共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 21 毫秒
1.
A. G. Anshits N. N. Anshits A. A. Deribas S. M. Karakhanov N. S. Kasatkina A. V. Plastinin A. Yu. Reshetnyak V. V. Sil'vestrov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2005,41(5):591-598
The detonation velocity of an emulsion explosive containing hollow alumosilicate microspheres (cenospheres) as the sensitizer
is measured. The size of the microspheres is 50–250 μm. The relations between the detonation velocity and the charge density
and diameter are compared for emulsion explosives containing cenospheres or glass microballoons as the sensitizer. It is shown
that for a 55 mm diameter charge, the maximum detonation velocity of the composition with cenospheres of size 70–100 μm is
5.5–5.6 km/sec, as well as for 3M glass microballoons. The critical diameter for the emulsion explosive with cenosphere is
1.5–2 times larger than that for the emulsion explosive with glass microballoons and is 35–40 mm.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 119–127, September–October, 2005. 相似文献
2.
The ranges of solid-state detonation velocities are estimated, based on the volume velocity of sound in the reacting mixture
(lower limit) and the wave velocity corresponding to the pressure of polymorphic transformation of the product with formation
of a more dense phase (upper limit). The latter values are consistent with gas-dynamic estimates of detonation velocities
and correlate with detonation velocities of typical high explosives.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 104–106, September–October, 2007. 相似文献
3.
Detenation of thin layers of dispersed primary and secondary high explosives (HE) on the outer surface of glass and plastic
tubes 0.6–3 mm in diameter was examined at an initial air pressure inside the tube of 0.1 MPa to 30 Pa. It is shown that,
under these conditions, the air practically does not influence the detonation velocity, which for secondary explosives (PETN,
RDX, and HMX), is lower than or approximately equal to the Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocityD
CJ for a homogeneous mixture of the same substances. Experiments with a primary HE (lead azide) revealed regimes with a wave
velocity higher thanD
CJ and a varying reaction zone pattern. When tubes containing a layer of a secondary HE were filled with an explosive gas mixture,
waves of a hybrid detonation with a velocity both higher and lower than that in the evacuated tubes was observed. In tubes
with diameter 2–3 mm, detonation proceeded in a spinning regime over the entire range of the initial pressure and at a velocity
higher thanD
CJ. It is concluded that in the evacuated tubes with a thin HE layer on the walls, ignition is transferred by the stream of
hot detonation products moving at the head of the detonation wave.
Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 56–67, November–December 1998 相似文献
4.
Experimental data are presented on the dependence of the critical diameter and detonation velocity of cast and liquid porous
TNT and TA-15 alumotol (Al/TNT) on charge density. The results of the detonation velocity measurements are compared with calculations.
Based on this comparison, it is proposed that the reaction during detonation of alumotol is substantially heterogeneous and
this is confirmed by plotting the detonation velocity as a function of density for model mixtures of TNT with various amounts
of aluminum and an inert component.
Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp 88–93, July–August 1998. 相似文献
5.
M. F. Gogulya M. N. Makhov M. A. Brazhnikov A. Yu. Dolgoborodov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2006,42(4):480-485
The effect of the addition of Al on the detonation velocity of bis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl) nitramine (BTNEN) was studied experimentally.
It is shown that the dependence of the detonation velocity of BTNEN on the initial density is nearly linear, and a 75/25 BTNEN/Al
mixture is characterized by an increase in the slope of the dependence with increasing density. The addition of Al decreases
the detonation velocity of BTNEN. The density range characterized by a maximum decrease in the detonation velocity is determined.
A comparison of experimental detonation velocities of BTNEN/Al mixtures with literature data obtained by calculations taking
into account a possible change in the phase state of Al2O3 showed that the thermodynamic model used in the calculations needs to be improved.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 125–130, July–August, 2006. 相似文献
6.
V. I. Manzhalei 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2007,43(5):567-571
Results of experiments on detonation propagation in a rectangular horizontal channel with high ribs on the lower wall are
presented. The experiments were performed with acetylene-oxygen mixtures. An interval of initial pressures is found, in which
low-velocity detonation with a steady velocity of 0.38–0.55 of the Chapman-Jouguet velocity without losses exists. This detonation
wave is a system consisting of a shock wave and a flame. Owing to gas outflow to the layer occupied by the ribs, the flame
is maintained at a constant distance from the shock wave, which is approximately equal to the free transverse size of the
channel. This distance weakly decreases with increasing initial pressure and is almost independent of the burning rate of
the gas at standard temperature.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 82–86, September–October, 2007. 相似文献
7.
K. F. Grebenkin S. K. Tsarenkova A. S. Shnitko 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):172-176
A numerical model of weakly nonideal detonation of plastic-bounded TATB is proposed, which alleviates the requirements to
the computational grid and necessary computational resources. The model is tested against the experimental results on the
dependence of the detonation velocity on the charge diameter and detonation propagation in an annular charge.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 56–60, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
8.
