基于Monte-Carlo模拟和峰形拟合的CdZnTe探测器G(E)函数简便计算方法研究

提出了一种简便的CdZnTe探测器能谱-剂量转换函数(G(E)函数)的计算方法。峰形拟合函数被用于表征CdZnTe探测器对γ射线的低能拖尾,峰形拟合函数的参数通过实验测量获取,并通过拟合得到其随能量变化的关系。Monte-Carlo模拟计算得到的探测器理想沉积谱,经峰形拟合函数卷积得到了修正的模拟能谱,修正的模拟能谱与实际测量能谱吻合较好。基于修正的模拟能谱计算得到了CdZnTe探测器的G(E)函数。标准辐射场中的实验结果表明,用G(E)函数加权积分计算的周围剂量当量率与约定真值基本一致。     

G(E)函数法能谱-剂量转换计算

采用Nal(Tl)闪烁体探测器在已知剂量率的辐射场内测定探测器的吸收剂量率,利用获得的实验数据建立NaI(Tl)闪烁体探测器的能谱—剂量转换G(E)函数.在已知剂量率的X光机和137Cs、60Co放射源辐射场中获取建立转换函数的标准能谱,并采用最小二乘法拟合得到不同阶数情况下的G(E)函数.通过G(E)函数计算得到的剂...     

G(E)函数在高能γ射线剂量测量中的应用

利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了一个Φ7.62 cm×7.62 cm的Na I(Tl)探测器的响应特性,计算了测量系统的脉冲幅度加权函数G(E),由此改善了探测器的能量响应;利用238Pu+13C源的验证实验表明,探测器对高能γ射线探测效率的实测值和计算值的相对偏差在±10%以内。在核电厂功率运行期间,测量了反应堆厂房内的γ能谱,并基于G(E)函数计算了高能γ射线的剂量。G(E)函数法与解谱方法的计算结果对比说明,将G(E)函数法应用于高能γ剂量测量是可行的。     

蒙特卡罗方法研究塑料闪烁探测器加权积分法测量H′(0.07)

对弱贯穿辐射场定向剂量当量H′(0．07)的现有测量方法进行了讨论,提出塑料闪烁探测器加权积分法测量H′(0．07)。采用蒙特卡罗方法对脉冲计数法和加权积分法塑料闪烁探测器的能量响应进行了对比计算;在此基础上引入了作用于沉积能谱的加权函数G(E)以进一步改善探测器的能量响应。利用^90Sr-^90Y、^147Pm、^204Tl放射源的初步实验结果证实,采用加权积分法后塑料闪烁探测器对上述放射源的能量响应在6％范围内。对塑料闪烁体发光非线性、切伦可夫辐射等实验影响因素作了初步讨论。     

G(E)法与Gravel法处理能谱-剂量转换效果研究

为准确地得到γ射线的辐射剂量,对G(E)函数法和Gravel算法处理能谱-剂量的转换效果进行了研究。根据实际应用需求,采取蒙特卡罗方法模拟获取了?50 mm×50 mm NaI(Tl)探测器的Gravel法响应矩阵,并使用Matlab得到探测器的G(E)函数。使用NaI(Tl)探测器和多道谱仪系统测量标准源的能谱,分别使用G(E)法和Gravel法计算剂量值并与理论值进行比较,同时在计算过程中总结对比了两种方法的特点。     

用G(E)函数法计算γ射线空气吸收剂量率

基于φ75 mmx75 mm NaI(T1)多道能谱仪实验测量结果,采用全谱法测定空气吸收剂量率,从理论和实验入手建立能谱剂量转换函数G(E).选取铀、钍、钾模型和铀、钍、钾混合模型,以及人工放射性核素60Co、137Cs获取标准能谱N(E),用最小二乘法拟合得到G(E)函数的系数,并用G(E)函数法和贝克公式法估算剂...     

