导电聚合物有序超薄膜合成工艺的优化

采用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)诱导沉积方法制备了不同层数的聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)/聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT-PSS)导电复合膜。首次研究了十八胺(ODA)和十八胺/硬脂酸(SA)离子化单分子膜在PEDOT-PSS纳米粒子亚相及ODA/PEDOT-PSS组装体在纯水亚相上的成膜行为。实验表明:PEDOT-PSS纳米粒子对单分子层具有包裹作用,形成了稳定的复合单分子膜;不同膜压下制备的膜表面形貌不同,较高膜压下得到颗粒紧密排列的薄膜,亚相温度23℃,PEDOT-PSS浓度1×10-4mol/L,压缩速率5 mm/min,拉膜速率为1 mm/min的条件下薄膜具有较好的成膜性能。     

溶胶-凝胶镀膜技术综述

绪言 早在上个世纪，人们就已经知道将金、银、铜这些贵金属从溶液中沉积到固体基板的表面上，能够形成高反射膜。然而将绝缘材料以液态膜的形式沉积到非金属物质的基板上的实验才始于几十年前，这是由于受到Langmuir观察现象的启发。即某些具有极性基团的高分子非水溶性物质，以单分子膜的形式分散在水的表面。通过将水慢慢放掉或缓缓提升浸泡在水中的平板材料，这层单分子膜可以沉积在该平板材料的表面上。1935年，Blodgett用这种方法制出抗反射涂层。不久，德国人发现将硅酸的胶体溶液喷到玻璃的表面上，可以得到透明而牢固的SiO2膜。这种方法在二次世界大战期间的德国投入了工业性生产，但由于真空镀膜技术的发展，很快便下马了。最近，这种由溶液制备薄膜镀层的方法又得到了复苏。……     

水溶性菁染料与类脂物混合单分子膜中J-聚集体形成的研究

报道了具有相同发色团,并有不同电荷的二种菁染料单分子膜中J-聚集体的形成。测定了单分子膜的π/A,△V/A曲线,反射光谱及吸收光谱。从实验结果得出:带正电荷的染料与花生酸混合形成单分子膜后,膜中染料的二聚体与J-聚集体随着表面压力改变存在着一个平衡。而带负电荷的染料与二十烷基胺成膜后,即使在很低的表面压下也有J-聚集体形成。同时染料分子在水面上的取向是各向异性。     

本刊主办院校研究生学位论文题录

论文题目(带*者为博士论文) Topics of Thesis(*Ph. D. Dissertation) 日期 Date 学生姓名 Name of Student 导师姓名 Advisor 天津大学 Tianjin University 单分子膜上诱导沉积纳米金属银膜的研究 Study on Silver Films by Deposition Method through the Induction of Monolayer 2002.2 余碧涛 YU Bi-tao 姚素薇 YAO Su-wei 亲水性接枝炭黑的制备及其分散液稳定性的研究 Study on Preparation of Hydrophilic Grafted Carbon Black and Dispersion Stability 2002.2 白世河 BAI Shi-he 姚素薇 YAO Su-wei 水针剂车间GM…     

磷脂单分子膜表面特性的研究

在前期工作的基础上,考虑到不同磷脂的临界相变面积Ac的影响,导出了单分子膜的普遍化状态方程,并通过测定DPPC、DMPC单分子膜的π-A等温线,对该方程的适用性进行了验证。结果表明,该模型能较好地描述磷脂单分子膜在整个呼吸压缩舒张过程中的表面特性,特别是在相变区域,模型值与实验值也能吻合良好。     

二异丙胺类分子沉积膜与烷基糖苷复配体系的驱油性能研究

对驱油体系的确定及其驱油性能进行了研究,具体做了分子沉积膜的合成以及阳离子度的测定,静态驱油试验,乳化力的测定,润湿性的测定,及分子沉积膜和表面活性剂的复配,油水界面张力的测定这些试验.结果发现:二异丙胺与环氧氯丙烷的物质的量比为1∶1时制取的分子沉积膜并且质量分数为0.15％时驱油效果最好,其与不同质量分数的烷基糖苷进行复配,结果表明0.15％的二异丙胺类分子沉积膜与0.15％的烷基糖苷并且在体积比为1∶1时进行复配,复配体系的驱油性能最好.     

助溶剂对铝合金表面硅烷化预处理的影响

为了了解3-缩水甘油醚丙基三甲氧基硅烷(γ-GPTMS)溶液中助溶剂对水解的γ-GPTMS在铝合金表面的沉积特性的影响,用X射线光电子衍射(XPS)测定了不同助溶剂含量,不同γ-GPTMS浓度的溶液沉积在铝合金表面的硅含量,同时用反射吸收红外光谱(RAIRS)对铝合金表面膜层进行了表征,结果表明,助溶剂对γ-GPTMS在铝合金表面沉积有显著影晌,γ-GPTMS的纯水溶液在铝合金表面所形成硅烷化膜层的硅元素量最高,沉积量随溶液中γ-GPTMS浓度的增加而增加。另外,膜层与氧化的铝合金表面之间形成铝硅氧烷(Al-O-Si)共价键,而且γ-GPTMS分子中的烷氧乙基分布在膜层的外表面,具有较大的反应活性。     

