微细粒高岭石在水介质中的聚团行为

通过采用沉降法以及颗粒表面动电位测试，考察了水介质中PH的变化以及阳离子表面活性剂对微细粒高岭石颗粒聚团行为的影响．结果表明：pH〈7时，水介质中高岭石颗粒表现为强烈的聚团行为；pH〉9时，主要以分散为主．阳离子型表面活性剂的加入使颗粒表面动电位增大，显著提高了高岭石的聚团效果．随表面活性剂浓度的增大，高岭石的聚团行为更加显著．pH=7时，烷基伯胺醋酸盐随着碳链的增长，对高岭石的聚团效果减弱；同一浓度下季胺盐的聚团效果优于烷基伯胺盐．     

荧光探针对HAWSP的聚集数的测定

使用芘作为荧光探针，在三条理想化假设基础上，测定了疏水缔合水溶性聚合物（丙烯酰胺－丙烯酸钠－十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵共聚物与丙烯胺－丙烯酸钠－十六迷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵共聚物）在水溶液中的疏水微区基团聚集数，结果发现，疏水侧链水的碳原子数目是影响聚集数的一个重要因素。     

高岭石插层复合物与纳米高岭石研究现状与展望

某些有机分子可进入高岭石层间形成有机插层复合物,基于高岭石有机插层复合物的功能性材料受到人们的广泛关注并成为当前应用矿物学的研究热点之一。本文介绍了高岭石有机插层复合物与纳米高岭石的研究历史和现状,阐述了高岭石有机插层复合物制备的主要影响因素、插层机理、表征、研究方法以及基于高岭石有机插层作用的纳米高岭石制备,同时对此领域今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

煅烧温度对高岭土性质的影响

对湖北某地红岩崖的块状沉积型高岭土矿石进行化学成分分析、物相分析以及热重分析,原矿中高岭石含量达90%以上.探索了煅烧温度对产品白度、pH值的影响,结果显示最佳的煅烧温度区间为875～950℃,煅烧后产品白度≥80%,100g/L的高岭土产品悬浊液pH≤7,产品高岭土组分为偏高岭石.根据实验结果设定950℃的煅烧温度在某有限公司生产线进行了连续7天稳定生产的工业试验,得到白度为（82±1）、pH值为（6.20±0.2）,质量稳定且符合国家工业标准的产品.     

A series of aminoamides used for flotation of kaolinite

N-(2-aminoethyl)-dodecanamide, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-dodecanamide, and N-(3-diethylaminoproyl)-dodecanamide used as collectors were studied for the flotation of kaolinite in the absence of additives at different pulp pHs as well as different collector contents. The effectiveness of the long chain aminoamides on pure kaolinite was demonstrated in laboratory scale flotation tests. The adsorption mechanism of the aminoamides onto kaolinite was investigated through zeta potential determinations and infrared spectrometry. The -98 μm size fractions of kaolinite, taken from Jiaxian Henan of China, were used in flotation. The hydrophilic group size of the aminoamides has a relatively less influence upon the floatability of pure kaolinite. The results suggest either the static-electric force or the coordinating bond adsorption mechanism of the aminoamides onto kaolinite depends on pulp pH.     

Effects of oxalic acid addition on the hydrothermal synthesis of kaolinite

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一种硬质高岭岩剥片实验研究

以醋酸钾作为插层剂制备高岭石-醋酸钾复合体,高岭石层间距从0.714nm增大到1.42nm,夹层率为80%。利用复合体的结构不稳定性,进行功率超声剥片。讨论了在一定功率超声场中,浆液体积、浆液浓度和超声时间对剥片作用的影响。实验结果表明:在输入功率为150W、变幅杆断面直径100mm、超声频率为18kHz的条件下,浆液体积为200mL、浆液浓度为10%、超声时间为15min时超声剥片的效果最佳。声空化作用产生的冲击波、质点产生的巨大加速度是引起高岭石-醋酸钾插层复合体顺层剥离的根本原因。在声空化作用下,浆液中高岭石颗粒间的高速碰撞使其颗粒进一步变细。     

硬质高岭石(岩)的功率超声剥片及作用机理

摘要：先制备了符合功率超声剥片需要的煤系高岭石样品,再选定不同高岭石浓度、超声作用体积和超声时间进行了高岭石超声剥片试验。探讨了剥片过程中的高岭石浓度、超声作用体积和时间等因素对高岭石剥片的影响,发现只有选取合适的浓度、体积和作用时间才能得到理想的剥片效果。对超声剥片机理进行理论分析,给出了空化阀值压力PB、液体表面张力 、空化气泡崩溃时的瞬态压力和瞬态温度等的数值关系。     

