿物材料的应用方向进行了展望。     

矿物模板法制备多孔炭材料研究进展

与传统的炭材料合成方法相比,模板法在孔径控制方面优势突出,是一种制备多孔炭的简易方法。天然矿物具有微米、纳米孔道结构,而且资源丰富、价格低廉,为制备多孔炭材料提供了理想模板。综述了常用矿物模板的性质以及天然矿物为模板合成炭材料的研究进展,指出了制备模板炭材料过程中存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

无机模板法制备多孔炭的研究进展

对无机模板法制备多孔炭材料的研究进展进行了综述,详细介绍了近年来沸石分子筛、介孔分子筛、无序中孔硅和天然粘土等无机材料作模板制备多孔炭的研究概况,并对其优缺点和应用前景进行了评述.无机模板法制备的多孔炭孔道均一、孔道结构排列有序,具有极高的应用价值.     

磁性多孔碳材料的研究进展

磁性多孔碳材料同时具有磁性和多孔性质,其拥有丰富的孔道结构、高的比表面积、高孔容、良好的活性位点和磁性可分离等优异的性能,可以很好的解决多孔碳材料在应用过程中难分离回收等问题,因此,磁性多孔碳材料已经在吸附领域得到广泛的应用。按照孔径大小、磁性强弱以及组合方式的不同将磁性多孔碳材料进行了分类,并综述了近年来磁性多孔碳材料的制备方法以及吸附应用,最后,对磁性多孔碳材料的应用前景进行了展望。     

多孔材料的孔结构表征及其分析

多孔材料的研究已成为当今材料科学研究领域的一大热点,而多孔材料的研究离不开结构表征分析.多孔材料的表征常用X射线小角度衍射法、气体吸附法、电子显微镜观察法等.重点介绍了这些表征方法对多孔材料的孔道有序性、孔形态、比表面积和孔体积及孔径等的表征分析应用,最后简单介绍了孔结构表征的新方法.     

有序多孔材料的研究进展

有序多孔材料具有大小均匀、排列规则的孔道,从而在选择性吸收、分离提纯、生物医学、催化、新型组装材料等方面有着巨大的应用潜力.目前有序多孔材料主要包括氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锡、氧化锆等,综述了多种有序多孔材料的制备方法,并且重点分析了阳极氧化铝的形成机理.     

多孔碳纳米材料的分类、制备及应用

多孔碳纳米材料的孔径可以在微孔、介孔和大孔很宽的范围内进行调控,并且在一种碳材料中可以同时含有多级孔结构;依赖于合成途径,多孔碳的孔道可以有序或无序;形貌也具有多样性,可以是膜、球、纤维、短棒、单晶和体材料等多种形貌。多孔碳材料独特的结构和性质,使之在气体和液体的分离、水处理、空气净化、生物和能源等诸多领域都具有广泛的应用前景。本文主要介绍了多孔碳纳米材料的分类,重点阐述了多孔碳纳米材料的制备方法,并对其应用进行了展望。     

基于矿物特性的太阳能储热材料研究进展

相变材料因其优越潜热被广泛应用于太阳能光热技术中,绝大多数有机相变材料的导热系数非常低,大多介于0.1～0.4 W·m-1·K-1之间。此外,相变材料流动性大,因此需采用导热性能好、具有稳定结构的基体支撑有机相变材料,改善其应用性能。一些天然矿物具有适当的比热与导热系数、多孔道的微结构以及天然的热稳定性与化学兼容性等矿物特性,被用于支撑相变材料制备太阳能储热材料。探讨了矿物的结构特性与性能优势,总结了石墨、珍珠岩、蛭石、硅藻土、埃洛石以及石膏等矿物基太阳能储热材料的制备研究。在此基础上介绍了矿物基太阳能储热材料在太阳能建筑节能、太阳能热水器、太阳能热发电等太阳能光热领域中的应用,并展望了矿物基太阳能储热材料的发展趋势和应用前景。     

复合相变材料的制备

利用真空吸附法制备了有机无机复合相变材料,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电镜进行测试,结果表明,此复合材料调温功能稳定,有机相变材料被无机多孔材料吸附到孔道中,并且相变材料在孔道中分布均匀.经热重法分析,此真空吸附方法制备的复合相变材料在100℃以下相变性能稳定,不会对环境造成污染.     

