基于边缘先验融合动态门控特征的人脸图像修复

为解决现有人脸图像修复算法因无法提取动态特征和缺乏边缘先验信息导致修复大区域不规则破损时纹理模糊和结构扭曲问题,提出了基于边缘先验融合动态门控特征的人脸图像修复算法。首先,设计动态门控卷积模块动态提取破损区域特征,关联已知区域和缺失区域的有效特征,提升纹理细腻度;然后,设计动态门控边缘增强网络和U型编码纹理修复网络,边缘增加网络旨在获取边缘轮廓信息,为U型编码纹理修复网络提供结构先验约束;U型编码纹理修复网络采用UNet++网络融合多层特征以保证人脸修复图像结构和纹理一致性;最后,通过消融实验证明UNet++网络的有效性和通用性,并剪枝U型网络以选取适宜的人脸图像模型表征层进行缺失区域纹理重建,在CelebA-HQ人脸数据集上进行实验评估。实验结果表明：相较于主流算法,所提方法在SSIM上平均提升3.87%,PSNR平均提升3.79 dB,FID平均下降16.54%,能有效修复大区域不规则缺失面积,生成纹理清晰、结构合理的图像。     

融合边缘检测和自注意力的图像修复方法

针对修复后图像边界模糊、图像纹理不清晰、视觉效果差的问题,提出了一种融合边缘检测和自注意力机制的生成式对抗修复模型.通过边缘检测可提取出图像的轮廓信息,避免了修复后边界模糊的问题;利用自注意力机制能够捕获图像全局信息并生成图像精确细节的能力,设计出融合自注意力机制的纹理修复网络.该模型由边缘补全网络和纹理修复网络组成,首先,设计的边缘补全网络对受损图像的边缘进行补全,得到边缘补全图像;其次,利用纹理修复网络联合补全的边缘图像对缺失区域的纹理进行精确修复.在CelebA和Place2两个图像数据集上对本文所建模型进行了训练和测试.实验结果表明:本文所建模型与现有图像修复方法相比,大幅提高了图像修复的精确度,且生成的图像更加逼真.     

基于生成对抗网络的图像修复算法

为解决当前基于生成对抗网络的深度学习网络模型在面对较复杂的特征时存在伪影、纹理细节退化等现象, 造成视觉上的欠缺问题, 提出了连贯语义注意力机制与生成对抗网络相结合的图像修复改进算法. 首先, 生成器使用两阶段修复方法, 用门控卷积替代生成对抗网络的普通卷积, 引入残差块解决梯度消失问题, 同时引入连贯语义注意力机制提升生成器对图像中重要信息和结构的关注度; 其次, 判别器使用马尔可夫判别器, 强化网络的判别效果, 将生成器输出结果进行反卷积操作得到最终修复后的图片. 通过修复结果以及图像质量评价指标与基线算法进行对比, 实验结果表明, 该算法对缺失部分进行了更好地预测, 修复效果有了更好的提升.     

基于三阶段生成网络的图像修复

基于深度学习的图像修复研究重点之一是色彩、边缘和纹理的生成,然而,已有研究对色彩、边缘和纹理生成方法还可优化.因此,文中提出三阶段生成网络,每个阶段分别侧重于对色彩、边缘和纹理的合成.具体而言,在HSV色彩生成阶段,可在HSV色彩域中重建图像的全局色彩,为修复过程提供色彩指导.在边缘优化阶段,设计边缘学习框架,可获取更准确的边缘信息.在纹理合成阶段,构建特征双向融合解码器,增强图像的纹理细节.上述三个阶段依次衔接,每个阶段均可提升图像修复性能.大量实验表明文中网络性能较优.     

基于语义先验和双通道特征提取的图像修复

针对现有的图像修复算法重建结果存在的局部结构不连通、细节还原不准确等问题,提出了一种基于语义先验和双通道特征提取的图像修复算法（semantic prior and dual channel extraction,SPDCE）。该算法利用语义先验网络学习缺失区域的语义信息和上下文知识,对缺失区域进行预测,增强了生成图像的局部一致性;然后通过双通道特征提取网络充分挖掘图像信息,提升了对纹理细节的感知和利用能力;再使用上下文特征调整模块在多个尺度上捕获并编码丰富的语义特征,从而生成更真实的图像视图和更精细的纹理细节。在CelebA-HQ和Places2数据集上进行实验验证,结果表明,SPDCE算法与常用算法相比,峰值信号比（peak signal-to-noise ratio,PSNR）和结构相似性（structural similarity,SSIM）分别提升1.6~1.73 dB和3.1%~9.9%,L1 loss下降15.2%~27.8%。实验证明所提算法修复后的图像具有更合理的结构和更丰富的细节,图像修复效果更优。     

