不同黄精材料中多糖含量的比较

[目的]比较黄精愈伤组织、新鲜黄精和炮制黄精中多糖的含量,为黄精多糖的工业化生产奠定基础.[方法]采用超声细胞粉碎法提取组织培养黄精愈伤组织、新鲜黄精和炮制黄精中的多糖.[结果]新鲜黄精中多糖含量最高,愈伤组织中其含量与新鲜黄精接近,炮制黄精中多糖含量最低.[结论]该研究为黄精多糖的开发利用及工业化生产奠定了基础.     

不同产区山茱萸多糖含量的比较

[目的]比较不同采集地点山茱萸多糖含量的差异,为山茱萸基于多糖的良种选育提供理论依据.[方法]采集山茱萸道地产区浙江和河南的实生单株完熟果实,利用硫酸-苯酚法测定山茱萸单株果实中多糖的含量,比较同一采集地点不同单株及不同采集地山茱萸多糖含量.[结果]河南山莱萸多糖含量为4.70%～17.25%,平均含量为9.80%,变异系数(CV)为30.70%;浙江山茱萸多糖含量为3.78%～17.60%,平均值为8.45%,CV,为32.90%.不同采集地点山茱萸多糖含量差异显著.[结论]河南山茱萸多糖平均含量高于浙江产区,但浙江产山茱萸群体变异较河南产区更大,更具选优潜力.     

不同原产地苦荞种子中可溶性糖含量的比较

[目的]研究不同原产地苦荞种子中可溶性糖的含量差异.[方法]以不同原产地的35份苦荞样品为试验材料,采用比色法测定了其籽粒的可溶性糖含量.[结果]不同原产地的35份苦荞样品中的可溶性糖含量变化范围为7.23%～9.96%,平均值为8.17%;其中以贵州威宁产苦荞种子1374中可溶性糖含量最高,达9.96%;贵州威宁产种子苦荞T330中可溶性糖含量最低,为7.23%.[结论]该研究为苦荞植物资源的种植栽培和质量控制提供了科学依据.     

不同地区灯盏花总黄酮与野黄芩苷含量比较

[目的]比较不同地区灯盏花中总黄酮与野黄芩苷的含量.[方法]采用紫外分光光度计法测定灯盏花总黄酮含量,以高效液相色谱法测定野黄芩苷含量.[结果] 试验地区灯盏花野黄芩苷含量在1.053%～2.628%,昭通巧家落山所产的灯盏花野黄芩苷含量最高;总黄酮含量在8.845%～15.757%,腾冲芒棒乡1所产的灯盏花总黄酮含量最高.[结论] 不同地区灯盏花的总黄酮与野黄芩苷含量均存在差异.     

黄秆乌哺鸡竹叶化学成分的测定

[目的]测定黄秆乌哺鸡竹叶的化学成分.[方法]以当年生和3年生黄秆乌哺鸡竹成竹为试材,从竹子的顶梢、中部和基部采集样品,对其水提取物.采用硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠比色法测定总黄酮含量,福尔马林还原比色法测定总酚含量,凯氏定氮法和分光光度法测定蛋白质和总糖含量.[结果]黄秆鸟哺鸡竹新叶中总黄酮含量较高,老叶中总酚含量较高,黄酮含量平均为1.65%,总酚含量平均为2.35%;竹叶的蛋白质含量平均为21.37%;竹叶的总糖含量平均为36.99%,多糖含量平均为25.01%.[结论]黄秆乌哺鸡竹叶中的水提取物含量平均为24.64%,水溶性糖含量平均为11.98%,除含糖类外,还含有黄酮、酚类和蒽醌等化合物,因此黄秆乌哺鸡竹叶具有很好的抗癌保健作用.可开发为一种代茶饮料.     

苦荞的蔗糖含量变异研究

[目的]明确不同苦荞资源间蔗糖含量的差异,筛选出低蔗糖含量的苦荞材料.[方法]测定了不同产地的35份苦荞籽粒中的蔗糖含量.[结果]35份苦荞资源的蔗糖含量变化幅度为0.0077%～0.2089%,平均值为0.0518%;不同产地苦荞的蔗糖含量存在差异,以贵州赫章地区的较高,贵州纳雍地区的较低.[结论]苦荞中蔗糖含量较低,可作为低糖粮食作物进行推广利用.     

大枣多糖铁的合成及其铁含量测定

[目的]从大枣中提取大枣多糖,然后与铁(Ⅲ)合成大枣多糖铁配合物(JPC),建立JPC中铁含量的测定方法.[方法]采用热水浸泡法提取大枣多糖;在碱性条件下,大枣多糖水溶液与三氯化铁反应合成JPC;采用邻菲罗啉分光光度法和原子吸收光谱法测定JPC中铁(Ⅲ)的含量.[结果]JPC是深棕红色无定型粉末,JPC中铁(Ⅲ)的含量:邻菲罗啉分光光度法测定结果为19.76%,原子吸收光谱法测定结果为20.37%.[结论]邻菲罗啉分光光度法和原子吸收光谱法的测定结果基本一致.     

