欧盟纺织品关于有害物质的技术法规和标签

欧盟是对纺织品服装设立绿色壁垒较多的地区,关于纺织产品有毒有害化学物质的技术法规和生态标签标准中,影响较大的主要有REACH法规的附录ⅤⅫ(原欧盟指令76/769/EEC及其修订指令)、欧盟纺织品生态标签Ecolabel、Oeko-Tex Standard 100,主要对这3项法规和标准中生态概念和主要有害物质的技术指标作了对比.     

中欧食品营养标签标准和法规比较研究

以欧盟和中国的食品营养标签标准和法规为依据,比较食品营养标签法规标准的适用范围、强制标示内容、可选择标示内容、能量和营养成分的表达方式和豁免强制标示营养标签的异同,有利于了解我国和欧盟食品营养标签的内涵,促进食品出口企业提高食品营养标签的合格率。     

国内外纤维成分标签的对比分析

为了帮助我国纺织品出口企业了解和掌握纤维成分标签技术法规和标准,对比分析了中国、日本、美国、欧盟几个国家和地区的纤维成分标签技术法规和标准的异同,并总结分析了这些技术法规和标准的发展趋势。     

认证·预警

欧盟将聚丙烯／聚酰胺复合纤维纳入纺织品纤维法规 近日．欧盟将聚丙烯／聚酰胺复合纤维纳入纺织品纤维法规．法规要求在欧盟各国．纺织产品的标签及标记必须使用这个名称说明这种纤维成分。目前．中国纺织品大量出口至欧盟各国．此次修订法规必然对相关产业造成一定影响。     

欧盟发布化学品分类与标签信息目录

根据欧盟化学品注册、评估、许可和限制法规(REACH)与化学物分类与标签法规(CLP),近日,欧委会工业企业总司首次发布化学品分类与标签目录,明确界定对人体健康及环境具潜在风险的有害物质名单及其商品标签须标识的信息。该目录将有助于在欧盟及全世界统一规范有害化学物质的分类标准。欧委会环境委员认为,目录的发布为化     

欧盟、美国和日本酒类标签技术贸易措施对我国酒类产品出口的启示

本文介绍了欧盟、美国和日本酒类产品安全监管体系,详细阐述了上述几国酒类标签的具体法规。以四川白酒为例分析了我国酒类产品出口现状。针对酒类产品出口受阻情况,为酒类企业的顺利出口提出了两点建议:第一,酒类出口企业应从各个渠道及时关注出口目的地国标签法规的更新变化,出口产品标签信息严格依照国外标签的规定。第二,政府及科研机构应加大对国外标签法规的研究力度,特别是标签的变化趋势,及时向企业转发相关通报。同时,监督并指导相关企业落实酒类标签通报内容。     

欧盟动物源性食品法规体系研究进展

欧盟对于动物源性食品的保护居于世界领先水平,本文在欧盟食品法规体系结构的基础上,从动物源性食品的卫生、动物福利、动物营养、动物健康、污染物及包装标签等方面梳理了欧盟动物源性食品相关法规,并总结其特点,以期对我国动物源性食品的立法提供参考.     

欧洲议会批准新的纺织标签法规

<正>欧洲议会通过了新的纺织标签法规。新规定将对皮毛和皮革部分的可追溯性标签做强制性要求。自此,欧盟消费者将不用再担心因为轻易买到含有仿皮革或皮毛的纺织产品的风险产生。     

欧美纺织品有害物质限制趋势

欧盟与纺织品有害物质相关的限制法规和标准主要包括REACH法规、《生物杀灭剂指令》和欧盟生态纺织品标签.在美国,对纺织品有害物质管控影响最大的是美国服饰和鞋类协会制订的《限制物质清单》.Oeko-Tex Standard 100标准则是目前国际上最权威和影响最广的自愿性认证的纺织品生态标签.通过研究这些法规和标准的修订和更新历程,推断出欧美纺织品有害物质的限制趋势,主要表现为更新频繁、范围扩大化、限制严格化和影响扩大化等4个方面.     

