物质波与相对论效应

一、引言一个运动着的自由粒子有两种物理现象与之相联系,一是量子力学中的物质波,一是相对论力学中的相对论效应。同时与粒子运动相联系的这两种物理效应之间有什么内在联系?是彼此孤立?还是互为依存?本文在提出波函数的时空解释之后,试图对此进行讨论。     

碘—碘化钾浸液中金的测定

本文提出将浸液中的一价碘化金转化为三价金的氯或溴化物,用泡塑动态吸附硫脲解脱后,即可用原子吸收光度法测定.方法简便快速,省时节资,准确度高.实验研究了硝酸驱碘,一价碘化金转化     

带氧化螯合作用的无毒高效提金组合物

一种带氧化螯合作用的无毒高效提金组合物 ,由对金具有络合作用的络合剂L和对金具有氧化作用的氧化剂O↓ [x]组成。络合剂L能与金形成螯合环稳定性水合离子结构的有机小分子化合物 ,氧化剂O↓ [x]能使金变成正一价或正三价的氧化剂。它具有无毒、浸出速度较快、浸出时间短、原料来源充足 ,对设备无腐蚀、工艺参数宽、组合物消耗低。可直接应用于复杂难处理金矿。可用于从各种含金物料中提取金 ,包括各类含金矿、各种尾矿尾渣以及工业含金废弃物等。带氧化螯合作用的无毒高效提金组合物@李德良$湘潭矿院     

URhSn的轨道磁性

在局部密度近似（ＬＤＡ）内，包括自旋轨道效应，用标量相对论计算法，论述了金属间锡化物ＵＲｈＳｎ的磁性。发现铀的轨道磁矩数量级较大，且信号与只有自旋的相反，而铑原子具有较小磁矩。讨论了化学键引起的不同Ｌ－态之间的杂化。     

紫金山低品位金矿CIL系统碳末对金回收率影响的研究

通过浮选试验考察了紫金山金矿一选厂1000t／dc CIL系统中碳末对金回收的影响程度，分析了碳末产生的原因及减少碳末劫金效应的措施。     

紫金山低品位金矿CIL系统碳末对金回收率影响的研究

通过浮选试验考察了紫金山金矿一选厂 10 0 0t dCIL系统中碳末对金回收的影响程度 ,分析了碳末产生的原因及减少碳末劫金效应的措施     

使用转盘研究碘－碘化物溶液中金的溶解

使用转盘研究碘－碘化物溶液中金的溶解据荷兰《湿法冶金》杂志报道，希腊的Ａｒｉｓｔｏｔｅｌｉａｎ大学采用直径６ｍｍ金转盘，研究含碘－碘化物溶液中金的溶解及金的碘化物络合物生成过程的热力学。金溶解时主要生成一价的ＡｕＩ络合物，部分生成络合物。选定浓度为０...     

热力学分析氯化浸金体系规律

在分析现有氯化浸金体系的基础上, 对氯化浸金过程进行热力学分析, 得出了体系的共性规律. 金的氯化浸出是一个氧化络合过程, 其氧化电位取决于生成的金氯络合物的稳定常数和特定的浸出条件. 在标准条件下, 只要氧化剂的标准电极电位高于0.99 V, 金将以三价金氯络合物的形态浸出;当氧化剂的标准电极电位高于1.12 V, 金将以一价金氯络合物的形态浸出. 热力学上更有利于金以三价金氯络合物的形态浸出. 加大络合剂、氧化剂的浓度和/或不断降低浸出液中金氯络合物的浓度, 热力学上有利于金的浸出.     