基于G(E)函数法的NaIγ谱仪能谱-剂量转换研究

利用Geant4求解国控大气辐射环境自动监测站NaI γ谱仪G(E)函数,对NaI γ谱仪进行能量响应修正,实现NaI γ谱仪能谱-剂量直接转换。通过点源刻度实验,获取NaI γ谱仪Geant4物理模型。然后利用Geant4和高斯展宽获取NaI γ谱仪对不同能量γ射线的响应能谱。最后采用最小二乘法求解得到NaI γ谱仪G(E)函数。并通过标准源¹³⁷Cs、⁶⁰Co、²⁴¹Am的实验能谱进行验证,表明利用G(E)函数和谱仪实际能量谱求空气吸收剂量率的方法是可行的。     

6 MV医用电子直线加速器轫致辐射谱研究

用衰减法对6MV医用电子直线加速器的轫致辐射X射线能谱进行测量，并利用模拟电子—光子耦合输运的Monte-Carlo程序EGS4对已知的治疗头几何结构、靶材料和电子源等特征的医用电子直线加速器轫致辐射谱进行研究。实验测量结果和EGS4模拟计算结果符合较好。     

用Monte Carlo方法模拟设计工业CT探测器

为了用Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ方法设计工业ＣＴ探测器，我们开发了通用程序ＧＥＰＭＣ。该程序模拟了γ光子，次级电子和荧光光子的输运过程，主要的计算结果有ＣＴ阵列探测器的γ输出谱，积分荧光输出，探测效率和探测器之间的串扰（ｃｒｏｓｓｔａｌｋ）在实验方面，我们测量了不同尺寸单块晶体的γ能谱，其谱形与模拟计算的相符合。     

基于缓发γ能谱测量的铀丰度分析

本文以加速器驱动的脉冲中子源为照射源、铀材料为照射对象、HPGe探测器为主要探测器,测量得到了铀材料的缓发γ实验谱,再根据理论计算程序和蒙特卡罗方法得到了缓发γ计算谱。结果显示,实验谱和计算谱吻合较好,表明缓发γ能谱测量可作为铀丰度分析的一种技术手段。     

利用EGS4计算固体电离室的吸收剂量与光子注量的转换因子

利用蒙特卡罗程序EGS4,针对几种特定的γ光子谱,计算了特定形状的LiF固体电离室中空腔辐射敏感元件LiFTLD的吸收剂量-光子注量转换因子;计算结果表明,该转换因子的不确定度主要取决于谱的不确定度;通过对单能光子源的蒙特卡罗计算结果与解析公式计算结果的比较,证明该方法是可靠的,是目前解决此类问题的有效而可行的途径。     

Comparison of Gamma-Ray Point Isotropic Buildup Factors Including Fluorescence and Bremsstrahlung in Lead Using Discrete Ordinates and Point Monte Carlo Methods

Exposure buildup factors and energy spectra of γ-rays, including fluorescence or bremsstrahlung radiations, in Pb for a point isotropic source have been calculated in the vicinity of the K edge and at 10 MeV using a discrete ordinate code, PALLAS. Comparisons of PALLAS results with those by the point Monte Carlo code, EGS4 showed good agreement for exposure buildup factors and energy spectra in two energy regions. Exposure buildup factors calculated with another discrete ordinate code, ASFIT, are also compared with those calculated by the PALLAS and EGS4 codes. The values obtained by all three codes showed good agreement. The effects of the cross section data on the buildup factors were investigated by using the PALLAS code.     

能谱-剂量转换法用于环境辐射剂量测量

为准确测量环境水平剂量率,基于无卷积全谱转换法,通过测量X/γ能谱和剂量率,开展能谱-剂量转换系数求解并实现能谱-剂量的转换。结果表明,能谱-剂量法计算剂量率与实测剂量率的残差近似为0,证明该方法在能谱-剂量求解过程自洽;在¹³⁷Cs、⁶⁰Co标准参考辐射场下的剂量率线性测试结果与标准值的最大相对误差为±10%,表明无卷积全谱转换法用于能谱-剂量转换系数的求解可行。     

NSRL电子储存环束流损失过程的Monte—Carlo计算

高能电子和物质相互作用是一个级联簇射（shower)物理过程,NSRL电子储存环（HLS）束流损失监测系统利用这一原理,通过探测束流损失电子在储存环真空室外表面产生的shower电子,给出束流损失的有关信息,本文利用Monte-Carlo方法,采用EGS4软件包,对束流损失电子与真空室壁相互作用的过程进行模拟,给出了真空室外表面shower电子的分布特点：（1）shower电子在真空室外表面是前冲性很强的粒子;（2）在垂直方向的分布是比较窄的对称分布,对束流损失探测器的安装有一定的要求;（3）打在真空室内侧壁上的电子及其产生的shower电子有机会反射到外侧壁,并进一步发生shower过程,但其影响会低两个量级以上;（4）shower电子在真空室外表面上的分布,外侧峰位要比内侧峰位位置在束流方向上后移。     