Theory of solid-state detonation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Jouguet theory allows one to estimate the detonation velocity from the known shock adiabat of the product of a solid-state
chemical reaction initiated by a shock wave. Using manganese and zinc chalcogenides as an example, it is shown that such estimates
are close to experimental detonation velocities in these systems.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 108–110, March–April, 2007. 相似文献
9.
V. M. Mochalova A. V. Utkin V. A. Garanin S. I. Torunov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2009,45(3):320-325
A VISAR laser interferometer was used to measure mass velocity profiles in steady-state detonation waves in tetranitromethane
and its mixtures with methanol. In the experiments with tetranitromethane, the chemical-spike pressure was found to be 1.7
times higher than the Chapman-Jouguet pressure. In mixtures with nearly stoichiometric methanol concentrations, the detonation
front remained stable, but the chemical-spike amplitude increased suddenly and the shock broadened, probably due to the decomposition
of the explosive at the front. A 50% increase in methanol concentration led to instability of the detonation front manifested
in oscillations in the mass velocity profiles.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 95–100, May–June, 2009. 相似文献
10.
The reaction zones and the dependence of the velocity of steady-state detonation waves on the initial density of pressed TNETB
are studied using a VISAR interferometer. It is shown that, in the range of initial densities of TNETB 1.56–1.77 g/cm3, the propagation of a steady-state detonation wave is possible without the range of elevated pressures (chemical spike) in
the reaction zone predicted by the classical theory. The dependence of the detonation velocity on the initial density shows
singularities which indicate that a steady-state underdriven regime can occur in this range of initial densities. Based on
the well-known theoretical concepts of the hot-spot decomposition mechanism of heterogeneous explosives, it is shown that
the possibility of the existence of a steady-state detonation wave without a chemical spike, in particular, underdriven detonation,
and the effect of the internal structure of the charge on the detonation regime are explained by the decomposition of explosives
at the shock-wave front.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 97–103, November–December, 2007. 相似文献
11.
G. D. Kozak 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》1998,34(5):581-586
Results of experimental measurements are presented for the dependence of the detonation velocity on the charge diameter for
homogeneous nitromethane and propylene glycol dinitrate and for the ideal detonation velocities for allyl nitrate, diethlyene
glycol dinitrate, methylene glycol dinitrate, and ethyl nitrate. Literature data on measurement of the dependence of the detonation
velocity on the charge diameter for liquid TNT, nitroglycerin, glycol dinitrate, and methyl nitrate are collected. It is shown
that measured values of the ideal detonation velocity are in good agreement with calculated values obtained by the SD method,
which uses the equation of state of materials at a high pressure (see B. N. Kondrikov and A. I. Sumin, Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva,
No. 1, 1987). A correlation between the ratio of the critical detonation velocity to the ideal velocity and the heat of explosion
is obtained, which makes it possible to estimate the limiting value of the latter at which homogeneous liquid nitrocompounds
lose detonatability.
Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 111–117, September–October 1998. 相似文献
12.
S. A. Zhdan 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(6):690-697
A two-dimensional unsteady mathematical model of a continuous spinning detonation wave in a supersonic incoming flow in an
annular combustor is formulated. The wave dynamics in a combustor filled by a gaseous hydrogen-oxygen mixture is studied.
The possibility of continuous spin detonation with a supersonic flow velocity at the diffuser entrance is demonstrated numerically
for the first time; the structure of transverse detonation waves and the range of their existence depending on the Mach number
are studied.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 83–91, November–December, 2008. 相似文献
13.
A two-velocity two-temperature model of detonation of aluminum particles suspended in oxygen is employed to study the problem
of interaction of a plane detonation wave with an adjacent nonequilibrium rarefaction wave formed with instantaneous removal
of the sustaining piston. It is confirmed that the Chapman-Jouguet regimes and weak regimes with a supersonic (with respect
to the frozen sound velocity) final state are self-sustained. Stable propagation of the structure is shown for the weak regimes
with subsonic (with respect to the frozen sound velocity) and supersonic (with respect to the equilibrium sound velocity)
final states (which are unstable in a single-velocity approximation). Interaction of an overcompression wave with a rarefaction
wave for relaxation-parameter values that fall into the region of existence of Chapman-Jouguet regimes, results in entry into
a Chapman-Jouguet regime. A self-sustained regime of weak detonation that corresponds to the given relaxation parameters is
realized outside this region.
Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 95–102, September–October 1998. 相似文献
14.
A. M. Trubachev 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》1997,33(1):72-76
In astronomy there is a large amount of observational data on the phenomenon of sequential star formation from a single molecular
cloud. In this process, a cluster of stars of the same generation creates favorable conditions for the formation of stars
of the next generation. A star-forming wave whose velocity is estimated to be10–30 km/sec travels over a molecular cloud of interstellar gas. In the present paper, the self-sustained star-formation phenomenon is
claimed to have all features of a detonation process and the star-forming wave is treated as a detonation one. The velocities
of the detonation and star-forming waves are estimated to be (∼27 km/sec) and (∼13 km/sec), respectively.