重熔镍钛合金的形状记忆效应分析

采用不同的工艺及设备对近等原子比的形状记忆合金进行重熔,获得铸态组织形状记忆合金,对采用不同坩埚所制备出的NiTi合金进行对比分析,采用金属坩埚所得到的形状记忆合金的成分满足医疗器械及外科植入物用NiTi形状记忆合金的成分要求,且具有良好的形状记忆效应。     

微波焙烧处理含碳硫化物金精矿的研究

<正>同时含有碳和硫(硫矿物包裹金)的金矿石称为双重难处理矿石。从该类矿石中提取金一般需要采用氧化预处理方法,即使微细粒金从硫化物基质中解离,脱除具有"劫金"效应的碳质物。对采用微波焙烧技术处理双重难处理浮选金精矿,氧化脱除精矿中     

A theory for solute impurity diffusion, which considers engel-brewer valences, balancing the fermi energy levels of solvent and solute, and differences in zero point energy

A theory that assumes the Engel-Brewer valence of elements (one for bcc structures, two for cph structures, and three for fcc structures) and considers the effects of balancing the solute and solvent Fermi energy levels and differences in zero point energy between solvent and solute atoms to calculate an “effective” relative valence for solute impurities is presented. The calculated values of relative valence and the experimental values of the differences in diffusional activation energy between solute and solvent atoms, ΔQ, are compared to the values of ΔH ₂ + ΔE calculated from the Lazarus-LeClaire theory for several solute impurities in ten solvent metals. The calculated results agree very well with the experimental values for the large majority of solutes. The theory presented adequately describes solute impurity diffusion in both α-Fe and γ-Fe, Al, Ni, and the noble metals. In particular, the low activation energies for impurity diffusion of the alkali metals (ground state valence of one) in Al (ground state valence of three) are accounted for by the theory. It is shown that the diffusion of the electronegative solute impurities (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) in Al is not anomalous when the relative valence is calculated by the proposed theory. The diffusion of electronegative solute impurities in the noble metals, which has been problematic in the past, is also well described by the proposed theory. The proposed theory introduces a simple method of estimating the effective electron densities of solute impurities and illustrates that the Lazarus-LeClaire theory adequately describes solute impurity diffusion in the ten solvent metals studied. It is expected that more accurate calculations of effective electron density for solute impurities would result in even better agreement between experimental and calculated results.     

重金属强化氰化浸金的动力学研究

本文以难浸硫化物金精矿、氧化物金矿和易浸硫化物金精矿为对象,进行了重金属强化浸金的技术及动力学研究。单独添加重金属时,对于氧化物金矿和易浸硫化物金精矿具有一定的强化效果,但对难浸硫化物金精矿强化作用并不明显。重金属和过氧化氢协同强化时,三种金矿的浸出速率都显著提高。动力学研究结果表明,采用重金属和过氧化氢协同强化时,降低了表观活化能,提高了氰化钠的表观反应级数。     

孔雀绿光度法测定矿石中金的综述

从20世纪50年代末到90年代,不断报道研究孔雀绿光度法测定金的论文,包括一价和三阶金的显色条件,并有许多新的应用。文中综合比较了金的不同分析方法,探讨了孔雀绿法较稳定的显色条件,以及干扰元素的影响,认为采用孔雀绿法测定金的分析精密度和实用性均比较好,在测定中,可选用磷酸处理过的稳定孔雀绿试剂,但仍要消除铊和汞的干扰。同时,还提出了适用的分离富集方法。     

氰化金泥控电氯化精炼工艺的研究

控电氯化金冶炼新工艺是在有色金属湿法冶金的基础上，通过控制电位，实现贵贱金属的分离。该工艺不仅能生产出高纯度的金、银，而且金、银回收率高，金的冶炼直接回收率大于99．5％，金、银的综合回收率在99％以上，同时该工艺缩短了冶炼周期，降低了生产成本。     

A modified “Hole” theory for solute impurity diffusion in liquid metals

A modified “hole” theory for solute impurity diffusion in liquid metals is presented. The theory calculates an “effective” valence for the solute impurities by assuming that the bulk valences of the solvent and solute metals are those given by the Engel-Brewer theory (one for bcc structures, two for cph structures, and three for fcc structures). The effects of balancing the Fermi energy level of the solute with that of the solvent and differences in zero point energy are then considered in calculating the effective valence. The effective valence is then used to calculate a value of diffusional activation energy from a modified Lazarus-LeClaire approach. It is shown that the proposed theory works very well for solute impurity diffusion of a number of solutes in Al, Cu, Ga, Ag, Pb, and Sn, but the paucity of diffusion data is a hindrance to development of theoretical models.     