中国物品编码中心：为我国食品行业的发展护航

世界食品安全溯源工作起源于欧盟,早在上个世纪,欧盟就开始了对食品安全的追溯工作。到了现在,许多欧盟国家政府已经建立了相对完善的食品安全溯源体系,使追溯工作成为构建食品安全管理不可或缺的有机组成部分。2000年,欧盟出台了新牛肉标签法规,要求自2002年起所有在欧盟国家上市销售的牛肉必须具备可追溯性。而随着全球食品安全问题的凸显,2002年,欧盟又出台食品安全法规,要求从2005年起,禁止不具备可追溯性的食品在欧盟销售。     

European Union policy on smokeless tobacco: a statement in favour of evidence based regulation for public health

Rationale: This statement is an updated version of one released by the same authors in February 2003. The statement was produced to follow up the Royal College of Physicians (RCP) Tobacco Advisory Group report "Protecting smokers, saving lives: the case for a tobacco and nicotine regulatory authority",¹ which argued for an evidence based regulatory approach to smokeless tobacco and harm reduction and posed a series of questions that regulators must address in relation to smokeless tobacco.

The purpose of this statement is to provide arguments of fact and principle to follow the RCP's report and to outline the public health case for changing existing European Union (EU) regulation in this area. A review of regulation in relation to harm reduction and regulation of tobacco products other than cigarettes is required in Article 11 of EU directive 2001/37/EC,² and this is a contribution towards forming a consensus in the European public health community about what policy the EU should adopt in the light of this review, or following ongoing legal action that may potentially strike out the existing regulation altogether.

Public health case: We believe that the partial ban applied to some forms of smokeless tobacco in the EU should be replaced by regulation of the toxicity of all smokeless tobacco. We hold this view for public health reasons: smokeless tobacco is substantially less harmful than smoking and evidence from Sweden suggests it is used as a substitute for smoking and for smoking cessation. To the extent there is a "gateway" it appears not to lead to smoking, but away from it and is an important reason why Sweden has the lowest rates of tobacco related disease in Europe. We think it is wrong to deny other Europeans this option for risk reduction and that the current ban violates rights of smokers to control their own risks. For smokers that are addicted to nicotine and cannot or will not stop, it is important that they can take advantage of much less hazardous forms of nicotine and tobacco—the alternative being to "quit or die"... and many die. While nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) may have a role in harm reduction, tobacco based harm reduction options may reach more smokers and in a different, market based, way. Chewing tobacco is not banned or regulated in the EU but is often highly toxic, and our proposal could remove more products from the market than it permitted.

Regulatory options: We believe that the EU policy on smokeless tobacco should adapt to new scientific knowledge and that the European Commission should bring forward proposals to amend or replace Article 8 of directive 2001/37/EC with a new regulatory framework. Canada has developed testing regimens for tobacco constituents and these could be readily adapted to the European situation. A review of EU policy in this area is required no later than December 2004, and we believe the Commission should expedite the part of its review that deals with harm reduction and regulation of tobacco products other than cigarettes so as to reconsider its policy on smokeless tobacco. We held this view before Swedish Match brought its legal proceedings to challenge EU legislation and we will continue to hold these views if its action fails.

     

REACH法规对我国造纸化学品和造纸工业的影响

REACH法规是欧盟关于管理化学品注册、评估、授权和限制的一个新法规,于2007年6月1日正式生效。该法规的实施,对我国乃至全世界化学品及相关产业都带来了极大的影响。简要介绍了REACH法规的内容及特点,分析了该法规对我国造纸化学品和造纸工业的影响,并提出了一些相应的对策与建议。     

欧盟食品标识法规管理现状及对我国食品标识体系的建议

发达国家对食品标签规定越来越详细和完善,标识管理也在一定程度上形成了技术贸易壁垒。为了更好的了解发达国家的标识管理,促进我国标识管理的发展,文中分别从水平和垂直角度介绍了欧盟的食品标识法规并分析了其管理中的特色法规。在此基础上,对比了欧盟和中国的食品标识法规的现状,提出了中国应该加强食品标识的系统性、完整性和科学性等建议。     

Initial interlaboratory validation of an analytical method for the determination of lead in canned tuna to be used for monitoring and regulatory purposes

The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) Standard Method 972.23 (dry ashing and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS)), applied to the analysis of lead in tuna, was validated in three selected local laboratories to determine the acceptability of the method to both the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) and the European Union (EU) Commission for monitoring lead in canned tuna. Initial validation showed that the standard AOAC method as performed in the three participating laboratories cannot satisfy the Codex/EU proposed criteria for the method detection limit for monitoring lead in fish at the present regulation level of 0.5 mg kg^-1. Modification of the standard method by chelation/concentration of the digest solution before FAAS analysis showed that the modified method has the potential to meet Codex/EU criteria on sensitivity, accuracy and precision at the specified regulation level.     