酒糟菌糠水溶性多糖的提取与含量测定

[目的]探讨了酒糟菌糠多糖提取的最佳工艺条件及测定4种酒糟菌糠多糖的含量,为酒糟菌糠的进一步开发提供依据.[方法]以茶树菇菌糠(未出菇)为材料,采用正交试验,进行水提醇沉法优选.根据优选出的最佳工艺条件,对茶树菇菌糠(出菇)、茶树菇菌糠(未出菇)、鸡腿菇菌糠(出菇)和鸡腿菇菌糖(未出菇)这4种酒糟菌糠进行粗多糖的提取,并采用硫酸-苯酚比色法测定粗多糖中总糖含量和DNS法测定粗多糖中还原糖的含量.[结果]酒糟菌糠粗多糖的最佳提取条件为料液比1:30,提取温度90℃,提取时间4 h;测得上述4种酒糟菌糠中多糖含量分别为0.39%、0.70%、0.47%、0.99%.[结论]来出菇的酒糟菌糠多糖含量高于出菇的酒糟菌糠,培养鸡腿菇的酒糟菌糠多糖含量高于培养茶树菇的酒糟菌糠.     

苯酚-浓硫酸法测定西藏天麻中多糖含量的条件优化

[目的]建立西藏天麻(RHIZOMA GASTRODIAE)多糖含量的测定方法.[方法]采用苯酚-浓硫酸比色法进行测定.[结果]以葡萄糖为标准品,苯酚-硫酸法测定天麻多糖含量的最佳反应条件为:6%苯酚溶液1 ml,浓硫酸5 ml,水浴温度25℃.西藏天麻多糖以葡萄糖(C<,5>H<,12>O<,6>)计,在21%～33%之间,平均值为28%,多糖的含量高,具有较高的使用价值和经济价值.[结论]该研究中的测定方法简便、准确,可用于评价西藏波密天麻药材的质量.西藏天麻多糖的含量较高,是一种大有潜质的保健食品和药材,开发及利用西藏天麻,对带动当地经济有非常重要的意义.     

不同产地短葶飞蓬中总黄酮含量的比较

[目的]研究了不同产地短葶飞蓬中总黄酮含量异同.[方法]以紫外分光光度法(UV)对云南省9个不同地点的野生短葶飞蓬含量进行测定,并对结果进行方差分析.[结果]短葶飞蓬中总黄酮单株最高含量达18.539%,最低含量为3.653%;腾冲芒棒乡1平均含量最高,禄劝县雪山乡最低.同一产地点不同植株间含量差异明显,最大变异系数为25.6%,最小变异系数为9.7%.不同产地短葶飞蓬间总黄酮含量方差结果显示,F=19.467,P=0.000 1<0.01,LSD最小显著差数多重比较表明,不同地点短葶飞蓬中总黄酮含量差异性显著.[结论]短葶飞蓬中总黄酮含量的高低是内在遗传和外在生长环境共同作用的结果,该研究结果可为云南短葶飞蓬良种选育提供依据.     

Cooperation of the family physician with the oncology center in the care of the children with tumors

With a cure rate of over 50% pediatric oncology contrasts with the adult oncology. The success is the result of a multimodal approach with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy to almost all forms of childhood cancer as outlined in various national and international protocols. These are evaluated permanently concerning efficacy and toxicity at one organisation (in Switzerland: the pediatric section of the "Schweizerische Arbeitsgruppe für klinische Krebsforschung"). For the care of the children with malignancy however a specialist physician team at a tumor center is not enough. Without the cooperation of the family doctors of the area proper referral of the patients and long term treatment can not be realized. Good information and adequate teaching appears to be necessary to give these patients optimal care.     

Changes in the functional status of the hemostatic system with the administration of heparin combined with aspirin to animals with experimental diabetes

It was shown that in the case of regular intragastric introduction of heparin combined with aspirin to rats with insulin-dependent experimental diabetes, enzymatic and nonenzymatic fibrinolysis of blood plasma was enhanced. The blood level of sugar was normalized in these animals.     

