基于Ansys的6110柴油机曲轴有限元分析

对6110柴油机整体曲轴运用Pro/e建立了符合实际情况的三维模型,导入Ansys对其进行了有限元分析,分析了整体曲轴的受力,并且对曲轴单拐有限元模型的应力状态进行了研究.最后对整体曲轴进行了自由模态分析,为曲轴的优化设计提供一定的参考依据.     

基于ANSYS的某型四缸内燃机曲轴模态分析

曲轴是内燃机的重要零部件,它对内燃机的动态特性影响很大。本文用ANSYS软件对曲轴进行自由模态分析,求出了曲轴在的前10阶模态的固有频率和振型。首先对曲轴进行简化,利用Pro/E建立曲轴的三维模型;然后导入ANSYS中进行有限元网格划分;最后对曲轴进行自由模态分析,得出曲轴的固有频率和振型,为发动机曲轴的优化设计和动力学分析提供了有价值的理论依据。     

12V190天然气发动机的曲轴强度有限元分析

使用有限元分析软件对12V190天然气发动机的曲轴进行强度分析,校核了该曲轴的强度,同时对曲轴的疲劳安全系数进行了分析,为以后曲轴设计提供有力的依据。     

1P68F曲轴强度有限元分析

本文利用UGNX2.0软件对通用小型汽油机1P68F曲轴进行了精确建模,采用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS对曲轴在最大受拉、受压两个工况下进行了强度分析,研究了曲轴的变形和应力状态,校核了其强度,同时对曲轴的疲劳强度进行了分析,为指导曲轴设计提供了有力的依据.     

基于动力学仿真和有限元分析的曲轴疲劳寿命计算

在对某型六缸汽车发动机曲轴系动态仿真和对曲轴进行静态有限元分析基础上对曲轴的疲劳寿命进行了计算。首先对曲轴系进行动态仿真,得到曲轴连杆颈处的载荷和载荷谱,载荷作为曲轴有限元分析的力边界条件,而栽荷谱经过简化,得到计算曲轴疲劳寿命的载荷谱,同时利用弹簧单元对主轴颈处的弹性支撑实际状况进行了模拟,也考虑了相邻拐的影响,然后在有限元分析的基础上分别利用S—N和局部应变法计算了曲轴的疲劳寿命,得到的结果说明传统的计算过于保守,这不但对曲轴的设计和优化有一定的意义;也说明再制造发动机时直接利用曲轴其寿命是可靠的,足以维持下一个生命周期。     

基于ABAQUS的发动机曲轴模态试验分析

以柴油机发动机曲轴为研究对象,运用CATIA建立发动机曲轴三维几何模型,并运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对发动机曲轴进行了自由模态分析。再对曲轴的细节特征和约束进行了简化,求出了曲轴自由约束条件下前七阶模态的固有频率和振型。运用实验对比分析方法,通过模态实验可获得曲轴各阶的模态频率和振型,为动力分析提供技术参数,同时也为进一步发动机高速运转时曲轴振动中危险各区域提供了理论依据。     

基于CAD/CAE的曲轴设计研究

在分析发动机曲轴结构的基础上,对曲轴结构进行规格化处理,确定曲轴模型参数,并利用CATIA二次开发工具CAA开发了曲轴的快速建模系统;利用ANSYS提供的APDL语言进行编程,实现了曲轴载荷的参数化加载和快速分析。该系统为曲轴设计人员提供了一个简单、方便的建模方法和强度分析手段,有利于提高曲轴的设计质量和效率,缩短设计周期。     

曲轴断裂失效影响因素与影响机制研究

以生命期的视角,对断裂曲轴进行研究,发现了曲轴生命期中设计、制造、使用三个阶段和材料对曲轴断裂的相关影响因素,并试图建立曲轴断裂影响因素全集,对三个阶段和材料对曲轴断裂的主要影响因素和影响机制进行了分析,为改善曲轴生命期质量提出了建议。     

某大功率柴油机曲轴及主轴承受力和运动分析

本文首先利用有限元软件ANSYS对某型中速V16柴油机的曲轴进行强度计算分析。计算了曲轴在不同气缸发火时,曲轴的应力情况。然后又利用AVL-Designer对曲轴的强度再次进行分析校核,另外对主轴承工作情况进行计算分析,分析各主轴承的受力情况,轴心轨迹及润滑情况。     

