新阈值二进小波去噪算法在齿轮信号中的应用

在齿轮的激光检测过程中,由于各种噪声源的影响,原始信号会出现特征信息弱化的现象,影响了齿轮检测的准确性。为解决该问题,在分析传统软、硬阈值函数不足的基础上,提出了一种新阈值函数和二进小波变换相结合的去噪方法。在该方法中构建了一个可以调节的新阈值函数,该阈值随二进小波分解系数的变化以指数形式动态调整,克服了传统硬阈值函数不连续和传统软阈值函数存在偏差的问题。经仿真实验验证,该方法的信噪比和适用性具有明显的改善。     

边界保存的二进小波图像去噪算法

根据小波变换系数与图像边界的关系,提出了一种基于二进小波变换的图像去噪算法。首先用二进小波在不同尺度上分解图像,在低频部分上提取图像边界,根据图像边界与小波系数的关系,估计对应尺度上高频部分的噪声的方差,用Oracle估计子估计图像的二进小波系数,用估计出的二进小波系数重建图像。实验表明,该算法能够有效地去除各种分布的图像噪声。     

Construction and properties of spline dyadic wavelet filters

This paper focuses on the construction and properties of spline dyadic wavelet that equals its reconstruction wavelet. A general construction method of finite spline dyadic low-pass and high-pass filters is given. It proves that finite spline dyadic low-pass filters are symmetric about 0 or 1/2, but there are no finite spline high-pass filters possessing symmetry with respect to 0 or 1/2. It further shows that there exist infinite spline high-pass filters possessing symmetry with respect to 0 or 1/2, which can be constructed. Their energy is concentrated and so finite symmetric spline dyadic wavelet filter that equals its reconstruction filter can be obtained approximately. Construction examples for quadratic and cubic spline dyadic wavelet filters are given.     

基于自适应二进小波变换的人脸检测方法

提出一种基于提升二进小波变换的检测人脸部位（如鼻子、眼睛和嘴唇等）的快速算法。在提升二进小波滤波器中的自由参数是学习的,从便使两个向量（其中一个向量的分量是提升二进小波滤波器系数,另一个向量的分量是人脸某部位像素）之间的夹角的余弦值最大化。学习得到的滤波器应用到测试图像中,可以检测人脸某些部位。实验结果表明,该方法具有较强的鲁棒性,能够很好地解决复杂背景下的人脸检测问题。由于该方法实现的简单性,并容易由硬件实现,使得检测速度进一步提高,因此该方法在可视电话等领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

小波模极大值滤噪法在示波计时电位信号处理中的应用

将小波模极大值滤噪法用于处理含噪示波计时电位信号。研究了信号中有用信息频带大小和噪音频带大小对滤噪结果的影响。示波计时电位信号经小波模极大值滤噪法处理后，切口宽度和相对深度变化很小，切口相对深度的相对误差仅为1．3％。实验结果表明：该方法适合于对信号中有用信息频带较窄且位于低频的信号滤噪或有用信息频带与噪音频带(即有用信息的频率上限与噪音的频率下限)有一定差距的含噪信号中高频噪音的滤除。     

Logarithmic dyadic wavelet transform with its applications in edge detection and reconstruction

In this paper, based on the logarithmic image processing model and the dyadic wavelet transform (DWT), we introduce a logarithmic DWT (LDWT) that is a mathematical transform. It can be used in image edge detection, signal and image reconstruction. Comparative study of this proposed LDWT-based method is done with the edge detection Canny and Sobel methods using Pratt's Figure of Merit, and the comparative results show that the LDWT-based method is better and more robust in detecting low contrast edges than the other two methods. The gradient maps of images are detected by using the DWT- and LDWT-based methods, and the experimental results demonstrate that the gradient maps obtained by the LDWT-based method are more adequate and precisely located. Finally, we use the DWT- and LDWT-based methods to reconstruct one-dimensional signals and two-dimensional images, and the reconstruction results show that the LDWT-based reconstruction method is more effective.     

