Selective noise filtration of image signals using wavelet transform

This paper examines the technique of denoising and signal extraction using wavelet transform scale space decomposition. The noisy signal is decomposed into multiple scales by the dyadic wavelet transform. At a given position, the level of correlation is used to deduce the presence or absence of significant feature of signals or images, which is then passed through the filter. By comparing the correlation information of the data at that scale with those at larger scales, noise is preferentially removed from the data. In the wavelet transform domain, the desired features are identified and retained because they are strongly correlated across scales compared to noise. This denoising algorithm can be used to reduce noise to a high degree of accuracy, while preserving most of the important features of the signal. In this paper, this technique of scale space filtering is applied to sample signals and images. Representative results are presented which shows that considerable noise content in signals and images can be reduced while preserving the value of the desired signal.     

Adaptive tuning piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation with Wiener filter in wavelet domain for scanning electron microscope images

Image processing is introduced to remove or reduce the noise and unwanted signal that deteriorate the quality of an image. Here, a single level two‐dimensional wavelet transform is applied to the image in order to obtain the wavelet transform sub‐band signal of an image. An estimation technique to predict the noise variance in an image is proposed, which is then fed into a Wiener filter to filter away the noise from the sub‐band of the image. The proposed filter is called adaptive tuning piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation with Wiener filter in the wavelet domain. The performance of this filter is compared with four existing filters: median filter, Gaussian smoothing filter, two level wavelet transform with Wiener filter and adaptive noise Wiener filter. Based on the results, the adaptive tuning piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation with Wiener filter in wavelet domain has better performance than the other four methods.     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络模型的小波自适应斑点噪声滤除算法

分析了维纳滤波原理和脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)模型的特点,根据斑点噪声统计模型的特征,结合小波变换方法,提出了一种基于PCNN模型的小波自适应斑点噪声滤除算法(W-PCNN-WD)来改善超声图像质量.首先,对超声图像进行对数变换,使斑点噪声转换为加性噪声;对医学图像进行维纳滤波处理,计算其加性噪声的标准方差,并以此作为小波阈值.然后,利用小波变换对图像进行预处理,利用PCNN在小波域中对小波系数进行相应的修正.最后,进行小波逆变换和指数变换,获得滤除噪声的图像.结果表明:本文提出的滤波方法优于其他滤波方法,当噪声方差为0.01时,本文滤波算法获得的峰值信噪比(PSNR)比经Wiener滤波方法获得的高出9 dB.该滤波方法能在有效去除超声斑点噪声的基础上保留图像的边缘细节信息,极大地改善了图像的视觉质量.     

基于小波变换和自适应中值滤波的图像去噪

小波图像去噪已经成为目前图像去噪的主要方法之一。该文尝试把小波变换与自适应中值滤波这两种去噪方法相结合,对同时含有高斯噪声和椒盐噪声的图像进行了去噪研究。实验结果表明,此方法在去除噪声的同时也较好地保留了原始图像的边缘信息,效果不仅优于单一的小波变换或普通中值滤波的方法,更优于将小波变换与普通中值滤波相结合的方法。     

基于小波域维纳滤波的光纤面板暗影检测

通过分析光纤面板透光图像的噪声性质,提出在小波去噪的始末对图像取对数、指数变换,成功转换噪声模型,有效去除高斯及斑点噪声.并提出在小波域采用维纳滤波算法以增强去噪功能,实现更为有效地去除光纤面板透光图像中的噪声.最后对去噪图像进行暗影检测,实验结果表明,采用此算法进行去噪,检测出的暗影定位更加精准,冗余信息大量减少,有...     

