The practice of science in the family.

Responds to comments by B. D. Forman (see record 1990-29006-001), S. A. Kirschner (see record 1990-29011-001), and M. Rohrbaugh (see record 1990-29019-001) on the present authors' (see record 1990-29009-001) work on the use of paradoxical interventions with couples. Focus is on (1) the subjectivist and objectivist research approach; (2) language, relationship, and content analysis; and (3) the relevancy of science to practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Freud's stance, and mine.

Responds to M. O. Slavin and D. Kriegman's (see record 1989-00599-001) and D. M. Snyder's (see record 1989-00600-001) comments on the present author's (see record 1987-21061-001) discussion of Freud's work in the context of neurophysiology and sociobiology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"In the beginning was the 'name' ": Reply to Bernstein and Kent.

Replies to the comments by E. Bernstein (see record 1987-21438-001) and T. C. Kent (see record 1987-21468-001) concerning the present author's (see record 1986-11457-001) ideas about the development of naming behavior in children and apes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Response expectancy and phobic anxiety: A reply to Wilkins and Bandura.

Responds to W. Wilkins's (see record 1987-09397-001) and A. Bandura's (see record 1987-09389-001) comments on the present author's (see record 1986-13702-001) study of expectancy modification, suggesting that (1) the procedures used as expectancy controls by Wilkins render implausible his hypothesis that expectancy changes are epiphenomena caused by Ss' observation of their improvement and (2) Bandura has misrepresented the present author's position and then argued against it. (33 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On Zookology, counseling psychology, and clinical psychology.

Responds to the comments of A. Zook (see record 1987-20037-001) on the present author's (see record 1986-12878-001) work on the merging of clinical and counseling psychology, suggesting that a training base in remedial, educational/developmental, and preventive functions is important regardless of whether one is a clinical or counseling psychologist. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Obesity and protection from risk.

Responds to W. B. Webb's (see record 1987-26955-001) and H. E. Yuker's (see record 1987-26956-001) comments on the present authors and J. Plotkin's (see record 1986-12806-001) study of human Ss review board decisions by affirming the need for human Ss review boards and by defending the study's distinction between sensitive and nonsensitive forms of discrimination. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

More on temporality in human action.

Responds to the comments of W. L. Stroud (see record 1987-17464-001) and B. B. Barratt (see record 1987-17458-001) on the present authors' (see record 1986-13304-001) discussion of hermeneutic psychology, addressing Piaget's perspective, the use of abstract concepts, the conception of time, and the issue of ideological critique. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

More reasons to adopt the five-factor model.

The authors (see record 1987-01218-001) respond to comments by M. M. Dachowski (see record 1988-04372-001) and N. G. Waller and Y. S. Ben-Porath (see record 1988-04405-001) on their 5-factor (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) model of personality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A time to speak, or a time to keep silence?

Responds to E. F. Loftus's (see record 1984-06608-001) comments on M. McCloskey and H. E. Egeth's (see record 1984-06612-001) previous article in which the authors argue against psychologists testifying in court as expert witnesses on the validity of eyewitness testimony. Loftus presents documented cases of convictions of innocent people based on faulty eyewitness accounts, and she argues that expert testimony by psychologists could correct misconceptions jurors may hold. The present authors answer Loftus's criticisms and contrast their views with hers in the areas of empirical support for conclusive statements, perspectives on interventions, and focus on innocence. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

About postmodernism: Reply to Gergen and others.

In his reply, M. B. Smith comments on the issues between K. J. Gergen (see record 1994-37275-001) and himself (see record 1994-37277-001) and replies to comments by R. L. Russell and M. D. Gaubatz (see record 1995-36714-001); B. Denner (see record 1995-36711-001); D. Mente (see record 1995-36713-001); and D. White and A. Wang (see record 1995-36716-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Natural science and unnatural technology.

L. D. Smith responds to comments by P. A. Lamal (see record 1993-35767-001) and J. W. Kimball and W. L. Heward (see record 1993-35766-001) on Smith's (see record 1992-21952-001) article on the contemplative and technological orientations to science. Smith emphasizes that the article was not meant to suggest that technology be abandoned in favor of helpless passivity, but to urge that large-scale applications of behavioral technology be grounded in comprehensive models that afford a systematic understanding of the short- and long-term effects of behavioral interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Albee's just society: Radical prevention of childhood psychopathology": Response.

