配电线路避雷器雷电感应过电压防护研究

应用ATP-EMTP对配网架空线路雷电感应过电压下,线路避雷器的保护效果进行了仿真计算研究。仿真计算结果表明,安装线路避雷器可以对配网架空线路雷电感应过电压进行防护,其保护效果与避雷器的配置方式及线路杆塔接地电阻有关,降低杆塔接地电阻可以减小线路避雷器的安装密度。     

配电线路架设地线对雷电感应过电压的防护效果

雷电感应过电压是10kV架空配电线路雷电防护的主要对象,架设地线对雷电感应过电压的防护效果是工程中重点关注的问题。为此,建立了有地线线路的感应过电压计算模型,仿真研究了电杆接地电阻和地线位置对地线限制感应过电压效果的影响,根据研究结果,建议将地线架设在导线上方,在满足线间距离要求的情况下,尽量将地线靠近导线,电杆可自然接地。对不同大地电阻率和绝缘子闪络电压条件下,线路的雷电感应过电压闪络率进行了计算,结果表明,线路的雷电感应过电压闪络率随着大地电阻率的增大和绝缘子闪络电压的降低而呈上升趋势,架设地线可将线路的雷电感应过电压闪络率降低约72.2%～84.1%,架设地线对雷电感应过电压具有较好的防护效果。     

配电线路雷电感应过电压仿真计算分析

为研究雷电感应过电压的发展规律,提出了采用Heidler雷电流波形模型、MTLE雷电流回击模型、Co-oray-Rubinstein电磁场传播模型、Agrawal场线耦合模型的配电线路雷电感应过电压的计算方法以及相关仿真参数,并自主开发了一套雷电感应过电压仿真计算程序。将程序计算结果和真型试验结果进行比较,所得线路电场强度和线路过电压的计算结果与试验数据相符,计算误差在10%以内,验证了程序所得结果的准确性。结果表明,先导发展过程在雷击线路前产生静电感应,影响线路上的过电压波形,电晕效应在计算中可以忽略;基于研发的程序,计算时可考虑先导发展过程和非理想大地对感应过电压的影响,实现电磁场与暂态传播过程的同步计算。     

计及架空地线的配电线路雷电感应过电压模型及应用

该文提出一种基于MODELS语言计算雷电感应过电压的工程模型方法.用于对雷电通道建模以及与架空线路的电磁耦合进行了分析,并在ATP/EMTP中实现且验证.方法考虑了有损地面对径向电场的影响,能够搭建适用于用于配电网输电线路及架空线路的感应雷模型,开发了模型新的应用方式,采用解析方法计算线路中的雷电感应电压,再通过感应电...     

架空配电线路感应雷过电压的数值计算

对架空配电线路感应雷过电压进行了数值计算,介绍了数值计算的具体方法,给出了大量的计算结果,并同理论值作了比较,进而分析了配电线路感应雷过电压的特点和分布特性。     

架空配电线路雷电感应过电压计算研究

为了研究雷电感应过电压特性,指导架空配电线路雷电防护,分析了现有雷电感应过电压计算方法的不足,提出一种改进计算方法。该计算方法分为雷电电磁脉冲计算和雷电电磁脉冲激励下的多导体瞬态响应计算2个步骤,考虑了大地损耗对雷电电磁脉冲和多导体传输线瞬态过程的影响以及线路带有分支和集中参数元件的实际情况。通过与火箭引雷感应过电压实测波形的对比验证了计算方法的有效性。利用该文的计算方法对雷电感应过电压进行了计算分析,其基本特征表现为:雷电感应过电压为短尾波,在导线上距离落雷点最近处最大,并延导线逐渐衰减;大地损耗越大,最大雷电感应过电压值越大,但沿线衰减越快;雷电感应过电压的最大幅值受雷电回击速度的影响较小,受线路分支影响明显,同时与线路高度、线路与落雷点间距离为非线性关系。     

10kV配电线路感应雷过电压波形特征实测分析

为获取配电线路上感应雷过电压数据,研究其波形特征,以期指导架空配电线路雷电防护,该文利用线路过电压在线监测系统,对云南省丽江市华坪县某10kV配电线路上感应雷过电压进行了实测,并对其波形特征和影响因素进行了分析。2021年6至8月份,系统记录了该线路雷雨季节内42次雷电感应过电压数据。测得感应雷过电压波形大体表现出3个过程：包括在初始负峰值之前的缓慢升高,随后是快速极性反转以及后续的衰减振荡,其中最后一个过程值得注意。严格来说,所有记录的电压都是双极性的,但实际情况下普遍认为只有一个半周期具有重要影响。实测感应雷过电压波形参数受不同定义标准影响,可能与标准雷电冲击电压(1.2/50μs)有很大不同。依据Piantini提出的感应电压分类标准,单极性波形占总数的19%,大部分数据呈正极性,波头时间平均值、中值分别为14.5μs、13.2μs。双极性波形占总数的81%,其中,63%第一个半周期是负极性的,在91%的情况下,电压峰值出现在第一个或第二个半周期。     

架空配电线路感应雷过电压的计算

国民经济的发展离不开电力工业,电能已成为广大人民群众和社会生活生产不可或缺的重要能源.对于电力系统来说,架空配电线路是极为重要的电能输送通道具有重要地位.随着社会生活生产的需要,电力系统发展迅速,架空配电线路的结构也愈发复杂.配电系统的绝缘水平本就不高,再加上系统容量逐渐增加,配电系统一旦遭受雷击,故障概率非常高.基于以上问题,本文就架空配电线路的感应雷过电压展开深入分析,旨在降低架空配电线路的雷击跳闸率,提高架空配电线路的供电可靠性.     