对羟基苯甲酸自组装膜对铜的缓蚀作用

利用自组装技术将对羟基苯甲酸在铜表面形成自组装单分子膜,利用电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线研究了自组装膜对铜的缓蚀作用及其吸附行为。结果表明,对羟基苯甲酸分子易在铜表面形成稳定的自组装单分子膜,该膜抑制了铜的阳极氧化过程,改变了电极表面的双电层结构,固/液界面双电层电容明显降低,有良好的缓蚀效果。研究结果还表明,对羟基苯甲酸在铜表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附机理是典型的物理吸附。     

环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚物和聚丙二醇与硬脂酸的混合单分子膜

研究了两种环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚物和两种聚丙二醇的单分子膜以及它们分别与硬脂酸所成混合单分子膜的π-a关系,基底是40％的硝酸钠水溶液。文中根据分子面积的加和律分析了实验结果。实验表明,压缩混合膜时,环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚物或聚丙二醇都会被挤出混合膜。高表面压时,改正之后的面积相当于膜中只有硬脂酸时的结果;膜的低压缩系数也指示此时高分子已被挤出单分子膜。     

两亲胆固醇壳聚糖碳酸酯的合成及其单分子膜的形成与性能研究

本文从壳聚糖结构特点出发,利用甲磺酸保护壳聚糖氨基,在羟基上引入胆固醇合成两亲性胆固醇壳聚糖碳酸酯(ACCC),利用FT-IR和~(13)C-NMR方法证明碳酸酯基的生成。采用Langmuir膜技术跟踪探究不同取代度ACCC的单分子膜在空气/水界面上的形成过程及膜性能,由表面压-单分子层表观面积(π-A)等温曲线得知,从气相到固相变化过程中两亲壳聚糖衍生物单分子经历从分散到集中,在空气/水界面上逐渐形成单分子膜,单分子膜稳定性和强度取决于胆固醇取代度的变化。取代度分别是2.6和3.9的ACCC的膜平均极限面积(A*)达到346.76和652.65cm~2,相应塌陷压值分别等于46.13和47.48mN/m,表明这两种胆固醇壳聚糖碳酸酯Langmuir膜具有良好的性能和稳定性。通过Langmuir-Blogett技术将单分子膜转移制备多层膜修饰的ITO电极。     

The potentiodyanmic formation and reduction of a silver sulfide monolayer on a silver electrode in aqueous sulfide solutions

A potentiodynamic study of silver electrodes in aqueous sulfide solutions, carried out to form phase silver sulfide films, revealed that a monolayer of silver sulfice forms as a distinct and separate stage of film growth at an underpotential of about 0.12 V. The monolayer peak (and its cathodic counterpart) was also characterized by a linear relationship between peak current density and potential sweep rate and a constant charge density of about 0.2 mC/cm². The potentiodynamic E/i curves for the silver sulfide monolayer were simulated by computer on the basis of a mechanism of the initial adsorption of HS^? on the silver surface in a fast equilibrium step followed by a rate determining electron transfer step to form AgHS as a surface intermediate. The AgHS species then rapidly diffuses on the surface and joins a growing two-dimensional silver sulfide monolayer nucleus. Under the experimental conditons studied here, the formation and reduction of the silver sulfide monolayer was found to be of intermediate kinetic reversibility.     

The anodic behavior of silver in chloride solutions—I. The formation and reduction of thin silver chloride films

The initial stages of growth and the subsequent reduction of AgCl films at a silver electrode in aqueous chloride solutions has been investigated using potentiodynamic and potentiostatic methods. The first step in the growth process involves the two-dimentional deposition of either a partial monolayer (50–75 μC cm⁻²) of AgCl film or the adsorption of chloride ions involving a partial charge transfer. Following this, at an overpotential of typically 20–40 mV, the nucleation and growth of three-dimensional AgCl films commences. Reduction of this type of AgCl film is characterized by two cathodic peaks, possibly depicting the reduction of AgCl nuclei formed by two nucleation mechanisms. Continuous potential cycling results in significant increases in the nucleation currents and charges (not due to conventional electrode roughening), indicating that active silver nuclei are being left on the electrode surface upon AgCl film reduction. However, by maintaining the potential at a value significantly negative of AgCl film growth for a period of time, the currents due to the three-dimensional nucleation and growth process diminish in magnitude. This is evidence for an active reconstruction of the silver surface leading to the loss of these silver nuclei.     

Electrochemistry of scratched silver electrodes in chloride solutions

Current transients have been measured for silver electrodes held at a constant potential in solution and rapidly scratched in the presence of different chloride concentrations and pH. Two different types of oxidised monolayer are observed in different potential ranges, both below the Ag/AgCl reversible potential. The formation of a second monolayer of AgCl occurs only at higher potentials than the first, which itself occurs also to monolayer coverage. The first monolayer is probably a mixture of AgOH and AgCl. The steady state coverage of the second monolayer is a function of the chloride concentration. The anodic behavior of scratched silver electrodes is independent of pH in chloride solutions.     