Optimization of fluorination of the tungsten powder with fluorine in a reactor with an immobile layer with the provision of green requirements

The computational procedures to model the fluorination of the tungsten powder with fluorine and condensation of formed WF₆, which describe the available experimental data satisfactorily, are developed using physicochemical foundations of processes. With their help, the equipment sizes and process parameters of the two-stage fluorination of the tungsten powder with fluorine with the condensation of liquid WF₆ after each stage at 2.5–3.0°C are optimized. The possibility of fabricating WF₆ with productivity of 5.23, 6.53, and 7.83 kg/h in reactors 200, 300, and 360 mm in diameter, respectively, at 300–350°C without the forced cooling of the highest heat-beat first fluorination setup is shown. The completeness of fluorine usage higher than 99.99% is attained in this case, while the amount of harmful gases (F₂, WF₆) leaving the process chain does not exceed their maximal permissible concentrations already in the vent gas volume. Recommendations for the organization of the fluorination production process of the tungsten powder are given.     

Evaluation of the degree of diabetic dysautonomy with the analysis of heart rate measured at rest with the FINAPRES system

In this work, we developped the ERK (Eckmann, Ruelle and Khamporst) method of recurrent plots to analyse Heart Rate Variability (HRV), measured by the FINAPRES system in diabetic subjects. Our aim was to search some indices that might characterize the degree of dysautonomy detected in diabetic subjects, using the Ewing tests. The idea was to analyze the recurrences of the HR to previously observed values. When a value of HR, xi measured at the j-th beat come back to an already observed value, we compare the distances between the following measures (xi + 1 to xj + 1), (xj + 2 to xj + 2)... If the distances are under a given criteria during k beats, xi is deterministic of order k. Let n1 be the number of recurrent points and nk the number of k-order deterministic points, with k = 2, 3, 4... We defined the index of determinism nk + 1/nk and the Shannon entropy of the Nk = nk-nk + 1. These indices will be correlated to the total score of the 5 Ewing tests, which represent the standard measure to evaluate the diabetic dysautonomy. Blood pressure (BP) and HR were measured during about 30 minutes using the FINAPRES system in 44 healthy subjects and 60 non-hypertensive diabetic subjects. In the diabetic subjects, the age, the body weight and systolic and diastolic BP were 56 +/- 13 years (mean +/- standard-deviation), 79 +/- 14 kg, 80 +/- 10 mmHg and 137 +/- 20 mmHg. HR was weakly correlated to age (r = 0.29; p = 0.02) and the Ewing score (r = 0.31; p = 0.01). Its standard-deviation is also weakly correlated to age (r = 0.32; p = 0.01) and to the Ewing score (r = 0.34; p = 0.01). Using the ERK method, we obtained indices which are much more correlated to the Ewing score. In particular, the ratio n2/n1 and Shannon entropy were correlated to the Ewing score with r = 0.51 and r = 0.53, respectively (p < 0.0001 in both cases). These indices are also correlated to age (r = 0.40; p = 0.003) in both cases. The ERK method give some indices which are easy to obtain (measurement of HR during a rest period) and easy to interpret. These indices are strongly linked to the dysautonomy score which required a good cooperation of the patient and a great vigilance during its execution. This method could be applied to BP to explore BP regulation in hypertensive subjects.     

Rewarming of infusions with the haemotherm

A rewarming device for blood called Haemotherm from the firm Bosch was proofed for efficiency. This device working on the base of microwaves was able to warm up cold solutions to a certain temperature within two to three minutes. The effect of rewarming disappeared during the passage through the infusion tube. To get bodywarm solutions at the end of the infusion tube was impossible with this arrangement.     

Survival of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus treated with combined-modality therapy

Since 1985, 229 cases of carcinoma of the esophagus have been considered for entry into a protocol with the use of preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy followed by surgical intervention as the primary element of treatment. One hundred sixty-five patients (93 with adenocarcinoma and 72 with squamous cell carcinoma) had esophagogastrectomy. The 5-year survival of the protocol patients who underwent resection was 25% for both groups--squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Of the protocol patients with squamous cell carcinoma who underwent resection, 40% had a sterilized specimen, whereas of those with adenocarcinoma, 20% had a sterilized specimen. If the patient had a sterilized specimen, the 5-year survival was approximately 60% for adenocarcinoma and 40% for squamous cell carcinoma. Those patients with adenocarcinoma and Barrett's esophagus had a 5-year survival of 55%. Of the patients who underwent only esophagectomy and esophagogastrectomy and had not been entered into the protocol, none lived beyond 3 years. The operative mortality rate for those who had esophagogastrectomy was 5%. Sixty-four patients completed the radiation therapy and chemotherapy but did not undergo surgical procedures because of progressive disease or refusal. Of those patients who completed chemotherapy and radiation therapy without surgical intervention, 5-year survival was 18% in patients with squamous cell carcinoma, whereas no patients with adenocarcinoma survived beyond 3 years. The finding of a sterilized specimen after esophagectomy is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. The finding that patients with Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma have an improved chance for survival is perhaps related to an earlier diagnosis. It is clear that some patients with squamous cell carcinoma who did not undergo surgical procedures did have a sterilized specimen, because the survival in this group approached 20% at 5 years.