10kV配电线路的雷电感应过电压特性

架空配电线路绝缘水平低,直击雷及雷电感应过电压导致的雷击闪络事故率很高,为了重点研究考虑大地有限电导率后配电线路雷电感应过电压的波形特性和统计特性,采用时域有限差分(the finite difference-time domain,FDTD)算法求解多导体传输线方程,在算法中考虑了绝缘子的闪络过程以及大地电导率对传输线的影响,给出了线路在几种典型雷击情况(直击雷和雷电感应)下,不同大地电导率时配电线路上的感应过电压发展过程及分布特性.分析结果表明,不考虑大地电导率与考虑大地电导率的计算结果相差很大.还分析了雷电流幅值、上升时间、雷击点与线路距离等因素对雷电感应过电压水平的影响.针对不同大地电导率情况下配电线路的感应过电压进行了统计分析,给出了考虑直击雷及不考虑直击雷两种情况下线路最大感应过电压概率分布、绝缘闪络率以及闪络次数.     

Study concerning production of lightning overvoltages on low‐voltage power distribution lines

In order to study lightning problems of low‐voltage power distribution lines, lightning overvoltage waveforms were observed inside the homes of customers. The cause of lightning overvoltages was examined from observation of striking points by still cameras. Lightning overvoltages of 62 waveforms were recorded by observation over a period of about 3 1/2 years. Observed waveforms can be classified into three types of single polarity (positive or negative), both polarities (which change from positive to negative or negative to positive), and pulsive waveform. The causes of these lightning overvoltages which were estimated from striking points are shown as follows: (1) Induced lightning overvoltages on low‐voltage distribution lines. (2)   Electric potential rise due to discharge of surge arresters or current of overhead ground wire. (3)   Shift of lightning overvoltages from high‐voltage side of transformer to low‐voltage side, which is due to electromagnetic induction. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 130(4): 66–75, 2000     

Effect of lightning overvoltages on low-voltage power distribution lines due to direct lightning hits to overhead ground wire

Overhead ground wires and surge arresters have been installed to protect high-voltage power distribution lines and apparatus from overvoltages induced by nearby lightning strokes. The effects of surge arresters for protection of high-voltage distribution lines against direct lightning strokes have already been investigated using the digital simulation program EMTP (Electromagnetic Transients Program). With regard to the protection of low-voltage distribution lines from overvoltages induced by lightning strokes, experimental analyses using a scale model line have been reported. This paper reports on the comparison between the experimental analyses and EMTP simulation of power distribution lines, including low-voltage lines, and the validity of EMTP simulation. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the overvoltages on low-voltage power distribution lines against direct lightning strokes to overhead ground wire using the digital simulation.     

交流架空线对平行埋地钢制管道感性耦合的计算研究

随着城市发展和能源需求的持续增大,交流架空输电线路对埋地钢制管道的电磁影响问题愈加突出。而传统方法主要利用电磁场仿真或大地回路等效模型实现耦合电压的计算,其方法复杂且耗时长。针对上述问题,提出了一种针对交流架空输电线路正常运行时对平行埋地钢制管道耦合电压的计算方法。文中首先建立计及多因素影响的单位长度管道耦合电压计算模型,其次通过分析绝缘连接和管道破损等因素对感性耦合电压最低点位置的偏移作用,给出了最低点位置的计算方法以确定管道耦合电压分布形式,最后提出了基于单位长度管道感性耦合电压增量和耦合电压分布形式的管道耦合电压计算方法。实例分析表明,相比于仿真值和实测值,其误差低于10%,能对管道耦合电压进行合理计算。     

Statistical analysis of lightning performance of distribution lines based on observation in fields

Because of the lower insulation level than for transmission lines, in this study on lightning protection design of distribution lines, not only direct lightning strokes but also induced voltages caused by nearby strokes must be taken into account. Thus, it is necessary to grasp the frequency of occurrence of lightning phenomena around distribution lines. For this aim, lightning phenomena on TEPCO's distribution lines in use were continuously observed for 6 years (1996 to 2001). Through this observation, new interesting statistical data that can be a useful basis for rationalization of lightning protection design of distribution lines were obtained. Two hundred and four lightning strokes were observed through the six‐year period. Probability of occurrence of a direct stroke was 22% (45 direct strokes were obtained). The fact that in 47% of direct strokes the electric outage did not occur is very interesting. Moreover, the value of surge discharge current of the arrester in the case of nearby stroke is the basis for conventional theory of grounding system. Therefore, statistical analysis of ZnO discharging current in the case of nearby strokes was carried out. As a result, in the case of nearby strokes, 5% value of cumulative frequency of discharging current is 0.5 kA. This value is half the conventional data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(2): 8–16, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20180     

