基于构件的柔性Web用户界面模型*

针对Web应用系统中应用环境和用户需求易于变化的问题,将柔性软件思想与Web界面的设计结合起来,提出了一个具有动态重配置能力的基于构件的柔性Web用户界面模型。该模型把描述构件显示样式的模板和适应业务数据结构变化的构件规则分别存储到XML文档和关系数据库中,从而解决了Web用户界面的适应性和重用性问题。最后,通过一个具有表格数据显示功能的柔性Web用户界面来说明模型的有效性和可用性。     

pyOpt: a Python-based object-oriented framework for nonlinear constrained optimization

We present pyOpt, an object-oriented framework for formulating and solving nonlinear constrained optimization problems in an efficient, reusable and portable manner. The framework uses object-oriented concepts, such as class inheritance and operator overloading, to maintain a distinct separation between the problem formulation and the optimization approach used to solve the problem. This creates a common interface in a flexible environment where both practitioners and developers alike can solve their optimization problems or develop and benchmark their own optimization algorithms. The framework is developed in the Python programming language, which allows for easy integration of optimization software programmed in Fortran, C, C+ +, and other languages. A variety of optimization algorithms are integrated in pyOpt and are accessible through the common interface. We solve a number of problems of increasing complexity to demonstrate how a given problem is formulated using this framework, and how the framework can be used to benchmark the various optimization algorithms.     

基于 SDN 的密集小蜂窝网络中可伸缩视频传输优化

为了优化多媒体数据在无线网络中的传输,该文将密集型小蜂窝网络、软件定义网络以及可 伸缩视频编码技术相结合,设计了一个完整的多媒体视频传输系统。其中,通过密集型小蜂窝网络基站间的协作,提高无线频谱利用率;通过自适应码率调节技术,为不同用户提供差分服务。该文以最大化用户体验质量为目标,联合决策用户视频质量和无线资源分配。采用李雅普诺夫优化理论,将原问题转化为两个独立的子问题分别进行求解,并给出了仅依赖当前观测信息的低复杂度算法。实验结果显示,该文所提出的算法在动态环境下能够做出较好响应,并且可以实现更高的用户体验。     

基于激光雷达的机器人改进人工势场路径规划研究

人工势场法路径规划需要建立在已知环境下障碍物分布位置的基础之上,而激光雷达传感器可以用于未知环境下障碍物分布位置的探测和获取,因此可以将两者结合,从而解决移动机器人未知环境下路径规划问题。该课题建立在人工势场法理论基础之上,在Matlab中构建路径规划仿真图形用户界面,利用机载激光雷达传感器探测获取障碍物的位置分布信息,通过串口将数据传输至Matlab软件中并显示。在Matlab软件下编写人工势场路径规划的实现算法,进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,传统人工势场法路径规划存在的两个问题,分析原因后给出一种改进的人工势场法,并在之前的图形用户界面下继续进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明：改进的人工势场法有效地实现了路径优化的目标。     

GLANUSIT: A software toolbox for the numerical simulation of large ice masses evolution

The here presented GLAciology NUmerical SImulation Toolbox (GLANUSIT) is a software application which provides a user friendly environment for the numerical simulation of large ice masses evolution. The graphical user interface has been developed in MATLAB while the core of GLANUSIT contains the original FORTRAN codes, which develop the specific numerical methods for the solution of the complex shallow ice model. This highly nonlinear model governs the coupled thermodynamical and hydrodynamical processes. The global algorithm mainly consists on a fixed point iteration between the different subproblems. The numerical solution of each subproblem requires specific techniques, which are not common in present software packages, as for example the part of moving boundaries solvers included in the code. Finally, a practical case study with real data is presented.     

An Integrated Software Environment For Powertrain Feasibility Assessment Using Optimization And Optimal Control

With the increase in automotive powertrain complexity, an upfront assessment of powertrain capability in meeting its design targets is important early on in the development programs. The optimization of control policy based on powertrain simulation models can facilitate this assessment and establish limits of achievable performance for a given powertrain configuration and parameters. The paper discusses several computational optimization and user interface solutions for deploying a numerical optimal control approach in a user‐friendly software environment.     

