密胺餐具的鉴别及其三聚氰胺和甲醛迁移风险调查

目的对密胺餐具中三聚氰胺和甲醛迁移量进行调查研究,并对数据进行分析。方法在上海的企业和消费市场采集密胺餐具共40份,采用红外光谱法进行材料鉴别,依照GB 4806.7—2016《食品安全国家标准食品接触用塑料材料及制品》和GB 31604.1—2015《食品安全国家标准食品接触材料及制品迁移试验通则》进行迁移试验,测定三聚氰胺和甲醛迁移量。结果密胺餐具存在材质未标识、标识不清或标识有误的现象;脲醛树脂中三聚氰胺和甲醛的迁移量均高于密胺树脂,且迁出量与温度呈正相关。结论脲醛树脂应用于餐具存在风险,国家标准中有必要增加密胺材质鉴定检测方法。     

市售密胺餐具的安全性研究

目的 测定和分析市售密胺餐具的感官、甲醛迁移量和三聚氰胺迁移量, 评估市售密胺餐具的安全性。方法 采集了市场在售的30批次密胺餐具, 依据GB 4806.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品接触用塑料树脂》对其感官、甲醛和三聚氰胺的迁移量进行了测定和分析。对样品进行均匀性检验, 采用单因素方差分析对结果进行统计分析。结果 23.3%的样品感官出现异常; 33.3%的样品甲醛迁移量超标; 46.7%的样品出现三聚氰胺迁移; 随着浸泡液温度的升高, 无论是甲醛还是三聚氰胺, 其迁移量都有不同程度的增加; 售价较低的样品出现问题率更高。结论 目前市场上密胺餐具的质量令人担忧, 不同价格与不同来源的餐具质量存在较大差异。消费者应选择外表光滑、平整的餐具, 同时尽量不要在高温或酸性条件下使用密胺餐具。     

网购密胺餐具的质量分析

目的 测定和分析网购密胺餐具的材质、高锰酸钾消耗量和脱色,研究迁移温度对甲醛迁移量的影响,评估网购密胺餐具的质量。方法 采集网上在售的18批次密胺餐具,通过衰变全反射（Attenuated Total Reflection） 红外法分析密胺餐具和脲醛餐具的特征吸收峰,快速区别密胺餐具和脲醛餐具。依据GB 4806.7-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品接触用塑料材料及制品》对密胺餐具高锰酸钾消耗量、脱色进行了测定和分析。依据GB 4806.6-2016 《食品安全国家标准 食品接触用塑料树脂》对密胺餐具的甲醛迁移量进行测定和分析。结果 脲醛餐具占样品总数44.4%,覆盖密胺涂层的脲醛餐具占样品总数33.3%;11.1%的样品高锰酸钾消耗量不合格;11.1%的样品4%乙酸浸泡液脱色不合格;11.1%的样品甲醛迁移量不合格（4%乙酸,70℃,2h）。结论 本次网上购买的密胺餐具高锰酸钾消耗量、脱色存在不符合GB 4806.7-2016的现象;甲醛迁移量不符合GB 4806.6-2016标准的现象,存在用脲醛餐具替代密胺餐具或是在脲醛餐具上覆盖密胺涂层以次充好的现象。     

密胺餐具中三聚氰胺迁移量影响因素分析

目的 对密胺餐具中三聚氰胺迁移量影响因素进行分析。方法 以水、4%乙酸、50%乙醇3种溶剂为浸泡液, 在不同温度下浸泡不同时间, 其浸泡液过滤并用高效液相色谱-质谱法测定, 外标法定量。结果 密胺餐具中三聚氰胺的迁移量和迁移时间、迁移温度、迁移浸泡液相关。三聚氰胺的迁移量随着迁移时间增加、迁移温度升高而升高, 且在酸性模拟溶液中三聚氰胺的迁移量最大。浸泡液为4%乙酸时, 在100 ℃下浸泡1 h时, 三聚氰胺迁移量达到最大值, 密胺碗、饭勺、筷子的迁移量分别为1.94、1.35、1.61 mg/kg。结论 密胺餐具中的三聚氰胺在高温、酸性条件下易迁移, 建议消费者在使用过程中尽量避免在高温、酸性条件下使用, 选择大品牌的厂家生产的有QS标示的产品。     

蜜胺餐具中三聚氰胺单体的迁移规律研究

结合蜜胺餐具的实际使用情况,选用合适的食品模拟物进行迁移实验,采用LC-MS/MS法测定三聚氰胺迁移量,研究蜜胺餐具中三聚氰胺单体的迁移规律。重点考察了食品模拟物种类、接触时间、接触温度、乙酸浓度、乙醇浓度、重复使用和微波加热等迁移条件下蜜胺餐具中三聚氰胺迁移量的变化情况。结果表明酸性食品和牛奶中的三聚氰胺迁移风险较高,且需控制蜜胺餐具的使用温度、盛放时间、重复使用次数及微波加热功率和时间以降低密胺餐具中三聚氰胺迁移风险。     