Lavrent’ev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090. Translated from
Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 88–93, January–February, 1997 相似文献
15.
Continuous spin detonation of hydrogen-oxygen mixtures. 1. Annular cylindrical combustors 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
F. A. Bykovskii S. A. Zhdan E. F. Vedernikov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):150-162
A comprehensive numerical and experimental study of continuous spin detonation of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture in annular combustors
with the components supplied through injectors is performed. In an annular combustor 4 cm in diameter, burning of a hydrogen-oxygen
gas mixture in the regime of continuous spin detonation is obtained. The flow structure is considered for varied flow rates
of the components of the mixture and the combustor length and shape. The dynamics of the transverse detonation wave is numerically
studied in a two-dimensional unsteady statement of the problem with the geometric parameters of the combustors consistent
with experimental ones. A comparison with experiments reveals reasonable agreement in terms of the detonation velocity and
pressure in the combustor. The calculated size and shape of detonation fronts are substantially different from the experimental
data.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 32–45, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
16.
A published equation for determining the detonation parameters of mixed explosive compositions is used to compute the detonation
characteristics. When this equation was used to analyze the detonation parameters of 6ZhV ammonite, the detonation characteristics
of the TNT and ammonite in this composition were taken from published data and the parameters of the ammonium nitrate were
determined from the equation for the mixture. The results of large-scale experiments on a mixture of no more than 3% TNT with
ammonium nitrate are presented. The detonation velocity of ammonium nitrate is found to be 5 km/sec. The equation for the
mixture is used to determine the pressure and adiabatic exponent of the explosion products of ammonium nitrate when the size
of the explosion exceeds the limiting diameter.
Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 102–104, March–April 1999 相似文献
17.
Continuous spin detonation of hydrogen-oxygen mixtures. 2. Combustor with an expanding annular channel 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
F. A. Bykovskii S. A. Zhdan E. F. Vedernikov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(3):330-342
A comprehensive numerical and experimental study of continuous spin detonation of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture in an annular
combustor with the components supplied through injectors is performed. The hydrogen-oxygen mixture is burned in the regime
of continuous spin detonation in an annular combustor 4 cm in diameter with subsequent channel expansion. The flow structure
is considered for varied flow rates of the components of the mixture and the counterpressure of the ambient medium. The dynamics
of the transverse detonation wave is numerically studied in a two-dimensional unsteady gas-dynamic statement of the problem
with the geometric parameters of the combustor consistent with experimental ones. Reasonable agreement with experiments is
reached in terms of the shape of detonation fronts, detonation velocity, and height of the wave front. The optimal point of
channel expansion beginning is chosen, which ensures the maximum specific impulse in the spin detonation regime.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 95–108, May–June, 2008. 相似文献
18.
I. F. Kobylkin 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2006,42(2):223-226
This paper deals with the further development of the quantitative theory of critical detonation diameter that was earlier
proposed by the author. According to this theory, to calculate the critical diameter, it is necessary to know the shock adiabat,
detonation velocity, and the generalized kinetic characteristic of decomposition of a high-explosive (HE) charge under shock-wave
compression. It is suggested that the generalized kinetic characteristic of decomposition of a HE can be found from an experimental
dependence of the shock-wave amplitude on the distance the shock wave travels during shock-wave initiation of the HE charge.
This approach allows one to calculate the critical detonation diameters of HE charges with sufficient accuracy.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 112–115, March–April, 2006. 相似文献
19.
Density dependence of detonation velocity for some explosives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
V. V. Sil’vestrov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2006,42(4):472-479
The nonmonotonic dependence of the detonation velocity of a cylindrical charge on density for explosives of the 2nd type is
due to the effect of the finite charge diameter and is related to an increase in the width of the reaction zone with a reduction
in the porosity of the explosive.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 116–124, July–August, 2006. 相似文献
20.
A. A. Vasil’ev V. I. Zvegintsev D. G. Nalivaichenko 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2006,42(5):568-581
A supersonic hydrogen—air flow is studied in detail, in particular, the fields of gas-dynamic parameters and chemical homogeneity
of the mixture in various cross sections of the duct. The processes of excitation and propagation of a detonation wave in
the downstream and upstream directions are considered. The detonation-wave velocity with respect to the mixture flow is found
to differ from the nominal Chapman—Jouguet velocity for a quiescent mixture: the detonation-wave velocity is higher if the
wave moves upstream and lower if the wave moves downstream. Some hypotheses on the reasons for these deviations of the experimentally
measured velocity from the nominal value are given.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 85–100, September–October, 2006. 相似文献