GD钢下贝氏体相变研究

利用ＴＥＭ研究了ＧＤ钢下贝氏体的组织形态，并探讨了贝氏体的相变机制。ＧＤ钢中下贝氏体是由一束贝氏体铁素体片条组成的，而每一片条又是由多个贝氏体相变基元组成，下贝氏体中普遍存在中脊。ＧＤ钢中存在一种类马氏体形貌贝氏体，研究表明，下贝氏体相变过程中必定存在切变。     

中碳低合金铸钢贝氏体中脊特征研究

利用光学显微镜，ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ研究了中碳低合金铸钢态下具有中脊的贝氏体形态和中脊特征，并探讨了带中脊贝氏体的相变机制，研究表明，中脊存在于不同形态的贝氏体中；中脊先天贝氏体铁素体基体核与长大，是与基体贝氏体衬度不同的单相氏体铁素体，类似片状马氏切变形核与长大，第一片贝氏体中脊可贯穿整个晶粒。     

含硅钢中的贝氏体中脊

用透射电镜详细地研究了60Si2Mn和9SiCr两种含硅钢的中温贝氏体相变,观察到在360℃以下等温形成的贝氏体片中普遍地存在中脊。研究结果表明,中脊实质上是无碳化物的贝氏体铁素体。中脊附近的贝氏体铁素体和母相奥氏体之间呈西山关系。作者认为中脊是贝氏休铁素体的切变核。     

Cu-Zn-Al合金中贝氏体相变的机制及应用

对以往Cu-Zn-Al合金贝氏体相变机制的工作加以评述。相变驱动力计算的结果表明,Cu-Zn-Al合金中贝氏体相变在热力学上不可能按切变机制发生,只能以扩散过程:B′→B_1′+α进行;形成无序的贝氏体可能有序化。综合贝氏体相变热力学、晶体学、动力学、成分变化和内耗研究以及贝氏体的有序性,提出Cu-Zn-Al合金中贝氏体由扩散机制形成,虽然其晶体学在表面上符合马氏体相变晶体学的表象理论。简介Cu-Zn-Al贝氏体相变中出现可供工业应用的逆形状记忆效应。     

奥氏体变形对贝氏体相变表面浮凸影响的动态观察

利用HM—100型高温金相显微镜对12Cr2MoWVTiB钢进行了热变形奥氏体组织的演变和连续冷却的动态观察，发现了一些新现象。用多滑移系转换的模型解释了表面浮凸受阻的现象。研究表明，贝氏体相变导致的表面浮凸具有切变性质。奥氏体变形能够促进贝氏体形核，并可抑制贝氏体的生长．从而能使贝氏体组织细化。这可能又是一个提高贝氏体钢性能的重要途径。     

奥氏体变形对贝氏体相交表面浮凸影响的动态观察

利用HM—100型高温金相显微镜对12Cr2MoWVTiB钢进行了热变形奥氏体组织的演变和连续冷却的动态观察,发现了一些新现象。用多滑移系转换的模型解释了表面浮凸受阻的现象。研究表明,贝氏体相变导致的表面浮凸具有切变性质。奥氏体变形能够促进贝氏体形核,并可抑制贝氏体的生长,从而能使贝氏体组织细化。这可能又是一个提高贝氏体钢性能的重要途径。     

卷取温度对Ti-Nb微合金钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

利用试验轧机和热处理炉进行了低碳Ti-Nb微合金钢的模拟轧制和卷取试验，研究卷取温度对微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着卷取温度的降低，钢的相变过程逐步由扩散型相变过渡到切变型相变，微观组织由等轴铁素体依次转变为多边形铁素体、粒状贝氏体、板条贝氏体；由于析出强化和相变强化的综合作用，卷取态试验钢强度先降低后升高，延伸率持续降低；卷取过程微合金碳氮化物的析出强化导致卷取态试验钢强度高于空冷态试验钢，且随着卷取温度的降低，卷取态试验钢较空冷态试验钢强度的增量逐步降低；Ti-Nb微合金钢的卷取温度设定在560～630℃时，钢屈服强度744～754 MPa，延伸率19%～20.9%，可获得良好的综合性能。     