面向数据库的化工软件集成环境的设计

对于化工领域,用户若能够在一个软件集成环境上对现有的化工软件进行集成,则可以很大程度上节省用户软件二次开发或掌握集成技术所耗费的人力物力。本文试图研究开发一种化工软件集成的环境。利用Windows自身的特点,以及其管理应用程序的一般方法,设计了化工软件的集成环境。该集成环境由界面集成模块、代码集成模块、数据集成模块和数据库管理子系统4个模块组成,对于4个模块分别给出了界面集成策略、代码集成策略、数据集成策略、数据库和数据库管理子系统的建立策略。     

基于分步小波变换的对流层电波传播特性和分析软件

为满足对流层无线通信系统设计和优化的需要，基于抛物型波动方程和分步小波变换，研究了对流层电波传播特性，开发了电波传播特性分析软件。首先，通过建立数值求解的计算场景，给出了一种基于分步小波变换的对流层电波传播特性分析方法；其次，基于提出的分析方法和Matlab，开发了对流层电波传播特性分析软件。数值计算表明，提出的分步小波变换方法收敛性比分步傅里叶变换方法好；对流层传播损耗与天线高度和仰角密切相关，天线仰角越小传播损耗也越小，天线高度越大传播损耗越小；蒸发波导环境下的传播损耗比标准大气环境下的传播损耗要小。此外，开发的分析软件图形用户界面友好，操作简单、灵活。     

一种支持模型驱动开发的Web用户界面建模方法

针对Web应用的特点,提出了一种基于XML和界面模板技术的界面建模方法。该方法以图形化的方式在模型层展示了Web用户界面的直观样式,能够对模型驱动的软件开发提供有力的支持。     

Component-based tailorability: Enabling highly flexible software applications

Component technologies are perceived as an important means to keep software architectures flexible. Flexibility offered by component technologies typically addresses software developers at design time. However, the design of software which should support social systems, such as work groups or communities, also demands ‘use-time’, or technically spoken, ‘run-time’ flexibility. In this paper, we summarize a decade of research efforts on component-based approaches to flexibilize groupware applications at run-time. We address the user as a ‘casual programmer’ who develops and individualizes software for his work context. To deal with the challenges of run-time flexibility, we developed a design approach which covers three levels: software architecture, user interface, and collaboration support. With regard to the software architecture, a component model, called FlexiBeans, has been developed. The FreEvolve platform serves as an environment in which component-based applications can be tailored at run-time. Additionally, we have developed three different types of graphical user interfaces, enabling users to tailor their applications by recomposing components. To enable collaborative tailoring activities, we have integrated functions that allow sharing component structures among users. We also present different types of support techniques which are integrated into the user interface in order to enable users’ individual and collaborative tailoring activities. We conclude by elaborating on the notion of ‘software infrastructure’ which offers a holistic approach to support design activities of professional and non-professional programmers.     

Software environment architectures and user interface facilities

The authors discuss the demands and constraints on a user interface management system for a software environment, and the relation between the architecture of the environment and the user interface management system. A model for designing user interface management systems for large extensible environments is presented. This model synthesizes several recent advances in user interfaces and specializes them to the domain of software environments. The model can be applied to a wide variety of environment contexts. A prototype implementation is described     

Novell网络应用程序接口技术

简述了在网络环境下开发应用程序所存在的问题，提出设计一个介于用户和网络层之间的Ｎｏｖｅｌ网络应用程序接口软件包（ＡＰＩＳＰ）的新方法，并用ＢｏｒｌａｎｄＣ＋＋开发了ＡＰＩＳＰ，该软件包向用户提供Ｎｏｖｅｌ网络环境下标准的库函数。较好地解决了一般软件工程人员难于开发网络应用程序这一问题，且能用于其它类型的网络方面。     

基于C共享库的MATLAB与Visual C#混合编程

MATLAB具有很强的数值计算能力,而Visual C#具有强大的图形用户界面的开发能力,两者的互补结合可以快速和高效地开发专业计算软件。为此,以实例的方式展示了由MATLAB生成C共享库,并在Visual C#中调用此C共享库来实现两者之间的混合编程。另外,对在Visual C#中调用C共享库时的一些需要注意的问题进行了讨论,并给出了外部程序调用由MATLAB生成的C共享库的一般步骤。实例证明通过C共享库来实现MATLAB与Visual C#混合编程的方法是行之有效的。     

