乳酸菌抗真菌生物防腐剂作用机理和前景展望

食品在储藏过程中易受霉菌及其产生的毒素的污染,严重危害人类健康。许多研究发现有些乳酸菌能够通过产生的有机酸、短肽、过氧化氢、以及其自身的吸附能力等抑制霉菌生长,吸附真菌毒素,以降低食品中霉菌及其毒素的含量,延长食品货架期。对乳酸菌的代谢产物及其抗真菌活性的深入研究表明,乳酸菌作为生物防腐剂具有良好的应用前景,有望成为安全的食品添加剂。     

Application of whey of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana fermented by lactic acid bacteria as a bread biopreservative agent

A total of nine isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from tomato and sourdough with antifungal activity were employed to revaluate the whey of Mozzarella di Bufala through the fermentation process for 72 h at 37 °C. Then, the fermented whey (BWF) was characterised and used as biopreservative in bread formulation. L. plantarum TR7 and L. plantarum TR2 strains showed average lactic acid concentration in BWF of 13.8 g L⁻¹. Also, the bread volatile organic compounds (VOC) analysis showed an increase in hexanal, benzeneacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde and pyrazine tetramethyl when using BWF as ingredient. Moreover, the DPPH-inhibitory activity of bread with BWF extract also reflected a 33% rise in comparison with control bread. The application of BWF as a biopreservation agent in bread showed an increase in shelf life compared with bread with 0.3% calcium propionate and bread control for 2 and 15 days, respectively. BWF can be used as an interesting biopreservation strategy of bread.     

食品检验中乳酸菌鉴定方法的探讨

目的评价GB 4789《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验》中乳酸菌的鉴定方法。方法选择5种双歧杆菌、4种乳酸杆菌和1种链球菌共10株乳酸菌,分别采用GB 4789标准中的方法、API生化鉴定系统、16S rRNA基因序列分析法和RiboPrinter全自动基因指纹图谱分析法进行鉴定。结果 GB 4789对乳酸杆菌和嗜热链球菌鉴定效果较好,对双歧杆菌的鉴定能力较弱;API鉴定乳酸菌一般至"属"水平;16S rRNA序列分析和RiboPrinter系统可鉴定乳酸菌至"种"水平,婴儿双歧杆菌的鉴定结果为长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种。结论建议GB 4789标准中增加分子生物学方法作为乳酸菌鉴定方法的补充,同时建议及时更新标准中菌株的分类和名称。     

Using lactic acid bacteria for developing novel fish food products

Lactic acid bacteria‐induced fermentation of fish was tested with the purpose of developing a novel fish food product with desired meat properties. Three selected lactic acid bacteria strains, isolated from lightly preserved fish products, were inoculated into minced frozen fillet of yellowfin tuna, and changes in fish properties were observed during 52 days of storage at 8 °C. Organoleptic, bacteriological and biochemical studies (pH, histamine, TVB‐N, malonaldehyde) and shelf‐life measurements suggest that Leuconostoc mesenteroides could be considered as a possible starter culture for fish fermentation, but additional experiments should be performed. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

乳酸菌肉品发酵剂的选择

从发酵肉制品中分离、纯化乳酸菌132株,对它们的主要发酵特性进行了测定,以生产干发酵香肠誓前篓,从中选出4株乳酸菌优选菌株R17、P20、P30和J33。4株菌生长速度有显著差异,温度对其生长速度有显著的影响。其中R17和P20之间没有拮抗关系,可以作为混合发酵剂。P30和J33可以作为单菌发酵剂。     

Bacteriocins as food preservatives: Challenges and emerging horizons

ABSTRACT

The increasing demand for fresh-like food products and the potential health hazards of chemically preserved and processed food products have led to the advent of alternative technologies for the preservation and maintenance of the freshness of the food products. One such preservation strategy is the usage of bacteriocins or bacteriocins producing starter cultures for the preservation of the intended food matrixes. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized smaller polypeptide molecules that exert antagonistic activity against closely related and unrelated group of bacteria. This review is aimed at bringing to lime light the various class of bacteriocins mainly from gram positive bacteria. The desirable characteristics of the bacteriocins which earn them a place in food preservation technology, the success story of the same in various food systems, the various challenges and the strategies employed to put them to work efficiently in various food systems has been discussed in this review. From the industrial point of view various aspects like the improvement of the producer strains, downstream processing and purification of the bacteriocins and recent trends in engineered bacteriocins has also been briefly discussed in this review.     

