高强钢方管绕弯时截面参数对成形质量的影响

金属薄壁方管在绕弯加工中一般会产生横截面畸变、顶板减薄、底板起皱等成形缺陷。为了判断高强钢方管截面参数对弯管成形质量的影响程度,建立了方管绕弯成形的三维有限元模型,在截面边长与弯曲半径一定时,基于Dynaform软件对6种尺寸的JAC590Y方管的90°绕弯成形分别进行了模拟,得出了不同相对壁厚与相对圆角半径方管绕弯后的主要畸变参数。分析表明:高强钢方管经90°绕弯后,其横截面畸变最大的部位出现于弯管的前段,其截面角处于50°～90°之间;在方管的截面边长、弯曲半径及管坯与模具的间隙一定时,方管的相对圆角半径与相对壁厚越小,则管件的横截面畸变与最大壁厚减薄率便会越大,而管件底板也越容易沿纵向起皱或其皱曲越明显。     

汽车骨架矩形管弯曲成形极限值的研究

<正>达到极限最大弯曲角度的讨论目的为研究金属薄壁矩形管件绕弯成形时质量缺陷的截面畸变形式,对管件的宽度扩展率、中面高度缩减率、壁厚减薄率三者进行定义都参考文献。研究材料为JAC590Y,是汽车车身结构中常用的一种高强钢材料,屈服强度为395MPa,抗拉强度为615MPa,     

芯轴参数对薄壁管数控绕弯成形壁厚的影响研究

薄壁管绕弯成形中,芯轴参数是影响管坯成形质量的重要因素。本文建立了薄壁管数控绕弯成形有限元模型,分析了芯轴直径、芯头间距、芯头宽度等工艺参数对管坯壁厚变化的影响规律。结果表明,随着芯轴直径的增大,弯管外弧壁厚减薄率增加,而内弧壁厚增厚率几乎不变;球头间距和球头宽度对管坯壁厚减薄的影响比较显著,外弧壁厚减薄率随着芯头间距和芯头宽度的增加而增大,当芯头间距增加2 mm时,外弧壁厚减薄率增加3%。在相同芯轴参数的成形条件下,管坯外弧壁厚减薄率比内弧壁厚增厚率更敏感。     

Q345钢矩形管弯曲成型质量的研究

为判断高强钢矩形管绕弯成形参数对弯管质量的影响程度,建立了两种管坯厚度在5种径高比下弯曲不同角度的有限元模型,并对模型的可靠性进行实验验证。研究结果表明：当管件相对弯曲半径R/h₀≥3.5时,矩形管壁厚越薄越容易在靠近夹块与镶块一端由于面高度缩减率和壁厚减薄率的变化而发生截面畸变。随着相对弯曲半径逐渐增大,截面畸变受管坯弯曲角度影响较大。同时讨论了相对弯曲半径为3时的弯曲极限角度,两种厚度下,根据弯曲角管件中面最大高度缩减率与最大壁厚减薄率关系得出极限弯曲角度在40°左右,因此在小半径弯曲时,选择合适的弯曲角度能避免造成管坯变形量过大。     

5A02铝合金薄壁管绕弯成形数值模拟及试验

利用有限元分析软件Pam-stamp对5A02铝合金薄壁管的数控绕弯过程进行了数值模拟,研究了芯棒伸出量和弯管角度对管坯的壁厚减薄率、不圆度和回弹等的影响,并进行了数控绕弯成形试验。结果表明,随着伸出量的增长,壁厚减薄率呈指数式增长,不圆度以抛物线减小,且试验结果与模拟结果基本一致;管的回弹随弯管角度增大而增大。用最小二乘法拟合得到弯管回弹公式,并在弯管试验中得到理想的弯管效果。     

薄壁管数控绕弯成形壁厚减薄的主要影响因素研究

针对薄壁圆管数控绕弯精确成形过程在多因素作用下容易出现外侧壁厚减薄的物理过程,基于Dynaform建立了数控绕弯三维有限元模型并验证了模型的可靠性.研究了材料参数、顶推装置、弯曲角度、相对弯曲半径、芯棒伸出量、芯头个数对管材数控绕弯成形外侧壁厚减薄的影响规律.结果表明:LF2M铝合金比1Cr18 Ni9Ti不锈钢减薄严重,但是截面畸变程度小于1Cr18Ni9Ti;相比尾部没有安装顶推装置的管坯,加装了顶推的弯管壁厚减薄率降低了大约5％;随着弯曲角度和弯曲半径的增大,减薄率也逐渐增大;芯棒伸长量和芯头个数也是影响减薄的重要因素,芯棒伸出越多,弯管壁厚减薄率越大,增加芯头也会增大减薄率.     