Observation of lightning phenomena on distribution lines using composite techniques

For the rationalization of lightning protection design of distribution lines, it is important to clarify the behavior of distribution lines when direct or nearby lightning occurs. Because of the lower insulation level than for transmission lines, in studies on lightning protection design of distribution lines, not only direct lightning strokes but also induced voltages caused by nearby strokes must be taken into account. Thus, it is necessary to grasp the frequency of occurrence on lightning phenomena around distribution lines. For this aim, lightning phenomena on TEPCO's distribution lines in use had been continuously observed for 6 years (1996 to 2001). The observation was carried out in a composite way, using still cameras and sensor for acquisition of lightning surge waveform data. Through the observation, new phenomena about lightning performance on distribution lines in the field became apparent. In some cases, in spite of a direct strike to the line, flashover did not occur. This fact means that the distribution line has a certain level of lightning resistance. Moreover, it was confirmed that AC following current generated between both ends of insulator disappeared naturally. These results are interesting discoveries that can be useful in estimating the fault ratio precisely. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(1): 10–19, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( http://www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20164     

10kV运行配电线路雷电感应过电压波形在线监测

雷电感应过电压是造成配电网故障的重要原因之一,针对雷电感应过电压波形特征不清晰的问题,作者采用过电压在线监测系统,对实际运行的佛山10kV富油甲线雷电感应过电压波形进行观测,根据波形特征给出了过电压的波形参数。结果表明,配电线路各相感应电压叠加在运行电压波形上,不同相上感应过电压与对应的回击电流在幅度、时间间隔和波形上都存在同时性,该线路观测的雷电感应电压波形表现为波头时间短、后续发生双极性高频振荡并逐渐转变为低频振荡的波形特点,首次回击感应过电压幅值大于后续回击过电压幅值,首次回击过电压的波头时间比后续过电压长,观测结果对于配电线路雷电保护具有重要意义。     

输电线路铁塔选型探讨

结合多年来贵州的输电线路铁塔在制造、安装及维护方面的情况,以及从事铁塔制造的一些经验和看法,以及对铁塔安装、维护方面存在的一些问题的了解,对输电线路铁塔的使用提出了建立标准库的建议。     

Statistical analysis of lightning surges on distribution lines based on the observation

Probability distribution of surge discharging current of arresters provided a basis for conventional theory of grounding systems. In order to rationalize the grounding systems, it is necessary to grasp the statistical data of lightning surges on distribution lines caused by direct lightning strokes and indirect lightning strokes. Lightning phenomena on TEPCO's distribution lines had been continuously observed for the rationalization of lightning protection design of distribution lines. The observation had been carried out with still cameras and monitoring sensors of lightning surges. This makes it possible to discover new interesting facts that can be useful for rationalization of lightning protection design of distribution lines. Cumulative frequency distribution of conventional data is close to that of ZnO discharging current in the case of direct strokes and indirect strokes through TEPCO's observation. Moreover, to verify the cumulative current distribution in concrete poles, the authors have compared the cumulative distribution of current through ground lines with that of current through ground lines and concrete poles. The results show that the distribution of current through ground lines and concrete poles is larger than that of current through only ground lines for high currents exceeding 1 kA. This fact suggests that lightning surge current flows not only in ground lines but also in concrete poles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(2): 36–44, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20468     

基于调压整流的配网线路直流融冰方法及其装置研究

目前配网线路主要采取的人工除冰方法进行融冰,无法迅速有效地实现除冰。在统计分析湖南部分地区配网线路的型号和长度的基础上,根据各种线型的最小融冰电流和最大融冰电流,经过融冰电压等计算,提出了基于调压整流的直流融冰方法。研制了相应的移动式直流融冰装置,有效地解决了冰灾发生时2 km以内长度的任意线型配网线路的融冰问题,能够显著地降低电力设施受冰冻灾害破坏的损失。     

不同电压等级同杆并架多回线路的故障定位

基于分布参数模型,提出了一种不同电压等级的同杆并架多回线路故障测距方法：利用两端同步的电压和电流的正序分量,根据均匀传输线方程从线路两端分别推导出故障点处的正序电压,进而得出故障测距公式。所提出的故障测距方法只需用到线路两端的电压电流的正序分量,消除掉耦合线路之间零序互感对测距的影响。该算法原理上不受过渡电阻、系统阻抗、分布电容以及故障种类的影响,解决了在不同电压等级的同杆线路中精确故障测距问题。PSCAD仿真证明该方法定位精度高,不受过渡电阻及故障类型的影响。