学校食堂在用密胺和不锈钢餐具检测及风险分析

目的 通过对学校食堂在用密胺和不锈钢餐具进行检测分析,并参照相关国际标准与国家标准对检测结果进行分析,以评估学校食堂在用密胺和不锈钢餐具的风险状况,为建立风险防范措施及优化现行标准提供理论依据。方法 本次检测通过对密胺餐具中甲醛迁移量、三聚氰胺迁移量;对不锈钢餐具中铅迁移量、砷迁移量、镉迁移量和镍迁移量六项指标,对食堂抽取的100批次密胺在用餐具和100批次不锈钢在用餐具样品进行风险分析。结果 本次研究共发现在用问题餐具共72批次,占比36.0%。其中在用问题密胺餐具55批次,占密胺餐具总量的55.0%;问题不锈钢餐具17批次,占不锈钢餐具总量的17.0%。密胺餐具不合格项目主要为甲醛和三聚氰胺(4%乙酸,水)的迁移量超标,不锈钢餐具不合格项目主要为铅、镉元素的迁移量超标。结论 食堂应制定密胺餐具相应的使用管理规范,设定密胺餐具的使用年限为1年以内,同时规范餐具的消毒、清洗等操作,从而有效地降低甲醛和三聚氰胺的迁移风险;应加强不锈钢餐具原料供应链管理,从源头降低风险。     

科学解读密胺塑料餐具的安全性

正轻巧、美观、不易碎的密胺餐具正在被越来越多地使用,很多家长会买来给孩子用。但有机构表示这种餐具盛放过热、过酸等食品后会释放甲醛,危害身体健康。这是真的吗?近期,江苏省质监局发布密胺塑料餐具产品抽查分析报告,总体合格率为76.1%,约1/4的餐具不合格。其中,有餐具甲醛超标,部分餐具甚至检出三聚氰胺。此次抽查中发现的不合格项目涉及耐污染性、总迁移量、高锰酸钾消耗量、脱色试验、特     

食品接触产品中三聚氰胺的安全风险评估

以1~3岁儿童为目标人群,对食品接触材料密胺餐具中的三聚氰胺进行安全风险评估。评估过程中,研究了食品模拟物种类、乙酸浓度、迁移温度、迁移时间、重复使用次数、微波加热的时间和功率等因素的影响下,密胺餐具中三聚氰胺迁移量及1~3岁儿童每日摄入三聚氰胺量的变化规律;同时将三聚氰胺的每日摄入量与世界卫生组织规定的TDI[0.2 mg/(kg bw)]相比较,对1~3岁儿童摄入盛装在不同使用条件下密胺餐具中的三聚氰胺进行安全风险评估,并作出相应的建议。     

仿瓷餐具中两种聚合起始物迁移量的关联研究

目的 了解我国仿瓷餐具中三聚氰胺和甲醛迁移情况以及两者迁移是否存在关联,为以后进行危险性评估奠定基础.方法 采用分光光度法测定模拟物中甲醛的迁移量,高效液相色谱法测定模拟物中三聚氰胺的迁移量,迁移实验条件为90℃,30 min,模拟溶剂为3％乙酸.结果 41个样品中,有28个样品检出三聚氰胺,其中最大值为0.85 mg/dm2,最大迁移量约为欧盟限量标准的17.0％,所有样品的三聚氰胺迁移量均未超过欧盟的限量值;41个样品中,全部检出甲醛,其中最大迁移量为270.56 mg/dm2,约为欧盟限量标准的108.2倍,有22个样品超过欧盟的特定迁移量规定,超标率达53.66％;41个样品中有27个样品甲醛与三聚氰胺的迁移量的比值大于6,最大比值为10 033.0,是文献中所提供最大比值6的2 090.2倍.结论 仿瓷餐具中甲醛的迁移值异常高而三聚氰胺的迁移量为未检出时,其不为三聚氰胺-甲醛(密胺)餐具的可能性极大.目前市售的仿瓷餐具的安全性值得进一步的关注.     

食品包装用三聚氰胺成型品中甲醛迁移规律的研究

目的研究食品包装三聚氰胺成型品中甲醛迁移规律。方法采用盐酸苯肼分光光度法测定60、75和90℃三个模拟温度下甲醛从食品包装用三聚氰胺成型品中迁移至3%乙酸、15%乙醇两种模拟溶剂中的量。根据所得的实验数据,讨论了不同温度和不同食品模拟物的选择对甲醛迁移行为的影响,以及样本重复10次进行迁移实验时甲醛迁移量的变化规律。结果3%醋酸作为模拟溶剂的甲醛迁移量较15%乙醇作为模拟溶剂的高,且其迁移量随着模拟温度的升高而增多;3个温度下,2种模拟溶剂中单次迁移实验的甲醛迁移量均未超过我国国家标准的限量值和欧盟规定对其规定的特定迁移量(SML)2.5 mg.dm-2,而以3%醋酸作为模拟溶剂的甲醛的10次迁移实验的总量均超过欧盟对甲醛的特定迁移量。结论食品包装用三聚氰胺成型品不宜在酸性和高温条件下使用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the