金属-有机框架材料碳化制备多孔碳及其应用

近年来,金属有机框架材料(MOFs)作为一种新型的有机-无机杂化多孔材料,因其具有比表面积大、孔道和化学性质可调等特点而被广泛应用于吸附、催化、气体储存等领域,但是由于MOFs的不稳定性使其在应用方面受到限制。为了克服这方面的限制,可以通过碳化法使其更加稳定。综述了以MOFs为模板,通过直接和间接碳化法来制备稳定多孔碳材料,并对其在吸附、催化等方面的应用进行了叙述。     

沸石矿为模板制备多孔炭的研究

以几种沸石矿为模板、蔗糖为碳源，通过模板法制备了多孔炭，并用77K氮气吸附和X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行了表征。结果表明：此方法可以制备出具有一定比表面积和较大中孔容积的多孔炭．其中孔率随着模板中孔容积的增大而增加，但在所制多孔炭中存有少量的杂质。     

Transformation of essential minerals into tablet formulation with enhanced stability

Essential minerals play a very important role in maintaining our physical well-being. In this work, essential minerals; copper sulphate, zinc sulphate, selenium dioxide, chromium picolinate, sodium molybdate and potassium iodide were prepared into tablet formulation with enhanced stability. These minerals are prepared in a coated or as an adsorbate form so as to increase the stability of the minerals. The coated/adsorbate form was formulated into matrix tablets using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) by the direct compression technique. The distinctively formed tablet was assessed for its physicochemical properties, in-vitro release, microbiological and stability studies. SEM analysis showed that the surface topography of the tablet displayed mechanical interlocking between the trace elements and polymer. During dissolution, the hydrated tablet shows highly porous network of the polymer matrix. Afterwards, they undergo surface erosion from the porous network and the trace minerals gets released. The in-vitro release of zinc sulphate with polymer HPMC K4M showed a sustained release behaviour and fits into the first order and Korsemeyer-Peppas model. The formulation of the trace mineral tablet shows a sustained release profile with increased stability. This trace element matrix tablet supplements is expected to gain acceptance than the marketed products owing to its sustained release behaviour.     

Mineralogical study of the deterioration of granite stones of two Portuguese churches and characterization of the salt solutions in the porous network by the presence of diatoms

Two Portuguese churches were built with stones of different types of two-mica fine to coarse grained granites. The stones in both monuments were previously submitted to a natural weathering process in the quarries leading to a homogeneous and very well interconnected porous network composed of very thin fissures, allowing a fast capillary transfer of rain water and salt solutions. Therefore, the stones presently exhibit several types of stone decay. A mineralogical study of the deteriorations was carried out in the two churches that permitted the identification of several minerals of soluble salts responsible for stone decay. Some forms of diatoms have been identified in samples of deteriorated stones in both monuments. Several ions in the salt solutions present in the porous networks of the granites, which are in conformity with the minerals of soluble salts associated with the deterioration of the granite, permit the development of several forms of diatoms.     

Mechanical treatments on design powder ceramic materials: Insight into the textural and structural changes

Mechanical treatment of porous ceramics, such as porous clay minerals, is a crucial step in ceramic processing. Among clay minerals, design swelling brittle micas have shown exceptional properties for further applications, although they exhibit low surface area and porosity. But, their mechanical activation could improve their textural properties and deserves to be investigated. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of gradual grinding in their surface and framework. At short grinding times, the surface area increases and mesoporous and microporous are generated. Long grinding time provokes particle agglomeration with the consequent change in their colloidal stability. At bulk level, framework defects are observed in both tetrahedral and octahedral sheets and increase with the total layer charge.     

Nitrogenated porous carbon electrodes for supercapacitors

Nitrogenated porous carbon materials, made by coating the pore surface with nitrogen functional groups from the pyrolysis of hexamine, were characterized and tested for supercapacitor applications. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the nitrogen content of the nitrogenated carbon sample was found to be 14?wt%. Electrochemical properties from potentiostatic and galvanostatic measurements, and open circuit voltage (OCV) were used to evaluate the effect of nitrogen in porous carbon electrodes. The nitrogenated carbon exhibits pseudocapacitive behavior and an increase in capacitance that is almost double that of plain porous carbon. The cyclic stability is also improved, as the sample retains its high capacitance even after extensive cycling. Also, the nitrogenated carbon shows battery-like characteristics with an initial OCV of ca. 0.4?V, and an OCV of ca. 0.3?V after cycling.     