提高软件图形用户接口设计品质的一种途径

文章针对目前国内软件企业在开发中存在的用户接口(人机界面)设计上的问题,提出了提高软件图形用户接口设计品质的一种途径。并根据作者以往的工作,提出了用户接口设计的一般原则以及一些注意事项。     

An integrated architecture for simulation

‘The explosion in computer performance allows average engineers to use simulation as part of the design process’ and enables them ‘to search all possible design alternatives, and find the one that best meets the overall design criteria’ by performing hundreds of simulations rather than just one or two. Yet, ‘the advanced analysts resist the effort, concerned that it would be hard to get the correct answers.’ An integrated architecture for simulation is proposed in this paper, which reduces the effort required for finding of the correct answers through integration of the simulation package with data-management (DM) software. The integrated architecture is based on three elements: input/output (I/O) handling, autonomous operation and control. I/O handling is provided by an add-on interface constructed in the DM tool, taking advantage of the fact that simulation software tools are increasingly able to exchange information with other software tools in an integrated way. All user interaction with the simulation can be done via this interface—input data entry, triggering the execution of simulation runs, and analyses of the results, which are automatically transferred by the simulation and recorded in the DM tool. Autonomous operation allows the execution of batch of simulation runs in the background leaving the user free to engage in other activities. Control, beyond providing the means for autonomous operation, enables the inclusion of simulation within larger context such as simulation–optimization schemes. Consequently, the integrated architecture allows simulation to be ‘routinely applied as a powerful, flexible and general purpose engine for optimization from the initial concept across the full product life cycle’.     

Java, the Web, and software development

The author discusses how the World Wide Web and Java mark the death of fatware and the birth of dynamic computing built on rented components. The real paradigm shift will be the replacement of purchased software packages with transaction-oriented rental of Java applets attached to Web pages. In the move to a full-scale Internet based application development environment, developers are grappling with seven key issues: how to integrate e-mail, FTP, and HTML; the absolute need for security; the dearth of high-end visual tools; configuration management and version control; support for a flexible, sophisticated user interface; a common development environment; and performance, which has several components. Each of these issues are discussed by the author     

SCPIP – an efficient software tool for the solution of structural optimization problems

This paper describes SCPIP, a FORTRAN77 subroutine that has been proven to be a reliable implementation of convex programming methods in an industrial environment. Convex approximation methods like the method of moving asymptotes are used nowadays in many software packages for structural optimization. They are known to be efficient tools for the solution of design problems, in particular if displacement dependent constraints like stresses occur. A major advantage over many but not all classical approaches of mathematical programming is that at an iteration point a local model is formulated. For the solution of such a model no further function and gradient evaluations are necessary besides those at the current iteration point. The first versions of convex approximation methods used all a dual approach to solve the subproblems which is still a very efficient algorithm to solve problems with at most a medium number of constraints. But it is not efficient for problems with many constraints. An alternative is the use of an interior point method for the subproblem solution. This leads to more freedom in the definition of the linear systems where most of the computing time to solve the subproblems is spent. In consequence, large-scale problems can be handled more efficiently.     

VB调用Matlab的COM组件实现二者混合编程

Matlab具有强大的计算和图形处理能力,VB具有良好的用户界面,将二者有机结合,可开发出功能强大的软件。介绍了常见的五种方法。为了使开发的VB程序脱离Matlab环境,详细介绍了一种基于组件对象模型（COM）的Matlab与VB混合编程方法,以COM Builder为转换工具,将Matlab函数文件转换为COM组件,在VB程序中调用这个组件。并通过温室热环境模拟可视化模型的实现说明此方法。     

一种基于内置合约检查和可配置接口的软构件测试技术*

从构件使用者和开发者的角度分析构件及构件化软件的测试,利用B. Meyer的合约化软件设计思想作为构件测试的理论基础,并在其上面进行了扩展与改进,提出了一种基于内置合约检查和可配置接口的构件测试技术。该方法的优点是：当构件被部署到新的系统环境中时,能够自动测试其服务端是否遵守彼此之间合约,并验证自身在运行阶段履行其所声明的义务的能力;利用可配置接口,可以根据所部署环境和特定系统的需求,动态地选择测试强度;当构件集成出现问题时,能够从抛出的异常信息定位到出错的位置。