原油破乳剂与添加剂复配的实验研究

用陕北地区有代表性的宝塔区、安塞和子长原油，对该地区目前正在使用的八种商品破乳剂用瓶试法进行破乳脱水试验，从中筛选出四种破乳脱水性能较好的破乳剂：GT-940、YT-100、SP-169和HQ96-l。将这四种破乳剂与OP乳化剂、洗衣粉等添加剂按不同比例进行破乳剂-添加剂复配，用瓶试法比较这些复配破乳剂的破乳脱水性能。在55℃，破乳剂总加量lOOmg／L，脱水时间为3h的条件下，发现只有GT-940与OP乳化剂和洗衣粉的复配破乳剂对宝塔区原油的破乳脱水性能得到改善。对宝塔区原油GT-940与OP乳化剂复配脱水率最高的配比是2：3；GT-940和洗衣粉的复配物脱水率最高的配比是2：3。     

阿维菌素和几种菊酯类农药复配微乳剂的研制

阿维菌素 (Abamectine B1a) 和许多菊酯类农药复配都有不同程度的增效作用,被广泛应用。但这两类农药的复配制剂往往都是乳油,因乳油中含大量有机溶剂,对环境和人类造成了很大的危害,所以开发一种新型、环保、高效的农药剂型十分必要。本文介绍了阿维菌素和几种菊酯类复配农药的新型剂型——微乳剂 (ME) 的研究过程和方法,并分析了该制剂的特点、社会效益及推广前景。     

水溶性高效氯氰菊酯乳剂型农药的研制

以分子量为50万到2000万的新型两亲高分子聚合物为乳化剂,A13为转相剂,将二者复配成具有高HLB值、能形成高效水包油（O/W）型的乳化剂,该复配乳化剂对于农药成品水乳液的稳定起着关键作用;原药、作为连续相的矿物油、作为原药溶剂同时兼有连续相作用的大豆油、基料、各种助剂以及自来水等组分经搅拌后通过胶体磨高速剪切研磨,从而制成一定浓度的高效氯氰菊酯等菊酯类水乳剂农药。该水乳剂农药没有使用二甲苯等有机溶剂;其密度接近于水,倾倒性较好;化学稳定性好,稳定性测试显示其冷热贮前后的流动性好,无沉淀析出,析水、析油情况等均达到农药标准要求。本实验以高效氯氰菊酯水性农药的研制为对象,但其工艺条件对研制性质相近的其他原药的水乳剂,尤其是对拟除虫菊酯类农药的水乳剂研制具有重要借鉴意义。     

5％高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂的研制

通过对一系列溶剂、乳化剂、助剂的筛选,配制了一种环境友好型农药制剂——5％高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂,确定了其最佳配方和制备方法,并对水乳剂的质量指标和性能进行了测试.结果表明:最佳配方下制备的产品质量稳定,各项指标均符合水乳剂的要求.     

一种环境友好型多功能助剂在农药增效中的应用

针对我国传统农药助剂污染环境、技术指标落后、功能单一的问题,利用新型农药助剂06301复配农药,并进行药效研究.实验证明:助剂06301是一种润湿、渗透、乳化等综合性能优良、对环境友好的新型产品,在水剂、微乳剂、乳油剂等多种剂型农药制剂中均表现出优良的互溶、稳定、增强药效的作用.     

10%啶菌(噁)唑微乳剂的研制

介绍了一种以水为介质的环保型绿色农药新制剂-10％啶菌噁唑微乳剂，简述了该剂型的特点、乳化剂及溶剂品种的筛选，并且考察了水质对微乳剂配制的影响，考察了配制的微乳剂低温、热贮、乳化和对原药分解率等性能，表明该微乳剂品种分解率低，质量稳定，使用安全，社会效益显著。     

10%残杀威微乳剂的研制

根据微乳剂形成的机理，选用了合适的表面活性剂、助溶剂等制备出了10％残杀威微乳剂，经过试验得出10％残杀威微乳剂的组成为：残杀威10％，DBS—Ca／1602（1：1）10％～15％，环己酮10％～15％。去离子水60％-70％。该微乳剂具有物理、化学稳定性好的特点，其粒径范罔在4～10nm之间。该制剂质量达到国家农药有关标准，本研究确定了10％残杀威微乳剂主要技术指标：pH=5～7，透明温度范围为-10℃～60℃。     

原油破乳剂系列

高效复配型原油破乳剂 本发明涉及石油加工领域的一种高效复配型原油破乳剂。该高效复配型原油破乳剂的组份和重量百分数为：OC-963：10％～30％；SBP-62：10％～30％；TM-478：10％～30％；YJ-1：20％～40％；有机小分子助剂：5％-15％；溶剂：10％～20％。本发明利用破乳剂之间的协同效应．将多种破乳剂进行交联复配，再添加有机小分子助剂辅助破乳。开发出的高效复配破乳剂在原油脱水过程中用量小、成本低、且具备较好的普适性．可以有效地提高原油的破乳效果．同时可以成倍地增加原油破乳剂的品种数量．节省合成新品种所需的工作量。期     

0.5%苦参碱微乳剂配方研究

开发一种水基化的苦参碱农药制剂。按照自创苦参碱微乳剂的制备工艺和微乳剂技术指标控制实验的要求,进行配方筛选实验,确定了配方中各组分的质量分数:苦参碱原粉0.5%,乙酸乙酯20%,乳化剂C 20%,丙三醇0.5%,甲醛0.1%,去离子水58.9%。通过对该配方产品的验证实验,包括低温稳定性、抗冻、乳液稳定性等,检验产品的合格性,结果显示0.5%苦参碱微乳剂的各项指标均符合微乳剂质量技术标准的相关规定,表明该配方可行。     

农药水基性制剂的开发和前景

文章论述农药水基性制剂的内容和类型。较样细地讨论了悬浮剂、水乳剂和微乳剂水基性制剂的开发、优劣和前景。指出微乳剂在国际上不是剂型开发的趋势，国内开发微乳剂应审慎对待：而开发悬浮剂和水乳剂的水基性制剂是更有利和有前景的。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.