超细矿粉对混凝土界面区硫酸盐腐蚀的影响

为了研究骨料与水泥石界面区(ITZ)的组成及结构对混凝土抗硫酸盐腐蚀性能的影响,利用紫外分光光度计绘制了硫酸钠溶液浸泡混凝土试样的SO2-4浸入浓度/深度曲线,并辅以扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针能谱(EDS)等对ITZ进行观测;同时利用XRD定量分析研究了混凝土本体相和界面相的水化产物富集的差异.结果表明:Ca(OH)2、钙矾石(AFt)等晶体富集于硫酸钠溶液浸泡后试样的ITZ,引起AFt二次结晶型的硫酸盐腐蚀破坏.在适量石膏的激发下,掺入超细矿粉(GGBS)可阻止AFt转变成单硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFm),减少AFt二次结晶的生成,明显提高抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力,试样的同深度硫酸根浓度最低,抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能最好.     

Adsorption Capacity of Kaolinite for Copper （Ⅱ） under Magnetic Field

The adsorption of Cu^2 on kaolinite under magnetic field was studied at 25℃.The magnetic effects were investigated by designing the variation of exposure time, rnagnetie flux density and the method of magnetic exposure. The results from these study show that the magnetic treatment significaatly enhance the fraction of adsorption of Cu^2 ,the adsorption of Cu^2 by kaolinite increases with the increase of pH value from 2 to 6. Both the magnetic exposure time and the magnetic flux density promote the fruetion of adsorption Cu^2 on kaolinite.     

Highly effective delamination of kaolinite and emergence of a novel nanoclub-like crystal

The delamination of kaolinite was performed via the combination of intercalation and sonication. The morphology including shape, size, and crystal structure before and after the treatment were investigated by using XRD, SEM, TEM and SED （selective electron diffraction）. The results not only show that the particle size is significantly reduced after short time sonication treatment, such as BET area up to 52.29 m^2/g after only 1 h sonication treatment, but also indicate that the treated particles keep good crystal structure. A new aluminum silicate nanoclub-like crystal formed after sonication treatment.     

A novel depressor useful for flotation separation of diaspore and kaolinite

The floatation of the minerals diaspore and kaolinite was investigated using dodecylamine as the collector.Separating diaspore and kaolinite in a neutral pH pulp is difficult since they then have similar floatability.A depressor consisting of an AlCl3/Na2SiO3 mixture is demonstrated to solve this problem.Diaspore sinking may be seen when the ratio of AlCl3 to Na2SiO3 is 3.1.We refer to this mixture as ATNO.The influence of Al/Si ratio in the feedstock and the grain size of fed minerals on separation was examined.An Al/Si ratio in the concentrate greater than 11 may be obtained when the Al/Si ratio of the feed is between 2.53 and 4.96.However,the grain size of the diaspore greatly influences the concentrate grade.Finer grain size of the diaspore (＜40 μm)in pulp makes the flotation separation less than ideal,no matter what the kaolinite grain size.     

新庄井田高岭石粘土岩中菱铁矿的研究

在永城矿区新庄井田二叠系下石盒子组内含有菱铁矿, 呈分散状、结核状分布在高岭石粘土岩中, 通过系统测试分析, 研究了菱铁矿在高岭石粘土岩层中的含量和特征, 对于高岭石粘土岩和菱铁矿的开发利用具有重要意义     

Reaction Activity of Kaolinite Surfaces：Quantum Chemistry Calculations

The anion-kaolinite surface infractions and AuS - adsorption onto the surfaces of kaolinite were studied using the self-consistent-field discrete variation ( SCF - Xα - DV) method. Electronic structure and energies of the system of anion AuS- adsorbed on an atomic cluster of kaolinite were calculated. The results show that the systems with lower total energy are those AuS- adsorbed on the edge surfaces, which indicates that the systems of adsorption of AuS- on the edges are more stable relative to those adsorbed on the basal plane. On the other hand, bond order data suggest that significant shifting of atomic charge and the overlapping of electronic cloud between Au ( Ⅰ ) of the AuS- and the surface ions of kaolinite would take place in the systems with AuS - being adsorbed on the edges, especially at the she near A1 octahedra. Therqrore, it can be concluded that edge sites will dominate the complexation reactions of the surfaces of kaolinite, with negligible contributions from other fimctional groups on the basal plane, which are dominated by either siloxane sites in silica layers or aluminol sites in gibbsite layers.     