水产品:呼唤“游戏规则”

<正> 水产品质量标准的制定与执行,对保证食品安全、规范市场秩序和保障行业健康稳定发展、维护消费者权益等起到重要的作用。各国对标准的制定和监督执行十分重视,我国也不例外。但是目前我国水产品行业标准体系还不够完善,很多标准由生产、流通、使用、监督部门各自制定,缺乏统一的国家标准及行业标准,且技术要求不一,可操作性较差。     

纺织品RFT染色技术及相关化学品的发展

欧盟颁布的REACH法规议案对世界各国的化学工业及其下游行业将会产生很大的影响.阐述了可提高生产效率、降低生产成本的纺织品RFT（Right First Time）染色技术及其相关纺织化学品的最新进展,包括聚酯纤维的Dyexact XP体系、聚酯/棉混纺织物的RFF染色、棉织物一浴前处理和染色技术、聚酰胺/弹性纤维混纺织物的ECON dye Plus染色技术、聚酰胺织物的生态金属络合染色、棉织物的Innovat染色体系和纺织品的RTF印花,以及用于棉及其混纺织物RFr染色的新型活性染料和用于聚酯及其混纺织物RFT染色的新型分散染料.这些都是应对欧盟REACH法规的一个重要对策.     

入欧口罩等防护用品除了CE认证还要符合REACH法规要求

当前新冠病毒肺炎疫情正在肆虐全球,个人防护用品(PPE)的需求量猛增。欧盟安全联盟(ESF)特地发布了两篇文章,同时指出口罩等防护用品除了需满足欧盟CE认证外,还必须符合欧盟REACH法规的要求。对此进行了解读,以助企业快速应对和全面合规。     

A survey of the microbiological quality of Sharri,a hard mountain cheese from Kosovo

The microbiological quality of a hard mountain unpasteurised sheep cheese from three randomly selected manufacturing locations in Kosovo was investigated. Forty‐eight samples of row milk, coagulum, 8–10 days ripening cheese and of ready to eat cheese (45‐days in brine) were tested. Seventy‐five per cent of raw milk samples failed to comply with EU regulation 853/2004. All of coagulum and ripened cheese failed to comply with EU regulation 2073/2005 on process hygiene criteria. Despite the high incidence of coagulase‐positive staphylococci even in the final product [>10⁵ colony‐forming units (cfu)/g], Staphylococcal enterotoxin was detected in none of the samples and no samples were positive for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis.     

International legislation on trace elements as contaminants in food: a review

Environmental contaminants such as trace elements may be present in all foods. Foods, raw materials and ingredients for food production are to an increasing extent traded across borders. Hence, there is a need for international legislation on trace elements as contaminants in food. In 1961, the FAO and WHO established the Codex Alimentarius to elaborate international food legislation. Contaminants in food are handled by the Codex Committee for Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC). The Codex Alimentarius system for developing legislation concerning trace elements as contaminants in food is based upon the Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food (GSCTF). By October 2001, the principles for setting maximum limits (MLs) for contaminants in food are agreed, and work is in progress on MLs for trace elements such as lead and cadmium in the various food categories. The status for the proposals is presented and discussed. The EU Regulation 466/2001 of 8 March 2001 sets MLs for lead and cadmium in various foods. This regulation will apply from 5 April 2002. The EU regulation is more detailed but similar to the Codex draft standards for lead and cadmium in food. In future, legislators and administrators in the Codex and EU and analytical chemists will discuss how to use more and better analytical data as risk-management tools to protect public health. Trace elements' speciation is an important aspect of this discussion.     

欧盟纺织服装技术法规体系现状及其展望

分析了欧盟纺织服装技术法规的体系结构,介绍了相关法规、指令和决定的各自特点及其相互关系,以及这些法规的制定机构、适用范围和技术要求。重点介绍了REACH法规和欧盟儿童服装的协调标准EN 14682,以强调该技术法规对中国服装出口商的现实意义。根据欧盟法规发展特点,展望了未来欧盟纺织服装法规的发展趋势及方向。