GB／T19001-2008标准换版要求

2008版ISO9001《质量管理体系 要求》国际标准已于2008年11月15日正式发布。国家标准GB／T19001—2008也于2008年12月30日发布。并于2009年3月1日开始实施。修订后的国家标准不仅对原文变化部分做出了修改。同时结合我国采用GB/T19000族标准的实践,对很多地方做了修正,更清晰、明确地表达标准的要求。     

国家认监委通知做好GB／T 19001标准换版工作有关问题

2008版ISO9001《质量管理体系要求》国际标准已于2008年11月15日正式发布,中国国家标准GB／T19001—2008已经发布并于2009年3月1日实施。修订后的国家标准不仅对原文变化部分做出了修改,同时结合我国采用GB／T 19000族标准的实践．对很多地方做了修正．更清晰、明确地表达标准的要求。为做好标准换版工作,并以标准换版为契机,     

碳素工具钢国家标准的变化

GB／T1298—2008（碳素工具钢》国家标准于2008年5月13日修订发布、2008年11月1日实施。实施后将代替GB／T1298—1986《碳素工具钢技术条件》及GB／T227—1991《工具钢淬透性试验方法》。新版标准技术内容有实质性变化,贯彻新标准时应引起注意。     

新版ISO 9001∶2008和OHSAS 18001∶2007标准内容的变化及新、旧标准的分析比较

新版ISO 9001《质量管理体系要求》已于2008年11月15日正式发布,GB/T 19001—2008也于2008年12月30日发布,并于2009年3月1日开始实施。修订后的国家标准不仅对原文变化部分做出了修改,同时结合我国采用GB/T 19000族标准的实践,对很多地方做了修订,更清晰、明确地表达标准的要求。当前,企业正面临着标准的换版工作。为了让各级审核人员和企业质量管理人员尽早理解ISO 9001∶2008的变化和运用,我刊特策划《ISO 9001∶2008标准——关注与解读》专题,邀请房贵如研究员撰写《新版ISO 9001∶2008和OHSAS 18001∶2007标准内容的变化及新、旧标准的分析比较》一文,收集整理有关ISO 9001新版标准的资料,指在帮助企业顺利进行质量管理体系的换版工作,并以标准换版为契机,促进质量管理体系认证有效性的不断提高,全面提升企业管理水平。     

GB/T 15498-2003《企业标准体系管理标准和工作标准体系》介绍

企业管理标准和工作标准体系是企业标准体系中的重要组成部分，是提高企业素质的有效工具，是增强企业产品市场竞争能力的有力保证，是提高企业经济效益的有效途径。GB／T15498——2003《企业标准体系管理标准和工作标准体系》（简称新标准）是企业标准体系系列标准之一，是对GB／T15498——1995《企业标准体系管理标准、工作标准体系的构成和要求》（简称旧标准）的修订，于2003年9月15日发布、2003年10月1日实施。     

GB/T 19273-2003《企业标准体系评价与改进》介绍

为了适应市场经济，建立和完善企业标准体系及有效开展标准化工作，我国对1995年版企业标准体系系列标准进行了全面修订，首次发布GB／T19273—2003《企业标准体系评价与改进》，2003年9月5日发布，10月1日实施。     

恒锋工具股份有限公司主持《圆柱直齿渐开线花键量规》标准修订

经中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会共同批准,新修订的GB／T51062012《圆柱直齿渐开线花键蛩规》标准已于2012年12月31日发布,     

GB/T 13017—2008《企业标准体系表编制指南》介绍

GB/T 13017—2008《企业标准体系表编制指南》已于2008年6月30日发布,2008年11月1日实施。本文将对GB/T 13017—2008进行详细解读。     

浅议《企业标准化工作指南》标准中的企业标准体系的层次结构

《企业标准化工作指南》等三个国家标准于1995年3月6日发布，1995年6月1日起实施。三个标准的发布实施，无疑对企业在市场经济条件下，开展标准化工作、建立健全企业标准体系以及加强企业管理，具有很好的指导性作用。但是，笔者在学习、宣贯这三项标准时，对GB／T15947－1995（企业标准体系技术标准体系的构成和要求｝）、GB／T15948－1995（企业标准体系管理标准工作标准体系的构成和要求》中的层次结构，有些不同的看法，在此与标准制定者商榷。IGB／T15497中的层次结构标准图2中的层次结构为：第一层，技术基础标准；第二层，营销技…     

GB/T15498—2017《企业标准体系基础保障》标准解读

<正>国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会于2017年12月29日发布了GB/T15498—2017《企业标准体系基础保障》。该标准由中国标准化协会归口,中国电力企业联合会、江苏省质量技术监督局、山东省标准化研究院、浙江省标准化协会等单位起草,并于2018年7月1日起实施。GB/T 15498—2017是对GB/T 15498—2003 《企业标准体系管理标准和工作标准体系》的修订。     

Wavelets: on the virtues and applications of the mathematical microscope

The paper provides a short introduction to wavelets and discusses their main applications in microscopy and biological imaging.     

Development of the nervus terminalis: origin and migration

The origin of the nervus terminalis is one of the least well understood developmental events involved in generating the cranial ganglia of the forebrain in vertebrate animals. This cranial nerve forms at the formidable interface of the anteriormost limits of migrating cranial neural crest cells, the terminal end of the neural tube and the differentiating olfactory and adenohypophyseal placodes. The complex cellular interactions that give rise to the various structures associated with the sensory placode (olfactory) and endocrine placode (adenohypophysis) surround and engulf this enigmatic cranial nerve. The tortured history of nervus terminalis development (see von Bartheld, this issue, pages 13-24) reflects the lack of consensus on the origin (or origins), as well as the experimental difficulties in uncovering the origin, of the nervus terminalis. Recent technical advances have allowed us to make headway in understanding the origin(s) of this nerve. The emergence of the externally fertilized zebrafish embryo as a model system for developmental biology and genetics has shed new light on this century-old problem. Coupled with new developmental models are techniques that allow us to trace lineage, visualize gene expression, and genetically ablate cells, adding to our experimental tools with which to follow up on studies provided by our scientific predecessors. Through these techniques, a picture is emerging in which the origin of at least a subset of the nervus terminalis cells lies in the cranial neural crest. In this review, the data surrounding this finding will be discussed in light of recent findings on neural crest and placode origins.     