基于二进小波变换的多尺度图切割方法

针对传统多尺度图切割方法进行图像边缘轮廓提取时仅采用高斯低通滤波和一阶微分求导,而忽略轮廓精度的缺陷,提出利用二进小波变换的方法进行多尺度边缘检测。在建立多尺度相似矩阵的过程中,根据每层小波的特性直接对各个尺度的相似矩阵进行构造,有效地减少了求解相似矩阵的运算复杂度,降低了内存消耗。实验结果表明,该方法与传统多尺度图切割方法相比具有更好的分割效果。     

二进小波与改进的形态学融合的边缘检测算法

针对小波变换边缘检测算法抗噪能力差、图像边缘不连续等缺点,提出一种将二进小波变换与形态学算子融合的边缘检测算法。利用新构造的二进小波滤波器边缘检测算法对含噪图像进行边缘检测,可以保留较多的边缘细节;利用新设计的多结构抗噪形态学算子对含噪图像进行边缘检测,抑制噪声良好;将两种算法得到的边缘结果按一定规则进行融合,利用Laplace算子锐化融合后的图像,得到最终的边缘检测结果。实验结果表明,该融合算法在抑制噪声的同时显示较多的图像细节,检测的图像边缘连续且准确。     

地震信号小波变换的去噪方法

运用模极大值法基本原理进行地震信号去噪研究,进而运用二次小波变换原理通过低层系数处理对常用小波去噪方法进行改进.通过合成不同的染噪地震信号,由一系列仿真实验对模拟地震信号进行不同尺度的小波分解与重构,从而实现最优小波分解尺度上的地震信号噪声去除.与常用的快速傅立叶转换方法比较,仿真结果表明,该小波变换方法能够有效去除地震勘探信号中的噪声,并且针对系数的二次小波变换可以明显改进去噪的效果.     

3D depth estimation for visual inspection using wavelet transform modulus maxima

A vision based approach for calculating accurate 3D models of the objects is presented. Generally industrial visual inspection systems capable of accurate 3D depth estimation rely on extra hardware tools like laser scanners or light pattern projectors. These tools improve the accuracy of depth estimation but also make the vision system costly and cumbersome. In the proposed algorithm, depth and dimensional accuracy of the produced 3D depth model depends on the existing reference model instead of the information from extra hardware tools. The proposed algorithm is a simple and cost effective software based approach to achieve accurate 3D depth estimation with minimal hardware involvement. The matching process uses the well-known coarse to fine strategy, involving the calculation of matching points at the coarsest level with consequent refinement up to the finest level. Vector coefficients of the wavelet transform-modulus are used as matching features, where wavelet transform-modulus maxima defines the shift invariant high-level features with phase pointing to the normal of the feature surface. The technique addresses the estimation of optimal corresponding points and the corresponding 2D disparity maps leading to the creation of accurate depth perception model.     

Chatter detection based on probability distribution of wavelet modulus maxima

This paper presents a statistical chatter detection method. The methodology is based on the study of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) scheme and statistical analysis of wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM). Wavelet transform modulus maxima is used to describe any point where wavelet transform of a signal is locally maximal at corresponding time location. Meanwhile, due to the noisy machining environment, a wavelet-based de-noising method including a hybrid thresholding function and a level-dependent universal threshold rule is proposed. A non-dimensional chatter index varying between 0 and 1 is designed based on the statistical analysis of the WTMM. The main advantages of the proposed chatter index include that: (a) its variation range is independent of process parameters and machining systems, and (b) its threshold value is much less susceptible to cutting condition changes since its value is in relative term. As a result, the chatter index could be used for different machining processes without the time-consuming recalibration process.     

基于小波变换的动态称重信号处理方法

针对目前动态汽车衡因货车拖磅称重而导致称重信号异常及称重不准确问题,提出采用小波变换极大值信号重构算法对拖磅称重信号进行处理:首先将拖磅称重信号逐层分解到不同频域和时域,在保持频率不变的条件下,对称重信号逐级求极大值点,得出信号逐级变化趋势;然后将多级称重信号按原离散逼近系数重构成新的称重信号,进而得到车辆称重信息。现场实测表明,采用小波变换极大值信号重构算法处理后的货车拖磅称重数据与正常过磅时称重数据的误差小于1%。     

基于小波域影响锥的小波萎缩去噪算法

信号的奇异点和不规则结构往往携带了一些重要的信息,而小波变换是检测信号奇异点和跳变沿的一种有效的工具。为了更好地从噪声污染的信号中消除干扰和保留信号原始特征,根据奇异点影响锥的范围和小波域模极大值线传播特性,提出了一种新的算法来寻找奇异点影响锥内的小波系数,并进行去噪处理。仿真实验表明：与传统的阈值去噪方法相比,该算法实现简单并且有着更好的滤波性能。     