奥氏体化温度对高碳含硅钢等温转变的影响

 采用XRD物相分析、金相组织观察及TEM精细组织分析研究了奥氏体组织结构状态对Fe-0.88C-1.35Si-1.03Cr-0.43Mn 钢中温等温相变鼻温和孕育期的影响,以及不同温度奥氏体化后240 ℃等温20 min试样的组织结构特征。试验发现,随着奥氏体化温度的升高,中温等温开始转变的鼻温移向更低温度并且相变孕育期缩短;不同温度奥氏体化后同为240 ℃等温20 min处理,虽然均形成由贝氏体铁素体亚条平行排列构成的束状贝氏体组织,但贝氏体组织的精细结构状态不同,突出的差别在于对应低温奥氏体化贝氏体亚条端部边界具有凸起结构,而对应高温奥氏体化贝氏体亚条端部边界较为平齐且呈现楔形结构。不能简单地以马氏体切变机制认识试验钢中贝氏体组织的形成。     

10MnMoNiNb钢形变奥氏体连续冷却相变规律和显微组织

在Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ１５００热模拟机上,利用热膨胀法建立了１０ＭｎＭｏＮｉＮｂ钢在８００℃变形５０％后的连续冷却相变曲线（动态ＣＣＴ曲线）,并采用光学金相和ＴＥＭ方法分析了在不同冷速条件下,形变奥氏体的相变产物。结果表明,钢的相变组织主要由冷速决定,快冷显著抑制先共析铁素体相变,中温相变产物为贝氏体组织,其中贝氏体铁素体为针状铁素体和粒状铁素体,均含有较高密度的位错和Ｍ／Ａ岛状组织,并且在中温转变时无明显的碳化物生成。     

V-N微合金钢在低温区动态析出行为

低碳钢由于碳含量较低,可以减轻碳对钢韧性的不利影响。低碳钢通过控轧控冷工艺得到含高位错密度的贝氏体组织,可以实现相变强化。但单纯依靠一种强化手段其强化效果有限。为进一步提升性能,希望在贝氏体相变强化基础上,引入析出强化机制。通过热模拟试验,结合透射电镜观察,研究了高N含钒微合金钢在贝氏体区的析出行为,得出了不同温度、不同时间下析出体积分数的具体数值、强化贡献量及最佳析出温度,为V-N贝氏体钢开发提供有价值的参考。     

低于Ms温度变形对等温贝氏体相变动力学和组织的影响

摘要：变形和等温热处理是高强贝氏体钢主要生产工艺,已有研究表明低于马氏体相变起始温度（Ms）的等温热处理可以促进贝氏体相变动力学,低温奥氏体预变形也可以加速贝氏体相变。研究了低于Ms温度变形对后续等温贝氏体相变动力学和组织的影响,结果表明,并未出现预想的加速相变叠加效应,反而,变形温度低于Ms温度时,贝氏体相变动力学减弱,等温贝氏体相变孕育期延长。低于Ms温度等温相变时,贝氏体铁素体与母相奥氏体位向关系接近K-S关系,变形试样虽然获得了一部分先马氏体,且能提高贝氏体形核率,但并非所有的胚核都能发生长大,变形改变母相奥氏体取向,使贝氏体原本的位向关系遭受破坏,导致有效形核率降低。     

Effect of ausforming on isothermal bainitic transformation and microstructure

Deformation affects the microstructure and morphology of the parent austenite, which affects the subsequent bainite transformation. The effects of ausforming on bainite transformation and microstructure were investigated by means of thermal simulation experiment, TEM and SEM etc. Different deformation temperatures and deformation strains were designed. The amount of bainitic transformation during isothermal holding and the volume fraction of retained austenite at room temperature were analyzed. The results show that the isothermal bainitic transformation is promoted by the deformation at 300?? and 400??. Moreover, the lower deformation temperature leads to larger amount of bainite. In addition, the volume fraction of retained austenite increases with the increase of the deformation strain, and more retained austenite can be obtained by decrease the deformation temperature. It indicates that deformation at lower temperature contributes to the mechanical stabilization of austenite.     