温度和湿度对聚四氟乙烯多孔驻极体膜压电活性稳定性的影响

研究了具有开放性孔洞的聚四氟乙烯(voided polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)多孔膜和PP蜂窝膜(polypropylene cellular)的驻极体行为和压电活性的温度效应。研究结果指出：和PP蜂窝膜驻极体相比．PTFE多孔膜驻极体呈现出突出的电荷储存和压电活性的温度稳定性;研究了这类稳定性的驻极体和材料的结构根源。PTFE多孔薄膜驻板体这种压电活性的温度稳定性主要依赖于这类驻极体材料电荷储存及材料的本征性能(如力学性质等)的温度稳定性。实验结果还说明：PTFE多孔膜突出的压电系数温度稳定性使它大大扩展了以包括PP在内的空间电荷型多孔膜研制的压电功能元器件的耐温要求。本文还讨论了环境因素(如相对湿度)对这类功能膜压电活性的影响,分析了环境湿度对压电活性影响的结构根源。     

功能无机材料在海水淡化技术中的应用与开发

由于水资源紧缺问题日益突出，海水淡化技术的研究与开发将越来越显得紧迫。海水淡化研究的根本是如何降低成本，而其中关键问题是材料的选择。本文旨在对功能无机材料应用于海水淡化技术这一新的研究方向作一详细的分析与展望。其中着重分析无机分离膜在反渗透海水淡化技术中的应用，包括无机分离膜的特点和制备方法，无机反渗透膜替代有机反渗透膜和无机超滤膜应用于海水预处理等；并讨论了无机材料中硅酸盐矿物（粘土和沸石矿物等     

仿竹结构单丝玻璃纤维增强多孔聚醚砜基复合材料

竹子是一种以竹纤维为增强体、多孔木质素为基体而组成的天然复合材料。本文借鉴竹子的结构特征,采用高性能热塑性聚合物浸没沉淀相转化法在玻璃纤维(GF)表面沉积梯度孔径分布的多孔聚醚砜(PES)基体,制备仿竹结构单丝玻璃纤维增强多孔聚醚砜基复合材料(GF/PES),并对其微观形貌、拉伸力学性能和“温度-模量”智能响应性进行了研究。结果表明,基于梯度多孔PES基体良好的吸能作用及其对玻璃纤维表面微小缺陷的修复作用,GF/PES的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最高可分别比GF提高39.11%和58.1%。此外,多孔聚合物基体还可作为各类功能材料的载体,例如在其多孔结构中填充水,当水随着温度变化发生相变时,可赋予GF/PES显著的模量变化,从而制备出“温度-模量”智能响应复合材料。      

淀粉多孔微球研究进展

作为一种天然的、环境友好的功能材料,淀粉多孔微球在生物医药方面的运用变得越来越广泛。本文在阅读一定量文献的基础上,对近年来淀粉多孔微球的研究进行综述,首先讨论了淀粉多孔微球的制备方法,其次论述了淀粉多孔微球的功能性运用,最后对淀粉多孔微球的未来研究进行了展望。     

吸附钡铁氧体的多孔陶粒吸波材料制备及其性能

以硝酸铁、硝酸钡、柠檬酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成钡铁氧体溶胶,将其吸附于多孔陶粒表面和微孔中,经焙烧制备得到电磁吸波功能陶粒;再将该功能陶粒用作集料制备新型水泥基复合吸波材料。研究了合成的钡铁氧体的物相、形貌、复介电常数和复磁导率;结果表明合成的钡铁氧体纯度高,合成温度对其结晶度和晶体形貌有影响,经1000℃煅烧制得的钡铁氧体具有良好的吸波能力;对制得的功能陶粒进行了测试,结果表明钡铁氧体能包覆至陶粒表面和孔壁上;采用弓形法测得的功能陶粒水泥基吸波材料在8~18GHz频率范围内的电磁波反射率明显优于采用碎石和普通陶粒制备的试样。