基于小波域统计模型的纸浆纤维图像去噪研究

在小波多尺度分析基础上，提出一种新的图像小波系数的白适应统计算法，并应用于纸浆纤维图像的去噪研究。将图像小波系数视为服从广义高斯分布（GGD）的随机变量模型，在小波软阈值去噪的基础上引入空间自适应阈值方法；将均值滤波算法应用于小波系数方差的边缘估计中，结合最大后验概率准则（MAP）进行参数估计以恢复噪音小波图像。该算法用于纸浆纤维图像的去噪，效果理想，同其它的图像去噪算法相比，它具有较高的峰值信噪比（PSNR）。     

漏磁信号增强算法研究

对漏磁信号进行增强处理以提高其信噪比是实现漏磁数据智能分析的重要前提。漏磁信号中同时包含低频和高频噪声,直接进行处理往往会产生较高的错误率。从无限长矩形凹槽的磁偶极子模型中发现,漏磁场的切向分量和法向分量的原函数和一阶导数具有较强的交叉相关性。于是,利用这种交叉相关性,提出将漏磁场磁感应强度切向分量和法向分量融合的漏磁信号增强算法,对检测目标位置的信号进行增强,同时对其余位置的噪声进行抑制,从而提高漏磁信号的信噪比。利用牵拉实验数据和在役管道漏磁内检测数据对算法进行了初步验证和推广。最后,从在役管道漏磁内检测数据中收集了若干样本,并提出适合于漏磁信号的信号质量评估方法,对所提增强算法进行量化评估。实验结果显示,几乎所有样本的信号质量均得到了提高,大多数样本得到了不小于10 dB的提高。     

基于dbN小波变换和自适应高斯滤波的齿面干涉图像相位滤波方法

齿轮齿面形貌的激光干涉测量中，由于齿面高度差较大，采集到的干涉图像中难以避免存在条纹密集区域，容易出现局部条纹粘连、错切等现象，增加了相位噪声和解包裹难度。分析了包裹相位图中条纹密度分布规律，提出了一种基于dbN小波变换和自适应高斯滤波的齿面干涉图像相位去噪方法。首先，利用小波变换分解出包裹相位图中常表现为高频信号的噪声，采用软阈值去噪滤除部分高频噪声；其次，根据包裹相位图频域特征，结合自适应高斯滤波进一步对高频噪声进行迭代滤波处理；最后，设计了相关实验，通过与经典的滤波方法进行对比，所提方法不仅能够有效滤除条纹较为密集的包裹相位图中的相位噪声，而且更大限度地保留了图像细节信息，证明了所提方法的有效性和正确性。     

Quantitative diagnosis for bearing faults by improving ensemble empirical mode decomposition

In the bearing health assessment issues, using the adaptive nonstationary vibration signal processing methods in the time-frequency domain, lead to improving of early fault detection. On the other hand, the noise and random impulses which contaminates the input data, are a major challenge in extracting fault-related features. The main goal of this paper is to improve the Ensemble Empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm and combine it with a new proposed denoising process and the higher order spectra to increase the accuracy and speed of the fault severity and type detection. The main approach is to use statistical features without using any dimension reduction and data training. To eliminate unrelated components from faulty condition, the best combination of denoising parameters based on the wavelet transform, is determined by a proposed performance index. In order to enhance the efficiency of the EEMD algorithm, a systematic method is presented to determine the proper amplitude of the additive noise and the Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) selection scheme. The fault occurrence detection and the fault severity level identification are performed by the Fault Severity Index (FSI) definition based on the energy level of the Combined Fault-Sensitive IMF (CFSIMF) envelope using the central limit theorem. Also, taking the advantages of a bispectrum analysis of CFSIMF envelope, fault type recognition can be achieved by Fault Type Index (FTI) quantification. Finally, the proposed method is validated using experimental data set from two different test rigs. Also, the role of the optimum denoising process and the algorithm of systematic selection of the EEMD parameters are described regardless of its type and estimating the consistent degradation pattern.     