Preparation and Characterization of Covalently Binding of Rat Anti-human IgG Monolayer on Thiol-Modified Gold Surface

The 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) film and rat anti-human IgG protein monolayer were fabricated on gold substrates using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) method. The surface properties of the bare gold substrate, the MHA film and the protein monolayer were characterized by contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The contact angles of the MHA film and the protein monolayer were 18° and 12°, respectively, all being hydrophilic. AFM images show dissimilar topographic nanostructures between different surfaces, and the thickness of the MHA film and the protein monolayer was estimated to be 1.51 and 5.53 nm, respectively. The GIXRD 2θ degrees of the MHA film and the protein monolayer ranged from 0° to 15°, significantly smaller than that of the bare gold surface, but the MHA film and the protein monolayer displayed very different profiles and distributions of their diffraction peaks. Moreover, the spectra of binding energy measured from these different surfaces could be well fitted with either Au4f, S2p or N1s, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that MHA film and protein monolayer were successfully formed with homogeneous surfaces, and thus demonstrate that the SAM method is a reliable technique for fabricating protein monolayer.     

Mono-and multilayer formation studies of silver chloride on silver electrodes from chloride-containing solutions

Cyclic voltammetric and single potential step current-time transient experiments were carried out on the silver electrode in the presence of different concentrations of chloride. A monolayer peak was noticed at potentials more negative to the Ag/AgCl reversible potential. Cyclic voltammetric studies led to the conclusion that mono- and multilayer formation of silver chloride occur by adsorption-desorption (desad) and nucleation-growth processes respectively. Potentiostatic current-time transients revealed additional information, i.e. the presence of coupled nucleation-growth and desad kinetic processes during monolayer formation.     

透明电磁波屏蔽膜用银盐胶片制备技术研究

本文研究了应用银盐照相技术制备透明电磁波屏蔽膜的方法。在透明聚脂基材上涂布感光乳剂层制得银盐胶片,之后通过带有网格图案的模版进行曝光,接着经过显、定影加工得到银质网格,银质网格再经镀铜工艺最终形成具有良好导电性和高透光率的电磁波屏蔽膜。     

On use of trilayer low density polyethylene greenhouse cover as substitute for monolayer cover

Abstract

Few attempts are available in the literature on utilising the trilayer low density polyethylene (LDPE) film as new generation of greenhouse cover to substitute the monolayer film that is often used. This paper investigates and compares the degradation behaviour and durability of both covers. The covers are exposed to 7 months of natural withering. The results revealed that the degradation resistance of trilayer film is better than the monolayer film in terms of their mechanical and optical properties. The service lifespan, based on 50% reduction in the property criterion, of the trilayer film is found to be double the service lifespan of the monolayer film.     

Synthesis,characterization, and antibacterial property of eco-friendly Ag/cellulose nanocomposite film

This paper reports silver/cellulose nanocomposite film and its antibacterial activity. A wet and porous cellulose film was served as support for silver nanoparticles synthesis by a hydrothermal method. Stable silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the cellulose film acting as both reducing and stabilizing agent without using any toxic chemicals. The characterization of the synthesized nanocomposite proves that silver nanoparticles are not only deposited over the cellulose surface but also nucleated and grew inside the cellulose film. Silver nanoparticle size and distribution were tuned to improve the antibacterial activity, and the synthesized nanocomposite film shows significant antibacterial action.     

银盐法制备透明导电膜的研究与应用

本文研究了银盐法制备透明导电膜的方法。该方法是通过对特制的银盐感光胶片进行曝光和显影加工,在聚酯片基上形成由金属银构成的网格图案,再经化学镀处理,制得透明导电膜。该透明导电膜的透光率可达80%,根据不同用途,其表面电阻在0.1~1000Ω/□宽广范围内可调控。该方法可用于制造PDP电视的透明电磁波屏蔽(EMI)膜;也可用于制造触摸屏的导电膜、聚合物和染料敏化太阳能电池的阳极,以替代ITO膜。此外,该方法还可延伸到制作RFID电子标签超高频天线等,具有广泛的应用前景。     

The kinetics of the anodic formation and reduction of phase silver sulfide films on silver in aqueous sulfide solutions

The kinetics of the potentiodynamic formation and reduction of silver sulfide films on a silver rotating disc electrode in aqueous sulfide solutions were investigated. Due to the inherently fast reaction between silver and the HS⁻ species, the physical processes of migration and diffusion of ions in solution were frequently rate limiting. Only when the rate of HS⁻ transport in solution was very high, did the rate of film growth become limited by the solid-state electromigration of silver ions through the silver sulfide film. By utilizing the low field approximation for field-assisted electromigration, the ionic conductivity of these films was found to be 5.9 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹. Silver sulfide film reduction occurred by the injection of electrons into the film to the film/electrolyte interface. All of the results have been supported by scanning electron microscope investigations.