Responds to the comments of S. B. Sigmon (see record 1988-21189-001) on the present author's (see record 1987-02131-001) work on environmental stresses as sources of psychopathology. The present author's views on achieving equity and justice are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interpretation of Heritability: A Rejoinder.

Replies to comments by A. R. Jensen (see record 1990-57013-001) on comments by the original author (see record 1990-56938-001) to a discussion about role of heredity and environment in behavior development by D. O. Hebb (1970; 1971) and A. R. Jensen (1971). The author clarifies 3 specific points. First, that it was not the statistical procedures but the empirical data to which they were applied that led the author to question Jensen's original conclusions. Second, that the probabilistic argument, to which Jensen's present comment addresses itself in large part, is of primary interest when no other information is available regarding the origins of particular differences between individuals or group. Finally, that the sort of environmental interventions generally considered in relation to minority group status do not represent simply a reshuffling of environmental variations already existing within such groups (or within other groups). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Academic value of research participation by undergraduates": Comment on Coulter and on Daniel.

Agrees with comments by X. Coulter (see record 1986-20719-001) and R. S. Daniel (see record 1987-23362-001) that the educational side of psychology experiments needs improvement. It is suggested that movement is needed away from measuring perceived educational benefit and toward measuring the actual learning that occurs from participating in experiments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Temperature, aggression, and the negative affect escape model.

Addresses P. A. Bell's (see record 1992-20144-001) comments on C. A. Anderson's (see record 1989-36724-001) review of the temperature–aggression literature. At a global level, all agree that geographic region studies and most time period studies do not cleanly address the question of the functional shape relating temperature to aggression. In addition, all agree that the negative affect escape model warrants additional empirical investigation. At a more specific level, however, numerous inaccuracies and misinterpretations are noted and corrected. The conclusions of the original review are confirmed. Suggestions for new research are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Revealed, concealed, congealed, curdled: A reply to Pomichalek, Lamb, and Denner.

Replies to M. Pomichalek's (see record 1992-19269-001), S. Lamb's (see record 1992-19263-001), and B. Denner's (see record 1992-19257-001) remarks on P. Cushman's comments (see record 1991-17982-001) on D. Stern's (1985) study. Cushman defends constructionist research by maintaining that it can acknowledge and interpret ideology and thereby the moral framework in which the study is embedded. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some broader issues: Clinical relevance, gender sensitivity, and psychometrics.

Responds to comments by G. B. Spanier (see record 1989-17637-001) and L. Thompson (see record 1989-17646-001) on the present authors' (see record 1989-17603-001) evaluation of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Clemmer.

Responds to comments by E. J. Clemmer (see record 1987-05931-001) concerning the present author's (see record 1986-13291-001) discussion of the occurrence of ESP in dreams, suggesting that Clemmer's interpretation is based largely on analogies from other areas of parapsychological research and an a priori rejection of parapsychological phenomena. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rehabilitation services as ideology: A response to Stubbins, Coudroglou, and Berkowitz.

Responds to the comments of J. Stubbins (see record 1985-31779-001), A. Coudroglou (see record 1985-31754-001), and E. Berkowitz (see record 1985-31749-001) on needed reforms of the rehabilitation service system. With emphasis on Stubbins's comments, it is argued that Stubbins makes sweeping unsupported generalizations and that he overlooks the strengths derived from the legislative process, the disability rights movement, and rehabilitation research. Although reform is needed, it is suggested that it will come through informed inquiry and a changing environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some facets of consistency: Replies to Epstein, Funder, and Bem.

Identifies convergences and substantive differences in the comments made by S. Epstein (see record 1983-23443-001), D. C. Funder (see record 1983-30290-001), and D. J. Bem (see record 1984-04001-001) regarding the present authors' (see record 1983-05642-001) reanalysis of some issues and proposals in the search for cross-situational consistency in social behavior. (32 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)