中值滤波与小波变换的指纹图像混合去噪的算法

图像去噪是指纹图像预处理中的重要内容,直接影响着指纹识别系统的准确率.结合中值滤波与小波去噪分别去除椒盐噪声和高斯噪声中的优势,提出了一种指纹图像混合去噪算法,并对其中的关键步骤进行了详细分析.仿真结果表明:相对于单一使用一种去噪方法,混合去噪算法能更有效地去除指纹图像中的椒盐和高斯混合噪声,获得了较好的峰值信噪比增益.     

Gear fault diagnosis using active noise cancellation and adaptive wavelet transform

Acoustic signal from a gear mesh with faulty gears is in general non-stationary and noisy in nature. Present work demonstrates improvement of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) by using an active noise cancellation (ANC) method for removing the noise. The active noise cancellation technique is designed with the help of a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) based Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filter. The acoustic signal from the healthy gear mesh has been used as the reference signal in the adaptive filter. Inadequacy of the continuous wavelet transform to provide good time–frequency information to identify and localize the defect has been removed by processing the denoised signal using an adaptive wavelet technique. The adaptive wavelet is designed from the signal pattern and used as mother wavelet in the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The CWT coefficients so generated are compared with the standard wavelet based scalograms and are shown to be apposite in analyzing the acoustic signal. A synthetic signal is simulated to conceptualize and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Synthetic signal analysis also offers vital clues about the suitability of the ANC as a denoising tool, where the error signal is the denoised signal. The experimental validation of the proposed method is presented using a customized gear drive test setup by introducing gears with seeded defects in one or more of their teeth. Measurement of the angles between two or more damaged teeth with a high level of accuracy is shown to be possible using the proposed algorithm. Experiments reveal that acoustic signal analysis can be used as a suitable contactless alternative for precise gear defect identification and gear health monitoring.     

A new MNF–BM4D denoising algorithm based on guided filtering for hyperspectral images

This paper proposed a new MNF–BM4D denoising algorithm based on guided filtering to improve the denoising performance of the state-of-the-art Block-Matching and 4D filtering(BM4D) algorithm for hyperspectral images in the spatial and spectral domain. BM4D is firstly used to denoise hyperspectral images. Then Minimum Noise Fraction(MNF) algorithm is introduced to distinguish between the main component and the noisy component. Finally, the guided image filtering technology is utilized to further improve the denoising performance. A number of experiments on both simulated and real data are conducted to validate the effective denoising performance of the proposed method. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can be considered as a promising technique for hyperspectral imagery denoising.     

SF6断路器气体泄漏红外图像中散斑噪声的抑制算法

SF6断路器是电力系统中常见的电气设备,针对SF6断路器气体泄漏红外图像中广泛存在的激光散斑噪声,提出一种抑制散斑噪声的新算法.将同态均值滤波与小波变换结合,并应用贝叶斯软阈值,对红外图像进行去噪处理.研究中,将该算法与同态均值滤波、同态均值滤波与传统周定小波阈值结合滤波等算法作了比较,结果表明,在图像标准偏差、信噪比和散斑指数等常用性能指标上所提算法优于其他算法.     

小波变换的流体压力信号自适应滤波方法研究

为了有效地消除流体压力信号中的噪声,提出了一种基于小波变换的自适应滤波算法,该算法针对信号和噪声经小波变换后在不同尺度上的特征不同,先对信号进行小波多尺度分解,然后对各尺度分解的信号分别选用不同的滤波参数,进行自适应滤波处理,并用该方法对液压系统运行中采集的压力信号进行降噪处理.试验结果表明,该方法比普通的自适应滤波方法能更有效地消除流体压力信号中的噪声.     

