四方相氧化锆粉体制备工艺研究

以ZrOCl2·8H2O和Y2O3为主要原料,采用醇-水溶液加热结合共沉淀法制备出Y2O3稳定的纳米ZrO2复合粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了复合粉体的物相组成和晶粒大小.结果显示,当Y2O3含量为2mol%时,复合粉体由单斜相ZrO2和少量四方相ZrO2组成;当Y2O3含量为3mol%、4mol%时,粉体全部由四方相ZrO2,组成.750℃～900℃煅烧时,复合粉体的物相组成变化不大,但四方相ZrO2,的晶粒尺寸随煅烧温度升高而增大.     

微波水热辅助沉淀法制备氧化铝/碳化硅复合粉体

用微波水热辅助沉淀法制得氧化铝前驱体/碳化硅复合粉体,用XRD、SEM、TG-DSC对粉体进行了表征.研究表明:经过微波水热后,氧化铝的前驱体转变为AlO(OH),随着微波水热时间延长,AlO(OH)的结晶程度越来越高.pH值为7时,煅烧后的Al2 O3/SiC复合粉体的包覆效果最佳.     

水热法制备负热膨胀性ZrW2O8粉体

用水热法并经570 ℃热处理6 h制备了ZrW2O8粉体,对水热法制备的前驱体进行了热重-差热分析.用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜对ZrW2O8粉体的微观结构及形貌进行表征,结果表明:ZrW2O8粉体为单一α-ZrW2O8相,粉体颗粒为规则的长方体棒状,尺寸约为1.2μm×1.2μm×10μm.原位X射线粉末衍射分析表明:所得ZrW2O8粉体具有很好的负热膨胀特性,从室温到500 ℃,其热膨胀系数为-6.30×10-6 ℃-1;在150～175 ℃温度范围内发生了α-ZrW2O8向β-ZrW2O8相的转变.     

燃烧法合成高纯度负热膨胀材料ZrW2O8粉体

采用燃烧法在较低温度下成功合成了各向同性的负热膨胀材料ZrW2O8粉体.用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱综合分析和研究了反应过程中炉温、硼酸和尿素含量、W6 与Zr4 的摩尔比对合成ZrW2O8纯度的影响.结果表明:燃烧法可以合成高纯度、粒径为0.5μm的ZrW2O8粉体.燃烧法合成高纯ZrW2O8的最佳条件是:炉温为500℃,硼酸的摩尔分数为10%,(NH2)2CO与(NH4)5H5[H2(WO4)6]·H2O ZrOCl2·8H2O的质量比为2∶1,(NH4)5H5[H2(WO4)6]·H2O与ZrOCl2·8H2O的摩尔比为1∶3.2.所合成的ZrW2O8在50～700℃之间的线膨胀系数a=-5.08×10-6/℃,其线膨胀系数与温度的关系符合方程dL/L0=-1.4×10-2-4.5×10-4T(50℃≤T≤700℃).     

Ni/Si_3N_4金属陶瓷粉体的制备与表征

以Si3N4,NiCl2和水合肼(N2H4·H2O)为原料,采用非匀相形核工艺,在Si3N4的表面包覆一层金属Ni,得到了Ni包裹Si3N4金属陶瓷复合粉体。利用X射线衍射(XRD)确定了样品的相组成,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了样品的微观结构,用能谱仪(EDS)表征了粉体中的元素分布。研究发现,在pH值为11时,可以制得均匀的包覆粉体,复合粉体的的形貌基本上是类球形。     

不同淬火工艺制备ZrW2O8及其负热膨胀性能研究

以分析纯ZrO2和WO3粉体为原料,采用分步固相法制备出ZrW2O8粉体,冷压成型并在1200℃下烧结4 h后炉冷、空气冷、水冷和液氮淬冷处理.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热膨胀仪对合成样品的晶体结构、断面形貌和热膨胀性能进行表征.试验结果表明:随着冷却速度的增加,ZrW2O8分解为ZrO2和WO3的比例降低,随炉冷却制备的ZrW2O8完全分解为ZrO2和WO3;空冷制备的ZrW2O8.部分分解为ZrO2和WO3;在水和液氮中淬火得到纯ZrW2O8.在室温到600℃的测试区间内,采用空冷、水和液氮淬冷制备的ZrW2O8.的负热膨胀系数分别为-3.96×10-5K-1、-4.49×10-6 K-1和-5.95×10-6 K-1.     

两种Cu包裹SiC颗粒复合粉体工艺的研究

为改善SiC与金属的结合性，分别采用化学镀法和非均相沉淀法制备Cu包裹SiC颗粒复合粉体。通过XRD衍射分析得出以上两种包裹方法都可以得到大部分包裹着Cu相的SiC颗粒，同一组分比例下非均相沉淀法得到的Cu相对于化学镀法得到的Cu多，且非均相沉淀法同样得到相对较多的Cu2O。SEM形貌观察分析得出：化学镀法容易制备Cu包裹粒径较大碳化硅颗粒，非均相沉淀法容易制备Cu包裹粒径较大碳化硅颗粒，其大小、形状均对包覆效果有影响，小颗粒的碳化硅颗粒比大颗粒的包覆效果好，球形颗粒比其他形貌的颗粒包覆效果好。     

氧化铝包覆二硫化钼复合粉体的制备与表征

通过Al(NO3)3·9H2O水解,利用非均匀成核方法制备了MoS2/Al2O3的复合粉体,对复合粉体制备的工艺条件进行了研究,并利用SEM/EDS、TEM、XRD等方法对样品进行表征.结果表明:Al3+浓度、pH值、反应温度及滴定速度是影响包覆效果的主要因素,制备MoS2/Al2O3复合粉体的最佳工艺条件是Al3+浓...     

熔盐法制备镁铬尖晶石粉体的研究

以MgCl2.6H2O、CaCO3和Cr2O3为原料,在NaCl、KCl复合熔盐介质中合成了MgCr2O4粉体。通过热重-差示扫描热量计(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对反应过程及产物进行了分析和表征,结果表明,在CaCO3、MgCl2.6H2O、Cr2O3原料在反应过程中生成了MgO,800℃热处理后MgO与Cr2O3反应生镁铬尖晶石;温度的升高和保温时间的延长有利镁铬尖晶石的生长及发育,随着热处理温度的升高和保温时间的延长,镁铬尖晶石晶体结晶程度增大,粉体粒径增大。     

化学镀法制备SiC/Cu金属陶瓷复合粉体工艺的研究

为改善SiC与其他金属的结合性能，采用化学镀法在SiC粉体上镀Cu，制备包覆型陶瓷颗粒。通过精选、粗化、敏化、活化表面镀前处理，用硫酸铜镀液成功地得到在SiC上均匀镀Cu的包覆粉体，利用Olympus显微镜观察到包覆程度可达95％，通过详细讨论镀液的配方、pH值、镀液与SiC粉体的配比与对包覆效果的影响，最终得到硫酸铜用量控制在10—15g／l能得到我们所控制的沉积反应速度；包覆反应过程中pH值控制在11—13之间较为合适。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。