芯模参数对高强度薄壁管数控弯曲成形质量的影响

薄壁管数控弯曲成形中的柔性芯模是影响薄壁管成形质量的关键因素。利用有限元分析软件Dynaform建立了高强度薄壁管数控弯曲过程的有限元模型,并对其可靠性进行实验验证。研究了芯棒与管材间隙、球芯棒个数、球芯棒与管材间隙、芯棒与管材摩擦条件等芯模参数对高强度薄壁管数控弯曲过程中壁厚变化和截面畸变的影响规律。结果表明:随着芯棒与管材间隙的增大,壁厚减薄率减小,截面畸变率增大不明显,芯棒与管材间隙主要影响管材弯曲结束位置;随着球芯棒个数的增加,壁厚减薄率增大,截面畸变程度减小;随着球芯棒与管材间隙的增大,壁厚减薄率减小,截面畸变率增大;芯棒与管材内壁的摩擦越小,越有利于降低壁厚减薄率。     

6061铝合金薄壁管绕弯成形数值模拟及实验研究

通过单向拉伸试验获得6061-T6铝合金管(Φ50.8 mm×1 mm)的基本力学性能数据,拟合建立了材料的本构方程;对异型弯管的数控绕弯过程进行有限元模拟,研究了芯棒与管材间间隙值、芯棒伸出量、芯头个数对弯管成形质量的影响规律,分析发现,最优间隙值为1.05 mm,并获得了90°~100°弯管时两个弯曲段的回弹角和弯曲角关系曲线。模拟结果表明,第1次弯曲角为96°、第2次弯曲角为94.5°时可得到平行度较好的异型弯管。最后通过绕弯实验,将实验结果与仿真模拟进行对比,验证了模拟所得规律和材料模型的准确性。     

工艺参数对薄壁矩形管绕弯成形失稳起皱影响的显著性分析

基于三维有限元软件ABAQUS/Explicit,采用所建立的薄壁矩形管绕弯成形过程三维弹塑性有限元模型,结合虚拟正交试验,模拟研究了工艺参数对绕弯成形过程中失稳起皱影响的显著性。结果表明:弯曲半径、芯头个数、芯模与管坯间隙和防皱块与管坯间隙对薄壁矩形管绕弯成形过程中的失稳起皱影响较为显著。     

6061-T4薄壁铝合金管数控弯曲回弹规律(英文)

以规格为50.8mm×0.889mm(管材外径×管材壁厚)的高性能薄壁6061-T4铝合金管为对象,采用单因素实验分析和基于全过程三维有限元模拟的正交方法,获得多个弯曲成形参数对6061-T4薄壁铝合金管数控弯管回弹的影响。结果表明:1)弯管回弹角随弯曲角度的增大而总体呈线性增大;2)影响弯管回弹的显著性因素从高到低排列为:芯棒管材间隙,弯曲半径,压模管材摩擦,防皱块管材间隙,压模管材间隙,助推速度,芯模管材摩擦和芯球个数;3)显著性成形参数对回弹的影响规律与不锈钢和钛合金相似:回弹角随弯曲速度、芯棒管材间隙、相对弯曲半径、防皱模管材间隙、压力模摩擦系数、压力模相对助推速度的增大而增大,随芯棒伸出量、芯球个数和芯棒摩擦系数的增大而减小。     

基于数值模拟的薄壁管冷弯成形工艺研究

薄壁管冷弯成形过程中最常见的缺陷有管坯内侧失稳起皱、外侧减薄破裂,为获得质量良好的某车用水冷管接头冷弯件,采用数值模拟方法分别研究了芯棒伸出量e、防皱块与管坯间隙c以及芯棒直径d等工艺参数对冷弯成形质量的影响.结果表明:随着芯棒伸出量e增大,管坯外侧壁厚减薄率γ增大,管坯内侧起皱趋势先减小再增大;随着管坯与防皱块的间隙...     