Lab-on-a-plate: extending the functionality of MALDI-MS and LDI-MS targets

We review the literature that describes how (matrix-assisted) laser desorption/ionization (MA)LDI target plates can be used not only as sample supports, but beyond that: as functional parts of analytical protocols that incorporate detection by MALDI-MS or matrix-free LDI-MS. Numerous steps of analytical procedures can be performed directly on the (MA)LDI target plates prior to the ionization of analytes in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. These include homogenization, preconcentration, amplification, purification, extraction, digestion, derivatization, synthesis, separation, detection with complementary techniques, data storage, or other steps. Therefore, we consider it helpful to define the "lab-on-a-plate" as a format for carrying out extensive sample treatment as well as bioassays directly on (MA)LDI target plates. This review introduces the lab-on-plate approach and illustrates it with the aid of relevant examples from the scientific and patent literature.     

Cilia in the head of hornets: form and function

In the head of the Oriental hornet, beneath the cuticle, there are plaques of hair cells. These are distributed throughout the upper front part of the head; to wit: in the region of the vertex (i.e., around and behind the ocelli), in the genae around and behind the compound eyes (the ommatidia), and in the region of the forehead or frons. These hair cells are arranged with their thin whip-like part (i.e., cilia) directed outward and morphologically fall into three distinct groups: type (a) thin elongated cilia connected to each other alongside by side-links; type (b) thin elongated cilia of which two or more interconnect at their distal ends via a delicate nerve fiber bearing a knob at its center; and type (c) shorter and thicker cilia that roughly resemble a triangular thorn and are also interconnected by a thin thread, which, however, bears a ball rather then a knob at its center. The knob in the one case and the ball in the other vary in their diameter, but in both instances the interconnecting elements, be they nerve fibers or threads, are seemingly multidirectional. Beneath the frons, in the region of the coronal suture, the hair cells (cilial plaques) are inwardly directed and bear a large trachea at their center. Presumably, the "weighted" cilial cells that are directed toward the exterior of the body aid the hornet in navigation and gravity determination whereas the inwardly directed ciliary cells may possibly serve in acoustic communication. Another element worthy of mention within the hair cells are yellow granules (yg). These yg's originate from the whip-like portion of the ciliary cells that are distributed beneath the frons plate, and also in the yellow stripes of the gastral cuticle. Conceivably, these yellow granules, in both cases, may play a role in the absorption and storage of solar energy. In summary, ciliary structures are involved in the hornet in gravity sensing, in acoustical communication and in light sensing, i.e., with some similarity with what happens in vertebrates in the inner ear and in the photoreceptor.     

Vasotocin and mesotocin in the brains of amphibians: state of the art.

Immunohistochemical studies during the last decade have revealed elaborate systems of vasotocinergic (AVT) and mesotocinergic (MST) neuronal elements in the brain of a variety of amphibians including anurans, urodeles, and gymnophionans. Apart from a well-developed hypothalamo-hypophysial system, the antibodies demonstrated the existence of extrahypothalamic AVT- and MST-immunoreactive cell groups as well as extensive extrahypothalamic networks of immunoreactive fibers. The wide distribution of AVT- and MST-immunoreactive fibers throughout the brains of amphibians suggests that the two neuropeptidergic systems are involved not only in hypothalamo-hypophysial interactions, but also in a variety of other brain functions. Moreover, there is now evidence that sex-related differences occur in amphibians as previously shown for amniotes. It should be noted, however, that substantial variation occurs in the relative densities of AVT- and MST-immunoreactive fibers and number of cells between species, even within a single order of amphibians. Similar observations have been made in other classes of vertebrates and prompt us, therefore, to critically evaluate conclusions with respect to specific functions of AVT and MST in the central nervous system of vertebrates.     

Supraspinal connections of the ovary: structural and functional aspects

This review summarizes our recent studies using the viral transneuronal tracing technique to identify sites in the central nervous system (CNS) that are connected with the ovary. A neurotropic virus (pseudorabies virus) was injected into the ovary and various times after the inoculation the spinal cord and brain were examined for virus-infected neurons identified by immunocytochemistry. Such neurons could be detected in well-defined cell groups of the spinal cord (intermediolateral cell column), brain stem (vagal nuclei, area postrema, parapyramidal nucleus, caudal raphe nuclei, A1, A5, A7 noradrenergic cell groups, locus coeruleus, Barrington's nucleus, periaqueductal gray), hypothalamus (paraventricular nucleus, anterior hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, zona incerta), and, at longer survival time, in some telencephalic structures (amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis). These findings provided the first neuromorphological evidence for the existence of a multisynaptic neuronal pathway between the brain and the ovary presumably involved in the neuronal control of the organ. The observations indicate that there is a significant overlap of CNS structures connected with the ovary, the testis, other organs and organ systems, suggesting similar neuronal circuitries of the autonomic nervous system innervating the different organs. The known descending neuronal connections between the CNS structures labeled from the ovary by the viral transneuronal tracing technique and the findings suggesting a pituitary independent interplay between certain cerebral structures such as the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and the ovary are also summarized in this review.