Specific Property of Ultrafine Particle Classification

1　IntroductionUltrafineparticleclassificationisaprocessofsepa ratingonesolidultrafinepowderdispreadphaseintotwoormoreparticlesizes .Foranidealclassification ,ultrafineparticleswillbeseparatedaccuratelyatthecutpoint.Ifthecutsizeisxt,theparticlescoarserthanxtintherawmaterialwillbecompletelyseparatedintothecoarseparti cles ,whiletheparticlesfinerthanxt,intothefineparti cles .However,intherealclassifyingoperation ,apartofparticlescoarserthanxt willinfiltratethefineparticlesandsomeparticlesfinerth…     

Flotation of kaolinite with dodecyl tertiary amines

The flotation of kaolinite using a series of tertiary amines (N,N-dimethyl-dodecyl amine (DRN), N,N-diethyl-dodecyl amine (DEN), N,N-dipropyl-dodecyl amine (DPN) and N,N-dibenzyl-bodecyl amine (DBN)) was investigated. The results show that the maximum recoveries of kaolinite for DEN, DPN and DRN are 93%, 88% and 84%, respectively, but that of DBN is very low. On the basis of zeta potential and FT-IR spectra, the ionization of surface hydroxyl and isomorphic exchange of surface ions account for the charging mechanisms of kaolinite surface. The adsorption mechanism of tertiary amines on kaolinite surface is mainly electrostatic. The isoelectric point (IEP) of kaolinite increases from 3.4 to some more positive points after the interaction of kaolinite with the four tertiary amines. The FT-IR spectra of kaolinite change with the presence of some new sharp shapes belonging to the tertiary amines. The inductive electronic effects and space-steric effects of -CH₃, -C₂H₅, -C₃H₇ and -C₇H₇ bonding to N atom result in different collecting power of the four tertiary amines.     

Electron bandstructure of kaolinite and its mechanism of flotation using dodecylamine as collector

The bulk electronic structure of kaolinite (001) plane was studied with quantum mechanical calculations. The CASTEP parameterization of ultrasoft pseudopotentials without core corrections was used to optimize the structure of kaolinite bulk and slab models. The results show that Fermi energy of kaolinite (001) plane is 3.05 eV, and the band gap is 4.52 eV. The partial density of states (PDOS) of kaolinite (001) plane indicates that Al—O and Si—O bonds on the mineral surface are highly polar. The oxygen atoms of hydroxyl groups in surface layer are capable of forming hydrogen bond with the head group of cationic collectors. The properties of dodecylamine (DDA) cation were also calculated by density function theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-31G (d) level for illuminating the flotation processes of kaolinite. Besides the electrostatic attraction, the mechanism between kaolinite and DDA is found to be hydrogen bonds under acidic condition. Foundation item: Project(2005CB623701) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(50874118) supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China; Project(2007B52) supported by the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China     

水化学条件对高岭土压缩性的影响机理

研究在不同水化学条件下高岭土的压缩特性,开展了不同化学溶液饱和条件下高岭土的一维固结试验。试验结果表明：在较低压力水平下,Na+或Ca²⁺明显降低了高岭土的压缩性,但随着离子浓度的增加,高岭土的压缩性又有提高的趋势,而高应力水平下离子浓度对高岭土压缩性的影响不明显;同一浓度下,Ca²⁺对试样压缩性的影响比Na⁺更明显;在酸性或碱性条件下高岭土压缩性均较中性条件下有所提高;回弹曲线同样受到水化学条件的影响。试验结果的作用机理为:水化学条件变化对高岭土压缩性的影响以物理-化学机制为主导,阳离子交替吸附作用与溶蚀、沉淀作用是改变土体压缩性的重要因素。为进一步揭示水-土化学作用的力学效应机理提供了依据。     

FTIR analysis of adsorption of poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride on kaolinite

The flocculation behavior of ultrafine kaolinite suspension was investigated through settlement tests and FTIR method was employed to probe the adsorption mechanism of flocculant on kaolinite. The results show that the maximum settling rate of kaolinite occurs at pH value of 3.33,which is close to the point of zero charge（PZC） of kaolinite （3.5）. This result is in good agreement with the double electric layer theory. Kaolinite suspension reaches the largest settling rate at a low concentration of 39 g/t for poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride（PDADMA） flocculant,whereas for polyacrylamides（PAM） the dosage is required to be 500 g/t. When macromolecule polymer is adsorbed on surface,kaolinite particles may be flocculant due to the bridging effect. There are cation flocculant characteristic bands on the spectrum of kaolinite but no obvious shifting. Thus,the adsorption of poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride on kaolinite surface is physical adsorption.     

超微颗粒尺寸测量方法比较研究

应用x射线衍射线线宽法、透射电镜法、比表面积法和激光粒度分析法对自制的Ni(OH)2超微粉及标准颗粒度的样品进行比较分析,探讨了分析原理、颗粒形状等因素对粒径测试准确度的影响．实验结果表明：由球形颗粒组成的超微粉,透射电镜法和激光粒度分析法分析的结果均比较准确;4种方法对由不规则形状颗粒组成的超微粉分析结果相差悬殊,应采用不同的测试方法比较以得出可信的颗粒尺寸．实验证实,样品在分散介质中的分散程度对超微颗粒尺寸测量结果有较大影响,测量前对超微粉进行充分的分散是得出准确结果的前提．