Effect of frictions on cross section quality of thin-walled tube NC bending

1 Introduction Thin-walled tube bending parts have been increasingly used in many industry fields such as aviation, aerospace and automobile for their easy satisfaction in light weight, high strength and low consuming. The numerical controlled(NC) rotar…     

薄壁矩形管弯曲过程截面畸变的三维有限元分析

薄壁矩形管的弯曲成形是一个受材料性能和工艺参数等诸多因素交互作用的复杂成形过程,在弯曲过程中极易产生截面畸变等缺陷,导致成形质量难以达到要求。为此,文章提出了薄壁矩形管弯曲成形过程截面畸变的描述方法,并基于ABAQUS/Explicit软件平台,从截面形状变化、截面畸变量大小和弯曲过程中的能量变化等方面,研究了芯棒与管坯间隙和管坯与防皱块之间的摩擦对截面畸变的影响规律。该研究对薄壁矩形管弯曲过程工艺参数的选取,提供了理论依据。     

Analysis of wrinkling limit of rotary-draw bending process for thin-walled rectangular tube

The rotary-draw bending process for thin-walled rectangular tube of aluminum alloy may produce a wrinkling phenomenon if processing parameters are inappropriate, especially for tubes with thin wall and small bending radius. To predict this wrinkling rule rapidly and accurately, here, a wrinkling wave function was proposed and a wrinkling prediction model was developed based on the deformation theory of plasticity combined with the energy method, and then the minimum bending radius without the occurrence of wrinkling in the process was obtained. Furthermore, the effects of geometrical parameters and the material properties of the tube on the minimum bending radius were analyzed. The results show that larger thickness-to-width ratio (t/b) and thickness-to-height ratio (t/h) are beneficial to improve the wrinkling limit of the tube. The minimum bending radius becomes smaller with an increase in strain-hardening exponent of the tube, whereas with the strength coefficient decreasing. And the Young's modulus has little effect on the wrinkling limit. These achievements are helpful to develop the bending technique and provide a guideline in rotary-draw bending process for thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy tube.     

基于显著性的薄壁铝合金管小弯曲半径数控弯曲工艺参数优化(英文)

薄壁铝合金管小弯曲半径数控弯曲是个多因素耦合、多模具约束下的复杂过程。提出以有限元模拟为基础,基于显著性的工艺参数优化方法,即采用析因因子设计分析工艺参数对成形质量,即最大壁厚减薄率和最大截面畸变变化率影响的显著性,获得影响显著的参数,即管与防皱模间间隙的最优值,并确定其他影响不显著的参数值,包括管与模具间的间隙和摩擦、芯棒伸出量和助推速度。结果应用于规格为d50mm×1mm×75mm和d70mm×1.5mm×105mm(管外径D0×管壁厚t0×弯曲半径R)的铝合金管弯曲,获得了合格的管件。     

Cross-sectional distortion behaviors of thin-walled rectangular tube in rotary-draw bending process

The cross-sectional distortion usually appears during rotary-draw bending process of thin-walled rectangular tube with small bending radius.To study the cross-sectional distortion of the tube,a three-dimensional finite-element model of the process was developed based on ABAQUS/Explicit code and its reliability was validated by experiment.Then,the cross-sectional distortion behaviors of the tube were investigated.The results show that a zone of larger circumferential stress appears on the tube when bending angle reaches 30°.And in the larger circumferential stress zone,the sagging phenomenon is produced obviously.The maximum cross-sectional distortion is located in the larger circumferential stress zone and the angle between the plane of maximum cross-sectional distortion and the bending reference plane is about 50°.The position of the maximum cross-sectional distortion keeps almost unchanged with the variation of the clearances between dies and tube.     