Evaluation of CdZnTe spectrometer performance in measuring energy spectra during interventional radiology procedure

Interventional radiology has been beneficial for patients for over 30 years of age with the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The radiation affecting occupationally exposed workers should be evaluated by means of the energy spectra and flux of X-rays in the treatment room. The present study aims to obtain the energy spectra of interventional procedures and study the capability of some detectors to evaluate the dose in interventional procedures. These measurements were taken by silicon-drift, Cd Te, and Cd Zn Te detectors. The energy spectra were corrected by the energy-response curve of each detector. The energy-response curves of silicon-drift and Cd Te detectors provided by the manufacturers specification were used. The energy response of the Cd Zn Te detector was measured by ~(133)Ba and ~(152)Eu c sources. The experimental data were compared with the simulation results, and their perfect agreement provides a way to correct the energy or dose response, which can be used for the personal dosimeter developed by our group.Moreover, the measured energy spectra can be used in individual radiation protection. The present study shows that the Cd Zn Te detector is a good candidate detector in interventional procedures.     

基于G(E)函数法的就地NaI谱仪剂量率测量

在核应急监测中常用NaI谱仪实现剂量率的监测和γ放射性核素识别。本研究利用G(E)函数法对一款3″×3″的NaI谱仪进行能谱-剂量直接转换的刻度。利用¹⁵²Eu、¹³³Ba、²⁴¹Am、¹³⁷Cs、⁶⁰Co标准点源获得不同能量下的标准能谱数据,并采用Geant4程序计算其他能量下的能谱数据,实现能谱信息与空气吸收剂量率的转换。结果表明,在一定的剂量率范围内,采用G(E)函数法实现能谱信息与剂量率的转换结果可以接受,满足应急监测要求。     

Absorption of electrons in xenon for energies up to 200 keV: aMonte Carlo simulation study

Gas proportional scintillation counters are room-temperature, general-purpose X-ray detectors, which are used in many applications due to their good energy resolution, which can be better than standard proportional counters by a factor of ~2. However, for energies higher than ~20 keV, the experimentally measured energy resolution is found to deviate from the usual 1/√E law. Under these circumstances, it is of great interest to understand the mechanisms involved in the detection of higher energy X-rays. Since the photoelectrons will then carry most of the absorbed energy, we study in this work the response of xenon detectors to electrons with energies up to ~200 keV, using a Monte Carlo simulation technique. Distributions of the number of primary (subionization) electrons produced per parent electrons with energy E _e are calculated, and results are presented for the Fano factor, the w-value and the intrinsic energy resolution as a function of E_e in the range 20-200 keV. The influence of an applied reduced electric field on the results is assessed, showing that for 200 keV electrons an increase in the field from 0.1 to 0.8 Td causes an increase as high as 35% in the intrinsic energy resolution     

The DGF Pixie-4 spectrometer - compact digital readout electronics for HPGe clover detectors

Large volume HPGe detectors are commonly used in applications that require good energy resolution and high detection efficiency, but are expensive and difficult to grow. Clover detectors consisting of four smaller crystals in a common cryostat are a possible alternative, but traditionally require complex readout electronics. In contrast, the DGF Pixie-4 is a compact, digital spectrometer providing on a single 3U CompactPCI/PXI card all the electronics required for clover detectors, including computation of addback spectra. This paper describes the DGF Pixie-4 system architecture, characterizes its energy resolution and throughput, and presents results of test measurements with a clover detector.     

A new consecutive energy calibration method for X/γ detectors based on energy continuously tunable laser Compton scattering light source

In this paper, we present an energy calibration method based on steep Compton edges of the laser Compton scattered(LCS) photon energy spectra. It performs consecutive energy calibration in the neighborhood of certain energy, hence improves calibration precision in the energy region. It can also achieve direct calibration at high energy region(several MeV) where detectors can only be calibrated by extrapolation in conventional methods.These make it suitable for detectors that need wide-range energy calibration with high precision. The effects of systematic uncertainties on accuracy of this calibration method are studied by simulation, using the design parameters of a LCS device—SINAP Ⅲ. The results show that the SINAP Ⅲ device is able to perform energy calibration work over the energy region of 25–740 keV. The precision of calibration is better than 1.6% from 25 to 300 keV and is better than 0.5% from 300 to 740 keV.