废聚苯乙烯裂解制备低聚苯乙烯及苯乙烯单体

以废聚苯乙烯为原料，利用裂解法制备低聚苯乙烯及苯乙烯。实验表明，较低裂解温度，一次加料方式有利于低聚苯乙烯的制备；较高裂解温度，连续加料方式有利于苯乙烯的制备；控制反应时间可以控制低聚苯乙烯的分子量。     

煤渣催化聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料热解的研究

废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料容易引起环境污染，需加以利用。采用热解法回收聚苯乙烯往往存在催化剂中毒和裂解残留物后续处理的问题。为此，本文选择煤渣作为催化剂，对废弃聚苯乙烯热解进行回收，通过气相色谱分析确定热解产物。结果表明：升温速度、热解温度对苯乙烯收率有一定影响，慢速升温、热解温度为380℃时，液体溜分中苯乙烯的含量（63%）最高；与其他催化剂比较，煤渣催化的产物收率更高。常压下，催化剂用量超过8%后，液体产物的收率（89%）不再增加；作为燃煤设备所排出的废渣，煤渣质轻、比表面大，主要化学成分为SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3和CaO。煤渣催化属于废物再用，不存在因催化剂中毒而浪费资源的问题；裂解残留物经过简单处理、无需分离就可用作路基通孔渗水材料。     

椰子油催化裂解制备生物燃料的研究

以椰子油为原料,通过液相裂解法和气相催化裂解法制备高品位的生物燃料。在温度450℃、进气速率30 mL/min、反应时间45 min的液相裂解条件下,椰子油液相裂解的液体产率达到最大为76.5%,但裂解液酸值较高,在100 mg/g以上。为了降低裂解液酸值,以纳基膨润土为载体,CaO作为催化剂,对液相裂解产物之一的裂解液进行气相催化裂解。研究结果表明:在温度400℃、催化剂CaO用量15%的条件下,椰子油气相催化裂解的液体产率峰值为69.5%,酸值为26.8 mg/g;在温度450℃、催化剂CaO用量30%的条件下,椰子油气相催化裂解的液体产率为64.1%,酸值为2.8 mg/g,此时酸值最低。经GC-MS分析可知,液相裂解液中主要包含烃类、酮类和酸类等组分,其质量分数分别为32.6%、24.2%和43.3%,而气相催化裂解液中烃类物质增加23.3个百分点,不利的酸、酮类物质则分别降低18.8和4.6个百分点。与椰子油相比,液相裂解的液体产物运动黏度与含氧量降低,酸值与低位热值升高;与液相裂解液相比,气相催化裂解的液体产物的酸值与含氧量降低,热值升高。经气相催化裂解得到的生物燃料和0#柴油更为接近。     

废旧聚苯乙烯塑料裂解制备苯乙烯的方法研究

对聚苯乙烯塑料(PS)催化裂解制备苯乙烯的方法进行研究, 对聚苯乙烯热裂解的机理进行了分析, 考察了不同催化条件对聚苯乙烯裂解产物的影响.     

聚苯乙烯废旧料的回收利用研究

本文就聚苯乙烯废旧料的回收利用进行了研究,介绍了聚苯乙烯废旧料的化学热分解原理及工艺方法;使之高温裂解产生苯乙烯单体,经冷凝等后处理后得到较高纯度的苯乙烯,转化率为90%。化学热分解采用连续式热解炉,其产品苯乙烯用阻聚剂对苯二酚,在20℃以下储存,时间可达3个月。对废旧聚苯乙烯的来源、生产劳动保护条件及社会、经济综合效益都进行了研究探讨。     

粉煤灰共混废弃聚苯乙烯塑料裂解的研究

粉煤灰属于从燃煤烟气里回收的粉末,若未进行治理,则将在空气中产生污染,危害人们的健康和作物生长。将粉煤灰和废弃塑料共混后加热裂解,回收裂解产物,以气相色谱法检验裂解物。加热制度、裂解温度对裂解产物的回收率有较大影响,裂解温度为365℃时,液体成分中单体的含量最高为65.7%,催化裂解实验表明,粉煤灰用量超过总量的12%后,液体产物的收率在90.0%左右,再增加粉煤灰用量时液体产物收率的增量不明显。粉煤灰属于多孔材料,具有很大的比表面,与固体碱添加物相比,催化性能好,热解生成的苯乙烯产量更大,粉煤灰共混废弃聚苯乙烯塑料裂解法利用了资源,减少了污染。     

从废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料中回收苯乙烯

本文采用有机溶剂甲苯作为消泡剂，用热裂解法从废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料中回收苯乙烯，苯乙烯收率可达８０％以上。     

HIPS/LLDPE中DCP与SBS的协同作用及其共混物性能

考察了不同加料方式、过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）和（苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯）嵌段共聚物（SBS）含量、加工温度、螺杆转速对高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）/线性低密度聚乙烯（LLPDE）共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明，利用DCP及SBS的协同作用，可有效地提高HIPS与聚烯烃的相容性，改善HIPS的韧性，当HIPS/LLPDE/SBS=70/30/10、DCP用量为HIPS和LLDPE质量的0.05%，加工温度（后两段）为180℃，螺杆转速为80r/min时，共混物力学性能较高。     

超临界甲苯降解聚苯乙烯反应动力学模型

引言 聚苯乙烯是一种性能优良、应用广泛的通用塑料,且可降解回收苯乙烯单体,因此废聚苯乙烯的回收利用受到广泛关注.但聚苯乙烯热降解高温熔融时黏度很大,造成温度分布不均和局部过热,容易发生二次反应并导致结炭,同时降低了苯乙烯单体收率,因此近年来发展了各种热解技术以抑制结炭、提高苯乙烯收率.超临界降解技术利用超临界流体优异的扩散性能和溶解性能,具有加快聚苯乙烯降解速率,提高反应转化率,抑制结炭等优点[1-4].     

废聚苯乙烯催化热裂解制苯乙烯的研究

研究了碱土金属氧化物和过渡金属氧化物对废聚苯乙烯（PS）热裂解的催化效果;考察了催化剂碱性对裂解结果的影响。开发了一种以CaO为主体、MgO和NaOH为助剂的混合催化剂。结果表明：混合催化剂对废PS裂解具有良好的催化性能。实验同时考察了废PS催化裂解温度对混合催化剂活性以及催化裂解产物组成的影响。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。