薄壁管数控弯曲截面畸变的实验研究

截面畸变是薄壁管小弯曲半径数控弯曲成形容易出现的成形缺陷之一。文章采用实验法,研究了芯头个数、芯棒伸出量、弯曲角度、压块润滑状态、相对弯曲半径、材料等因素对截面畸变的影响;并提出了减小截面畸变的有效措施。结果表明,增加芯头个数与芯棒伸长量都能减小弯管的截面畸变,但两者都导致弯管壁厚减薄量增大;随着弯曲角度的增加,截面畸变越严重,相对弯曲半径越小,无芯棒与芯头支撑段弯管的截面畸变愈严重;在压块无润滑情况下,弯管的截面畸变和壁厚减薄量都小,并且在同等弯曲条件下,1Cr18Ni9Ti弯管的截面畸变小于LF2M弯管。     

Effect of mandrel on cross section quality of thin-walled tube numerical controlled bending

The effect of mandrel with the structure of ball and socket on the cross section quality of thin-walled tube numerical controlled （NC） bending was studied by numerical simulation method, combined with theoretical analysis and experiment. Influencing factors of the mandrel include the count of mandrel heads, the diameter of mandrel and its position. According to the principle of NC tube bending, quality defects possibly produced in thinwalled tube NC bending process were analyzed and two parameters were proposed in order to describe the cross section quality of thin-walled tube NC bending. According to the geometrical dimension of tube and dies, the range of mandrel protrusion was derived. The finite element model of thin-walled tube NC bending was established based on the DYNAFORM platform, and key technological problems were solved. The model was verified by experiment. The effect of the number of mandrel heads, the diameter of mandrel and the protrusion length of mandrel on the cross section quality of thin-walled tube NC bending was revealed and how to choose mandrel parameters was presented.     

Springback Prediction Model Considering the Variable Young’s Modulus for the Bending Rectangular 3A21 Tube

Springback is inevitable for thin-walled rectangular 3A21 tube in rotary-draw bending process, and Young’s modulus is a crucial material property parameter affecting springback simulation. Therefore, to improve the springback prediction precision, the variation of Young’s modulus with plastic deformation for 3A21 material is studied through a repeated loading-unloading experiment, and a piecewise linear function is given out to describe the relationship between Young’s modulus and plastic strain, which is considered into a new material constitutive model combined with the Von-Mises yield function and the Swift isotropic hardening rule. Furthermore, a finite element springback prediction model is established by means of this new constitutive model for rotary-draw bending process of thin-walled rectangular 3A21 tube, and its reliability is validated experimentally. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental data show that, the accuracy of springback prediction can be improved significantly by 18.02% when the variation of Young’s modulus is considered. On the basis of the established model, the stress distribution field of thin-walled rectangular 3A21 tube in the whole rotary-draw bending process is obtained and analyzed.     

Role of mandrel in NC precision bending process of thin-walled tube

The thin-walled tube NC bending process is a much complex physical process with multi-factors coupling interactive effects. The mandrel is the key to improve bending limit and to achieve high quality. In this study, one analytical model of the mandrel (including mandrel shank and balls) has been established and some reference formulas have been deduced in order to select the mandrel parameters preliminarily, i.e. mandrel diameter d, mandrel extension e, number of balls n, thickness of balls k, space length between balls p and nose radius r. The experiment has been carried out to verify the analytical model. Based on the above analysis, a 3D elastic–plastic FEM model of the NC bending process is established using the dynamic explicit FEM code ABAQUS/Explicit. Thus, the influences of mandrel on stress distribution during the bending process have been investigated, and then the role of the mandrel in the NC precision bending process such as wrinkling prevention has been revealed. The results show the following: (1) Wrinkling in the tube NC bending process is conditional on membrane biaxial compressive stress state; the smaller the difference between the biaxial membrane stresses is, the more possibility of wrinkling occurs. (2) If the mandrels of larger sizes are used, it will cause the neutral axial to move outward and the difference between the in-plane compressive stresses to become more obvious, which may increase minimum wrinkling energy and anti-wrinkling ability. But the larger mandrel sizes make outside tube over-thinning. (3) When the mandrel extension length increases, the neutral axial will move outward and the difference between the biaxial compressive stresses becomes larger, but the significance is less than that of the mandrel diameter. The excessive extension will cause tube to over thin or even crack. (4) The significance of ball number's effect on the neutral axial position and difference between biaxial compressive stresses is between ones of mandrel diameter and mandrel extension. Increasing the ball number will enhance the thinning degree and manufacturing cost. The results may help to better understanding of mandrel role on the improvement of forming limit and forming quality in the process.