产细菌素乳酸菌在蔬菜发酵制品生物保鲜中的应用

生物保鲜（biopreservation）是当今食品保藏和食品安全研究的热点。近年来,大量的研究致力于细菌素和产细菌素菌种在食品生物保鲜中的应用策略。本文主要介绍最新的产细菌素乳酸菌（LAB）在蔬菜发酵制品中的应用,通过将产细菌素乳酸菌作为发酵菌剂（starter culture）、保护菌剂（protective culture）或共培养菌剂（co-culture）运用到蔬菜的发酵制作中,以稳定蔬菜发酵过程中微生物体系,控制腐败和病原菌的存活和生长。      

Class IIa bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria: antibacterial activity and food preservation

In the last decade, a variety of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, or bacteriocins, produced by lactic acid bacteria have been identified and characterized. As a result of these studies, insight has been gained into various fundamental aspects of biology and biochemistry such as bacteriocin processing and secretion, mechanisms of cell immunity, and structure-function relationships. In parallel, there has been a growing awareness that bacteriocins may be developed into useful antimicrobial food additives. Class IIa bacteriocins can be considered as the major subgroup of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria, not only because of their large number, but also because of their significant biological activities and potential applications. The present review provides an overview of the knowledge available for class IIa bacteriocins and discusses common features and recent findings concerning these substances. The activity and potential food applications of class IIa bacteriocins are a major focus of this review.     

味全乳酸菌

乳品是消费者每天都需要摄入的东西,但因消费者自身原因会在摄入后产生不适的状况．加之最近频繁爆出乳品安全问题,让消费者对乳品的选择有了一些担忧．所以纯奶制品的销售额一直不太稳定,这给纯奶企业与经销商的投资带来了不利因素。但如果不是纯奶制品的乳品．例如果奶、花生奶等,却一直没有在销售业绩上出现下滑征兆。     

活性乳酸菌制品中乳酸菌计数培养条件探讨

为快速、准确地计数活性乳酸菌制品中的乳酸菌，用CO2烛缸法代替现行国家标准GB／T16347－1996活性乳酸菌饮料中乳酸菌微生物检验方法中的有氧培养法，CO2烛缸法操作简便，计算准确可靠，在菌种对比实验中，CO2烛缸法的乳酸菌计数结果是国家标准方法的8倍，在试样的对比实验中，CO2烛缸法的乳酸菌计数结果是国家标准方法的20倍，CO2烛缸法较目前国家标准方法更能真实施反映活性乳酸菌制品中乳酸菌的数量。     

传统发酵食品中乳酸菌生态演替研究进展

传统发酵食品具有微生物多样性和多变性的生态学特征,微生态学研究可揭示发酵过程中微生物的丰度和均匀度及其演变规律,探究微生物与食品基质和环境之间,微生物与微生物之间相互作用关系。该文对韩国泡菜、酵头、发酵香肠和开菲尔乳等传统乳酸发酵食品中乳酸菌的发生、发展与演替过程进行分析,阐明在传统发酵食品中乳酸菌种群生态演替过程,同时介绍了用于食品微生态学研究的技术方法,为我国传统食品研究提供借鉴与参考,旨在提高我国传统发酵食品研究水平。     

乳酸菌的分类鉴定及在食品工业中的应用

乳酸菌是一类革兰氏阳性杆菌或球菌、可収酵乳糖或葡萄糖产生大量乳酸的细菌的通称,将乳酸菌应用到食品中具有提高其营养价值,改善食品风味,抑制食品中腐败菌的生长,延长食品保质期等作用。因其独特的生理特性,近年来国内外学者对乳酸菌的研究逐渐增多。本文主要论述了乳酸菌的分类和鉴定技术,介绍了传统鉴定斱法和分子生物学鉴定斱法的优缺点以及乳酸菌在食品工业(乳制品、肉制品、果蔬制品、食品保鲜)中的应用,为提高乳酸菌的鉴定效率以及乳酸菌在食品工业、饲料生产和临床医疗上的迚一步应用提供参考。     