基于多特征融合的多尺度生成对抗网络图像修复算法

针对多尺度生成式对抗网络图像修复算法（MGANII）在修复图像过程中训练不稳定、修复图像的结构一致性差以及细节和纹理不足等问题,提出了一种基于多特征融合的多尺度生成对抗网络的图像修复算法。首先,针对结构一致性差以及细节和纹理不足的问题,在传统的生成器中引入多特征融合模块（MFFM）,并且引入了一个基于感知的特征重构损失函数来提高扩张卷积网络的特征提取能力,从而改善修复图像的细节性和纹理特征;然后,在局部判别器中引入了一个基于感知的特征匹配损失函数来提升判别器的鉴别能力,从而增强了修复图像的结构一致性;最后,在对抗损失函数中引入风险惩罚项来满足利普希茨连续条件,使得网络在训练过程中能快速稳定地收敛。在CelebA数据集上,所提的多特征融合的图像修复算法与MANGII相比能快速收敛,同时所提算法所修复图像的峰值信噪比（PSNR）、结构相似性（SSIM）比基线算法所修复图像分别提高了0.45%～8.67%和0.88%～8.06%,而Frechet Inception距离得分（FID）比基线算法所修复图像降低了36.01%～46.97%。实验结果表明,所提算法的修复性能优于基线算法。     

基于边缘与注意力跨层转移的图像修复模型

针对现有基于深度学习的图像修复算法在处理大面积不规则缺损图像时出现局部结构不连通与模糊的问题，提出一种基于边缘和注意力跨层转移的二阶生成式图像修复模型。该模型由边缘修复网络和图像修补网络构成，边缘修复网络在自编码器的基础上结合扩张卷积对缺损图像的边缘二值图进行修复，并将边缘修复图作为先验条件与缺损图像一起输入到图像修补网络，在图像修补网络中，给出注意力跨层转移网络对各尺度编码特征由深到浅进行重构，并将重构特征图跳跃连接至解码层与对应潜在特征融合进行解码，提高各级解码层输出的上下文一致性，减少结构信息和语义特征丢失，最终得到修复图像。在Celeba、Facade、Places2这3个数据集上的实验结果表明，与当前主流算法相比，该方法平均L1损失降低了1.044%～3.801%，峰值信噪比和结构相似性分别提升了1.435～4.486 dB和1.789%～8.755%，不仅能够生成整体语义合理的内容，而且在局部结构连通性和纹理合成方面更符合人眼视觉感受。     

基于多尺度特征融合的人脸图像修复方法

传统图像修复方法在修复受损区域较大的图像时会出现修复结果过于平滑或模糊的现象,并且较难重建合理的人脸图像结构。在传统生成对抗网络的鉴别器中引入多尺度特征融合方法,将不同深度的特征图经过上采样后直接相加,使浅层信息和深层信息有效结合。通过借助高层特征把握图像的整体规律,同时利用低层特征填充人脸图像的细节纹理,进而使一张图像的分辨率及其语义特征相互融合,实现有效的人脸图像修复。在CelebA数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法的峰值信噪比、相似性结构、L1损失指标均优于区域归一化方法,取得了较好的视觉效果。     

基于并行对抗与多条件融合的生成式高分辨率图像修复

现有的图像修复算法经常会有伪影、语义不准等问题出现,对于缺失较大、分辨率较高的图像,修复效果有限.为此,文中提出基于并行对抗与多条件融合的二阶图像修复网络.首先,利用改进的深度残差网络对缺失图像进行生成式像素填充,并利用第一阶对抗网络补全边缘.然后,提取填充图颜色特征,融合补全边缘图,将融合图作为第二阶对抗网络的条件标签.最后,通过带上下文注意力模块的第二阶网络得到修复结果.在多个数据集上的实验表明,文中算法可获得较逼真的修复效果.     

基于多尺度特征融合生成对抗网络的水下图像增强

针对水下退化图像细节模糊、对比度低和蓝绿色偏问题,提出了一种基于多尺度特征融合生成对抗网络的水下图像增强算法。算法以生成对抗网络为基本框架,结合传统白平衡算法和多尺度增强网络实现对水下退化图像的增强。通过改进的通道补偿白平衡算法矫正蓝绿色偏,并以卷积神经网络提取偏色校正后图像的特征;提取图像多尺度特征,结合提出的残差密集块将每一层的局部特征增强为捕获语义信息的全局特征,并与偏色校正图像的特征相融合;通过重建模块将融合特征重建为清晰图像,恢复图像的细节信息。实验结果表明,该算法增强的水下图像去雾效果较好且颜色更真实,有效改善了水下图像色偏和模糊的问题,在主观指标和客观指标上的实验结果均优于对比算法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.