Relationship between some properties of the transition metals,characterizing their interatomic bond strength,and their electronic structure

Summary The change of some physical and thermodynamic properties of the transition metals is analyzed in relationship to their position in the periodic system of elements. On this basis it is shown that the increase of interatomic bond strength in each subgroup of the transition metals with increasing atomic number is largely due to the overlapping of the electron clouds of ions.It is necessary to distinguish two groups of physical properties of the transition metals, which characterize interatomic bond strength in the latter. The first group of properties characterizes the energy required for the full rupture of bonds in the crystal lattice and the second — bond deformability. The first group of properties includes the energy of sublimation and the melting point, and the second — the modulus of elasticity, the coefficient of compressibility, atomic diameters, and mean square displacements.The fact that bond deformability decreases in the crystal lattices of the first metals of group VIII compared with the metals of group VI and in the lattices of the copper-group metals compared with the titanium-group metals, although the energy required for bond rupture decreases, is attributed to increased overlapping of the electron clouds of ions.In metals, it is necessary to differentiate between the valence which characterizes the overlapping of the electron shells of ions (Pauling valence) and the valence due to collectivized electrons (Hume-Rothery valence).     

商业银行黄金积存业务探析

在目前全球经济形势背景下,黄金因其税收优惠、交易方便、价格公平等优势而起到抵御通胀的重要作用。对于个人投资者来说,黄金积存业务相比其他投资工具,具有不可替代的优势,因此商业银行应借机大力发展黄金或者贵金属积存业务,既为客户提供便捷的投资工具,又可增加中间业务收入,实现双赢局面。文中对黄金积存业务进行了应用性研讨,并针对商业银行开展该业务提出了几点建议。     

沉金后液中金、铂、钯、碲的组态特征及其碲捕集稀贵金属机制

铜阳极泥沉金后液是回收铂族金属铂、钯的重要原料来源.根据铜阳极泥氯化浸出过程稀贵金属可能发生的电极反应,分析了沉金后液中金、铂、钯、碲的存在价态,通过热力学计算绘制了金、铂、钯、碲的多形态组分图,并研究了单一金、铂、钯体系碲捕贵金属机制.沉金后液中稀贵金属金、铂、钯和碲的价态分别为Au3+,Pt2+,Pt4+,Pd2+...     

植物对金的萃取机理研究进展

特定的植物群落可以从含金属的土壤中萃取金属。植物萃取能开采无法用传统采矿方法开采的低品位矿石、矿化土壤和尾矿,还可以指示土壤基质中的金属含量,开拓新的采矿区域。植物萃取金属达到一定含量能产生“生物矿石”,生物矿石几乎不含硫且金属含量高于传统矿石,因此利用植物萃取积累金属是一种经济环保的采矿方式。国外对金的植物采矿技术研究已趋于成熟,国内相关的研究较少。本文综述了植物对金的萃取、积累机理研究进展,讨论了植物萃取金的应用和经济前景。     

加压氰化法提取贵金属的研究进展

氰化法是处理金矿较为成熟的工艺。加压氰化过程通过强化反应动力学,可实现难浸金属的高效浸出,在贵金属湿法提取冶金领域是一新兴技术。分别介绍了加压氰化法处理难浸金矿、失效汽车催化剂、含铂族金属矿物等方面的研究工作及其最新进展。对我国云南大理地区低品位铂钯硫化矿的浮选精矿,采用传统火法造锍熔炼技术工序繁冗、能耗高、污染严重、贵金属易分散损失,经济上难以创效。而采用加压氰化全湿法新工艺,不但贵金属及铜镍等有价金属回收指标高,而且该工艺工序少、周期短、能源低、污染小,为开发利用我国低品位原生铂矿资源提供了一条新技术思路。