多株乳酸菌发酵制作大豆休闲食品的开发研究

对大豆多菌株的发酵工艺进行了探讨,确定了最佳菌种组合及种间比为V(La)∶V(Lb)∶V(Bb)=2∶1∶1,并通过正交实验确定发酵的最佳工艺条件为:接种量3%,麦芽汁添加量2.5%,葡萄糖添加量1%,在37℃条件下培养48h。发酵后的大豆进行糖渍、风干、成型、油炸等表面处理工艺,制成一种外酥里嫩、酸甜适口、营养丰富并含有保健因子的甘性酸豆休闲食品。     

食品中乳酸菌危害因子的研究进展

乳酸菌在食品加工和储存过程中具有重要作用,不仅能改善食品风味,丰富营养价值,还有维持肠道健康、延缓衰老等保健功能。但是,某些生产用乳酸菌会产生过量生物胺,影响食品感官品质,威胁人体健康,而且部分乳酸菌携带可转移耐药基因,增加了肠道菌群中耐药性水平转移的风险。综述了近年来食品中乳酸菌危害因子的合成途径和产生机制、检测方法和控制策略等。     

The lactic acid bacteria,the food chain,and their regulation

This viewpoint deals with regulatory aspects of microbial cultures added to foods, and primarily the lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The authors propose a number of key principles for future regulation of these cultures by the European Union. These principles are supported by brief reviews of LAB taxonomy, safety, and consumer perception. Then, a review is given of advantages and drawbacks of current US and EU legislation and leads to a proposal for an EU system of generic approval of cultures. The system would be based on inventories of micro-organisms with well-established histories of safe use.     

UPLC-MS/MS法快速测定乳酸菌发酵食品中的苯乳酸

建立一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定发酵食品中苯乳酸的方法,并利用此方法对45种乳酸菌发酵食品中苯乳酸的含量进行测定.样品经甲醇提取,采用UPLC-MS/MS法,...     

Probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria from fermented Malaysian food or milk products

This study investigated the probiotic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from 14 Malaysian fermented food or milk products. In total, 22.3% (121 of 542) of the LAB isolated from the local fermented products exhibited antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus. Twelve LAB that demonstrated better antibacterial activity against M. luteus as compared to a commercial strain Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LABPC) were selected for further characterisation. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, the LAB were identified as pediococci (seven) and lactobacilli (five). All 12 LAB showed bile tolerance, but only eight were acid tolerant at pH ≥ 3.0. The highest level of adhesion to HT‐29 cells was observed among the Lactobacillus sp. LAB 1 and 10. The LAB also showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through the production of organic acids. LAB isolated from Malaysian fermented food and milk products, especially fermented tapioca, contains potential probiotic candidates.     

鲊广椒细菌多样性评价及其对风味的影响

本研究使用Illumina MiSeq测序技术解析兴山和保靖鲊广椒细菌群落结构。α多样性分析表明,兴山鲊广椒群落多样性及丰度均低于保靖鲊广椒（P<0.05）。两地鲊广椒中细菌主要是隶属于厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的Lactobacillus（乳酸杆菌属）,其在兴山鲊广椒中含量为50.24%,在保靖鲊广椒中为88.26%。β多样性分析发现,兴山和保靖鲊广椒细菌群落结构整体上具有显著差异（P<0.01）,同时发现11个差异显著的细菌类群,其中得分较高的为Lactobacillus和Chishuiella（赤水河菌属）。表型预测发现,兴山鲊广椒细菌类群在可移动原件、生物膜形成、革兰氏阴性、致病潜力和氧化胁迫耐受等表型上表达显著,而保靖鲊广椒细菌类群则在革兰氏阳性表型上表达显著。