非平稳信号自适应滤波的小波模型与滤波方法

分析自适应滤波和小波滤波的原理与方法,建立非平稳信号的自适应滤波的小波模型和滤波方法。利用小波变换的多尺度分解,将分离出来的噪声成分作为自适应滤波器的输入信号。通过自适应滤波器组能同时实现对多种噪声成分的最佳滤波,是实现信噪分离的最佳滤波方法,具有优良的滤波性能。模型验证和工程实例应用表明,该方法能实现非平稳信号在同频段对噪声成分和有用信号的最佳估计。     

结合压缩感知和曲波的天文图像去噪

在天文图像去噪中,为了提高迭代曲波阈值算法的去噪重建性能,提出了基于循环平移和曲波维纳滤波的压缩感知迭代重构算法。首先,使用基于曲波阈值的循环平移方法对重构图像进行调整以抑制重构图像中的伪吉布斯效应;接着,用提出的曲波维纳滤波算子替代小波阈值在迭代过程中对图像曲波系数进行筛选以进一步提高重构图像的质量。通过对添加高斯白噪声的Lena图像和月球图像进行重构实验,分析本文算法和当前主流算法的性能。实验结果表明,与传统的压缩感知迭代曲波阈值算法相比,本文算法能够获得较优的去噪性能,有效地保护天文图像的细节信息,峰值信噪比大约提高了2.6~3.2dB。     

小波变换在超声成像检测中的应用

研究小波变换在粗晶材料超声成像检测中的应用,为了克服粗晶材料噪声对超声图像质量的影响,利用超声图像小波系数的统计特性,提出了一种自适应子带图像选择算法。该算法提高了基于小波变换的超声图像增强技术的实用性。实验结果表明,在粗晶材料超声成像 通过本算法处理能够得到高质量的超声检测图像。     

Noise suppression and flaw detection of ultrasonic signals via empirical mode decomposition

In ultrasonic nondestructive testing, the precise detection of flaw echoes buried in backscattering noise caused by highly scattering materials is a problem of great importance. In this paper, a new signal decomposition method for analyzing nonstationary or nonlinear data, empirical mode decomposition, is proposed to deal with ultrasonic signals. A new denoising technique that combines empirical mode decomposition and filtering simultaneously in the time domain and frequency domain is designed to suppress noise and enhance flaw signals. Synthetic and experimental signals are denoised with this EMD-based filtering technique. Simulated results are presented and analyzed, showing that the proposed technique has an excellent performance even when the signal-to-noise ratio is very low (−23 dB). The improvement in flaw detection was experimentally verified on a pipeline sample with artificial flaws. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

电域自适应中红外激光甲烷传感系统

为了抑制甲烷传感器中统计特性无法预知的电学噪声,本文结合递归最小二乘自适应去噪算法和直接吸收光谱技术,使用中心波长为3 291nm的带间级联激光器和多反射吸收气室,研制了一种电域自适应中红外甲烷传感器系统。在传统探测器输出信号(称为信号通道)的基础上,增加了激光器电流驱动器的反馈信号作为噪声通道来感知电学噪声。利用MATLAB软件对最小二乘法在直接吸收光谱技术中的滤波效果进行了仿真。通过在激光器驱动信号中施加不同的噪声,实验验证了最小二乘法的去噪效果。针对该传感器的Allan标准差结果表明,当不使用自适应最小二乘法时,系统在积分时间为6s的检测下限为78.8nL/L;使用RLS自适应算法时,系统的检测下限为43.9nL/L。相比基于传统传感结构和滤波方法的中红外直接吸收光谱传感器,本文所报道的中红外甲烷传感器由于采用了电域自适应滤波方法,因而呈现出更好的抗干扰性和稳定性。     

基于改进小波域阈值法的平移不变振动信号去噪

针对含噪振动信号的去噪问题,采用了目前最有效的小波算法。在传统小波域阈值法的基础上,克服了软、硬阈值的缺陷,采用了新的闽值函数,并通过平移不变小波变换对去噪效果进行了强化。通过与几种方法去噪效果的仿真对比,其结果表明,新的去噪方案可以获得最大的信噪比（SNR）,其去噪效果明显优于传统的软、硬阈值函数,并在实际振动信号的处理中得到了很好的应用。