硅含量对低碳贝氏体相变动力学和性能的影响

摘要：设计了3种不同Si含量的低碳贝氏体钢,进行了不同温度下等温淬火热处理热模拟实验、X-射线衍射和拉伸实验等,研究Si含量对贝氏体相变动力学和贝氏体钢性能的影响。结果表明,随Si含量增加,贝氏体相变量降低,动力学方程参数b减小,n增大。另外,随贝氏体相变温度增加,参数b减小,n增大。而且在较低相变温度下,因Si含量不同造成参数b和n的值的差异更大,说明低温下Si含量对贝氏体相变动力学的影响更大。此外,Si含量越低,因相变温度不同造成贝氏体相变孕育期和完成时间的差异逐渐增大,表明随Si含量的增加,Si对贝氏体相变动力学的影响降低。最后,随着Si含量的增加,试样抗拉强度和伸长率均逐渐增加。研究结果为优化低碳贝氏体钢成分设计、调控其力学性能提供了参考。     

Effect of Cerium on Structure and Properties of Granular Bainitic Steel

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The bainite transformation in a silicon steel

An experimental silicon steel has been used in a detailed kinetic and structural study of the bainite transformation in an attempt to resolve some of the controversies concerning the reaction mechanism. Distinct reaction ‘C’ curves and transformation mechanisms were observed for the upper and lower bainite reactions. The observed set of three minima in transformation kinetics were found to be incompatible with the solute drag explanation of the kinetic Bs temperature. Transmission electron microscopy indicated the growth of both upper and lower bainite by the propagation of displacive subunits, with adjacent nucleation in the latter case. Definite evidence for carbon supersaturation was obtained for the lower bainitic ferrite. The results are best explained in terms of a shear mechanism for the ferritic component of bainite rather than a ledge mechanism (as is observed in Widmanstatten ferrite growth). Carbide precipitation events were also characterized and the evidence suggested that precipitation resulted from the aging of a supersaturated matrix in lower bainite. The evidence also suggests that carbide precipitation events are of secondary importance to the essence of bainite formation. It was further proven that the concept of a metastable equilibrium¹ controlling the transition from upper to lower bainite was not applicable to the present steel and indeed, if any metastable equilibrium does exist in any other steel, it does not constitute a general phenomenon and hence is not essential to the bainite transformation mechanism.     

Bainite Growth Behavior at Early Stage of Transformation in a High Carbon Silicon-Containing Steel

 The growth behavior at the early stage of bainitic transformation was investigated using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electronic microscopy. The bainite was obtained by isothermal transformation at 200 ℃ only for a short time in a high carbon silicon-containing steel after austenitization at 200 ℃ only for 20 min. Transmission electronic microscopy shows that the bainite appears in the form of plates with a width of about 30 nm, and that the interface of the bainite leading tip is wedge shaped. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the bainite plates consist of single ferrite phase, with absence of carbides. The results confirm the occurrence of the moiré which suggests the existence of austenite grain boundaries at the bainite leading tip. Both the lateral growth and longitudinal growth of bainite have weak ability to traverse the lattice-distortion strain fields and austenite grain boundary. The austenite grain boundary impedes the longitudinal growth of the bainite plate, i. e. , the growth of bainite plate stops at the austenite grain boundary. The longitudinal growth of bainite associated with the features of shear mechanism can not completely be in accordance with that of martensitic transformation.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a New Low Carbon Bainitic Weathering Steel

A low carbon bainitic weathering steel with Cu-P alloying was developed.The mechanical properties and hot-rolled microstructures of the new steel at different finishing temperatures were investigated.Cu-P alloying produced strong solution strengthening,delayed the transformation of austenite to bainite,thereby increased the amount of M/A islands.The interaction of phosphorous and copper atoms with dislocations inhibited the recovery process and the formation of subgrains.Low temperature rolling promoted the formation of bainite plates and reduced the size of M/A island,which were beneficial to improving the low temperature impact toughness of phosphorus-bearing low carbon bainitic steel.     

低碳贝氏体钢连续冷却相变规律研究

利用Gleeble1500热/力模拟实验机,研究了抗拉强度为700 MPa级的低碳贝氏体钢的相变规律,分析了不同冷却速率对钢组织及性能的影响。结果表明：轧后试样在1℃/s～30℃/s较宽的冷却速度范围内均可得到贝氏体组织,并随着冷却速度的增加,显微组织以粒状贝氏体为主转变为以性能优良的板条贝氏体和马氏体为主,在不降低韧性指标的前提下,提高了强度,为700 MPa级的低碳贝氏体钢工艺制度的制订提供了依据。