共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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重金属离子污染具有非降解性、持续存在和累积的性质,影响着人类的生命安全。如何从水中去除重金属离子已经成为治理水污染的核心问题之一,其方法之一就是采用改性蒙脱土进行吸附处理。本文介绍了近年来重金属离子吸附用改性蒙脱土的研究新进展,重点回顾了无机改性蒙脱土、有机改性蒙脱土和无机有机复合改性蒙脱土的改性方法及其对重金属离子的去除能力及机理。提出今后改性蒙脱土研究的主要方向是合成多功能高吸附性的蒙脱土高分子复合微球、蒙脱土高分子凝胶和滤膜材料等,为今后改性蒙脱土作为重金属离子优良吸附剂的研究有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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介绍了含吡啶基吸附材料对金属离子、无机阴离子及有机污染物的吸附分离研究进展。吡啶环的氮原子具有较强的配位功能,能与多种金属离子形成络合物。这类吸附材料对金属离子显示出高的吸附容量和吸附选择性,其吸附金属离子后形成金属主体高分子,然后再利用金属离子与具有配位性能的无机阴离子、有机污染物通过路易斯酸-碱在水溶液中进行配体交换,从而达到吸附分离的目的。作为高分子交换配体(PLE),这类新型吸附材料将是今后发展的重点。 相似文献
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微凝胶聚合物网络中易于引入能够与重金属离子螯合或络合的功能基团,且比表面积大,对重金属离子具有较快的吸附速率,因此,微凝胶在重金属离子的去除方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了重金属离子吸附用微凝胶研究新进展,重点回顾了基于羧基、氨基、磺酸基、羟基及巯基等多官能团化合物与重金属离子通过静电相互作用形成稳定络合物的微凝胶用于重金属离子的吸附,离子印迹型微凝胶用于重金属离子的吸附,以及基于冠醚环(苯并-18-冠-6醚)与Pb2+离子通过超分子主-客体识别作用形成稳定络合物的微凝胶用于重金属离子的吸附;描述了这三类微凝胶对重金属离子的吸附性能、优点、用途等;指出了这三类微凝胶适用于不同场合下重金属离子的吸附。 相似文献
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由重金属离子引起的水污染是一个全球性的问题,在各种现有去除水中重金属离子的方法中,吸附法由于其工艺简单、效率高等特点,在废水处理领域得到广泛的应用。共价有机框架(COF)是一种新型的结晶多孔聚合物,良好的结构和物理化学性能使其成为水处理领域较为前沿的吸附材料之一,在去除重金属离子领域展现出巨大的潜力。本综述全面介绍了COF材料去除水中重金属离子的研究进展及吸附机理,总结和展望了COF材料面临的机遇和挑战,为设计和制造用于重金属离子去除的COF材料提供一些启发性的信息。 相似文献
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金属有机骨架材料吸附去除环境污染物的进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)具有超高的比表面积、较高且可调的孔隙率、结构组成多样性、开放的金属位点和化学可修饰等优点,近年来在选择性吸附领域中的应用受到人们的广泛关注。本文综述了MOFs在液相吸附去除各种环境污染物方面的应用进展,包括吸附去除水中的有机污染物、重金属离子以及吸附去除燃油中的有机含硫化合物和有机含氮化合物;讨论了不同MOFs及改性MOFs对环境污染物的吸附性能及吸附机理,指出MOFs的孔结构、开放的金属位点、静电吸附作用、π-π键合作用、氢键作用、酸碱吸附作用等是影响MOFs吸附过程的重要参数或机理,而通过对MOFs进行有目的的功能化改性可以提升MOFs对目标污染物的吸附性能;最后展望了MOFs吸附去除环境污染物今后的研究热点。 相似文献
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Jyotsna Goel K Kadirvelu Chitra Rajagopal Vinod Kumar Garg 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(4):469-476
Recently a new form of activated carbon has appeared: carbon aerogel (CA). Its use for the removal of inorganic (and especially metal ions) has not been studied. In the present study, the adsorption of three metal ions, Hg(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II), onto carbon aerogel has been investigated. Batch experiments were carried out to assess adsorption equilibria and kinetic behaviour of heavy metal ions by varying parameters such as agitation time, metal ions' concentration, adsorbent dose and pH. They facilitated the computation of kinetic parameters and maximum metal ion adsorption capacities. Increasing the initial solution pH (2–10) and carbon concentration (50–500 mg per 50 cm3) increases the removal of all three metal ions. A decrease of equilibrium pH with an increase of metal ion concentration led us to propose an adsorption mechanism by ion exchange between metal cations and H+ at the carbon aerogel surface. Carboxylic groups are especially involved in this adsorption mechanism. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to analyse the experimental data of carbon aerogel. The thermodynamics of the metal adsorption was also investigated for the practical implementation of the adsorbent. The sorption showed significant increase with increase of temperature. Kinetics models describing the adsorption of Hg(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) ions onto carbon aerogel have been compared. Kinetics models evaluated include the pseudo‐first order and second order model. The parameters of the adsorption rate constants have been determined and the effectiveness of each model assessed. The result obtained showed that the pseudo‐second order kinetic model correlated well with the experimental data and better than the pseudo‐first order model examined in the study. Mass transfer coefficients obtained can be useful in designing wastewater treatment systems or in the development of environmental technologies. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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石墨烯材料的吸附性能引起了国内外科学工作者的极大关注,主要介绍了近些年石墨烯和氧化石墨烯对水中金属离子、有机染料、无机非金属离子的吸附性能及研究进展。 相似文献
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以NaBH4还原水杨醛席夫碱修饰坡缕石为核,采用发散法通过与三聚氯氰、4-氨甲基哌啶、水杨醛、NaBH4还原的重复反应制备了1.0~2.0 G多羟基树状高分子/坡缕石复合材料,利用红外光谱、元素分析、热重对复合材料结构进行了表征,扫描电子显微镜测定了复合材料的外部形貌。吸附实验表明:该复合材料对废水中有机酚、重金属离子的吸附能力优于坡缕石原土,10 mg第二代树状高分子/坡缕石在293K,对初始质量浓度是50 mg/L的对硝基苯酚、对苯二酚、Pb(II)的吸附量分别是35.3 mg/g、34.02 mg/g、44.8 mg/g,吸附动力学拟合结果符合拟二级动力学方程。 相似文献
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Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to remove heavy metal ions such as Cu (II), Ni (II), Cd (II), and Cr (VI) from single‐metal solutions using a polyaniline/palygorskite (PP) composite. Different parameters affecting the adsorption capacity such as contact time and pH of the solution have been investigated. The structural characteristics of the PP composite were studied in this work. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used for the measurement of heavy metal contents, and the adsorption capacity (qe) calculated were 114 mg Cu (II) g?1, 84 mg Ni (II) g?1, 56 mg Cd (II) g?1, and 198 mg Cr (VI) g?1 under optimal conditions. The removal of the metal ions from solutions was assigned to chelation, ionic exchange, and electrostatic attraction. Data from this study proved that the novel organic/inorganic composite presents great potential in the recovery and elimination of noble or heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011. 相似文献
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离子印迹聚合物吸附材料对模板离子具有强识别能力,对其可实现高选择吸附,因而离子印迹技术常用于制备高选择性吸附材料。但传统方法制备的离子印迹吸附材料,因识别位点容易被包埋导致其吸附容量小、吸附-脱附速率低,而表面离子印迹技术则是采用模板离子和聚合单体直接在载体表面或附近区域构筑选择性识别位点,所有活性位点均暴露,从而有效地解决了上述问题。本文从技术原理与合成原料、制备工艺方法以及载体材料类型等方面对表面印迹聚合物吸附材料近期研究进展情况进行了概述。针对相关研究现状,从载体材料、功能单体、目标离子等角度分析和讨论了表面离子印迹聚合物吸附材料当前发展中的不足及其所面临的挑战,并对表面离子印迹技术发展趋势和前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(16):2563-2572
ABSTRACTHybrid materials with organic–inorganic character have been receiving attention especially due to their unique properties and offer probability for many new applications in variable fields and industrial applications. One of these applications is heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions because the metal pollution is a matter of concern about environment. In this study, organic–inorganic hybrid materials on the basis of metal alkoxides and their calcined forms were synthesized, characterized, and applied firstly to remove Cu(II), Fe(III), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption process. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize metal ions removal. 相似文献