一种快速离散小波变换算法及其在语音信号中的应用

随着小波分析的理论研究水平不断提高,其应用领域也在不断扩展。特别是其多分辨率分析和Mallat算法在数字信号处理和数字通信中得到了广泛的应用。但是如果直接按照上述算法计算信号的小波分解和重构,其计算量将是很大的。通过对实序列的快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法的推导及Mallat算法原理的分析,根据离散小波变换算法结构特征,提出了一种基于FFT的快速离散小波变换算法,并从数学理论上进行了论证。同时把该算法应用到实际的语音信号处理中,得到了很好的快速分解和重构效果。     

A new wavelet transform preconditioner for iterative solution of elastohydrodynamic lubrication problems

We develop a novel preconditioning strategy, based on a non-standard, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), for the dense, non-symmetric, linear systems that must be solved when Newton's method is used in the solution of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) problems. Simple band preconditioners and sparse preconditioners based on standard DWT have been found to be of limited value for EHL problems, since they may be singular, give poor convergence or be expensive to apply. We present algorithms for preconditioner design based on detecting non-smooth diagonal bands within an otherwise smooth matrix and applying a non-standard DWT to compress the part of the matrix away from the band. We illustrate, by numerical examples, the improvements that can be made when our methods are used.     

小波变换在X射线图像边缘检测中的应用

分析了X射线探伤图像的特点,将小波变换技术应用到X射线图像的边缘检测中,提出了基于小波变换的模极大值边缘检测算法,利用二次B样条小波,采用Mallat快速算法进行小波分解,采用分块阈值选取方法确定模极大值点,给出缺陷边缘。实验结果表明,该方法去噪效果好,检测出的缺陷边缘具有较强的连续性。     

基于小波变换的信号去噪的应用研究

文章指出了小波变换去噪方法与一般意义下去噪方法的不同,讨论了小波变换算法的优越性,进而提出了利用小波算法对含噪信号进行逐层分析与重构,将原始信号分解为不同频带,滤除不需要的频带,最后用Mallat重建算法得到去噪后的信号,既有效地滤除了信号噪声,又保留了信号的突变性。大量的实验结果和进一步的分析表明,该技术应用在动力系统的去噪研究中将更加有利于系统的稳定运行。     

快速提升小波变换及其在电位滴定信号处理中的应用

介绍了快速提升小波变换的原理和实现步骤,提出了一种基于提升算法的快速小波变换确定电位滴定终点新方法。分别对HAc、H2C2O4、H3PO4及苯酚的滴定曲线进行提升小波变换得到小波系数γNaOH,所得小波系数的极大值对应于滴定曲线的突跃部分。研究发现,滴定突跃越大,｜γ｜越大,酸性越弱,峰越宽。将由提升算法得到的计算结果与由实际加入的酸的量而求出在达到终点时理论上应消耗NaOH体积进行对照,验证了快速提升小波变换确定电位滴定终点的可靠性。对电位滴定实验数据的处理结果表明,该法快速、准确,可为计算机实时确定电位滴定终点开辟一条新的途径。     

由小波变换模极大值重构信号的快速算法

信号在不同尺度上的小波变换模极大值包含了信号中的重要信息,因此研究如何由小波变换模极大值重构信号是很有意义的.本文提出了一种基于Hermite插值由二进小波变换模极大值重构信号的快速算法.数值试验表明,与Mallat经典的交替投影算法相比,本文算法可以在保证信号重构质量的前提下简化计算过程,提高计算效率,计算所需时间与交替投影算法相比大大减少,是一种实用性较强的信号重构算法.     

基于小波包变换的脑电波信号降噪及特征提取

针对原始脑电波信号存在非平稳性且非常容易受到各种信号干扰等特点,对基于小波变换和小波包变换的脑电波信号的滤波降噪方法,和基于小波包变换的脑电波信号特征提取方法进行了研究。首先利用MindSet采集到原始脑电波数据,然后分别应用小波变换和小波包变换对其进行降噪处理,比较了两种方法的性能,验证了基于小波包变换的降噪方法的优越性和特征提取方法的有效性。