基于ADAMS的柴油机曲轴多体动力学仿真

以某多缸发动机曲轴为例,采用动力学分析软件ADAMS对曲轴-连杆-活塞机构进行多刚体动力学仿真;结合有限元软件MSC.Patran/Nastran,运用模态分析技术,得到曲轴固有频率及振型,对曲轴刚柔混合体模型进行柔体动力学仿真,得到曲轴动态应力分布变化,更真实地反映了曲轴的工作情况。     

Ash-forming elements in four Scandinavian wood species. Part 1: Summer harvest

Woody biomass in Finland and Sweden comprises mainly four wood species: spruce, pine, birch and aspen. To study the ash, which may cause problems for the combustion device, one tree of each species were cut down and prepared for comparisons with fuel samples. Well-defined samples of wood, bark and foliage were analyzed on 11 ash-forming elements: Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, K, P, S and Cl. The ash content in the wood tissues (0.2–0.7%) was low compared to the ash content in the bark tissues (1.9–6.4%) and the foliage (2.4–7.7%). The woods’ content of ash-forming elements was consequently low; the highest contents were of Ca (410–1340 ppm) and K (200–1310), followed by Mg (70–290), Mn (15–240) and P (0–350). Present in the wood was also Si (50–190), S (50–200) and Cl (30–110). The bark tissues showed much higher element contents; Ca (4800–19,100 ppm) and K (1600–6400) were the dominating elements, followed by Mg (210–2400), P (210–1200), Mn (110–1100) and S (310–750), but the Cl contents (40–330) were only moderately higher in the bark than in the wood. The young foliage (shoots and deciduous leaves) had the highest K (7100–25,000 ppm), P (1600–5300) and S (1100–2600) contents of all tissues, while the shoots of spruce had the highest Cl contents (820–1360) and its needles the highest Si content (5000–11,300). This paper presented a new approach in fuel characterization: the method excludes the presence of impurities, and focus on different categories of plant tissues. This made it possible to discuss the contents of ash element in a wide spectrum of fuel-types, which are of large importance for the energy production in Finland and Sweden.     

NEXT GENERATION ENGINEERED MATERIALS FOR ULTRA SUPERCRITICAL STEAM TURBINES

正1 ABSTRACT To reduce the effect of global warming on our climate,the levels of CO2emissions should be reduced.One way to do this is to increase the efficiency of electricity production from fossil fuels.This will in turn reduce the amount of CO2emissions for a given power output.Using US practice for efficiency calculations,then a move from a typical US plant running at 37%efficiency to a 760℃/38.5 MPa(1 400/5 580 psi)plant running at 48%efficiency would reduce CO2emissions by 170kg/MW.hr or 25%.     

Contents in Volume 23,2014

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Aerodynamic performance effects of leading-edge geometry in gas-turbine blades

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of the direct surface-curvature distribution blade-design method, originally proposed by Korakianitis, for the leading-edge design of turbine blades, and by extension for other types of airfoil shapes. The leading edge shape is critical in the blade design process, and it is quite difficult to completely control with inverse, semi-inverse or other direct-design methods. The blade-design method is briefly reviewed, and then the effort is concentrated on smoothly blending the leading edge shape (circle or ellipse, etc.) with the main part of the blade surface, in a manner that avoids leading-edge flow-disturbance and flow-separation regions. Specifically in the leading edge region we return to the second-order (parabolic) construction line coupled with a revised smoothing equation between the leading-edge shape and the main part of the blade. The Hodson–Dominy blade has been used as an example to show the ability of this blade-design method to remove leading-edge separation bubbles in gas turbine blades and other airfoil shapes that have very sharp changes in curvature near the leading edge. An additional gas turbine blade example has been used to illustrate the ability of this method to design leading edge shapes that avoid leading-edge separation bubbles at off-design conditions. This gas turbine blade example has inlet flow angle 0°, outlet flow angle −64.3°, and tangential lift coefficient 1.045, in a region of parameters where the leading edge shape is critical for the overall blade performance. Computed results at incidences of −10°,   −5°,   +5°,   +10° are used to illustrate the complete removal of leading edge flow-disturbance regions, thus minimizing the possibility of leading-edge separation bubbles, while concurrently minimizing the stagnation pressure drop from inlet to outlet. These results using two difficult example cases of leading edge geometries illustrate the superiority and utility of this blade-design method when compared with other direct or inverse blade-design methods.     

Hydrogen production by steam-gasification of carbonaceous materials using concentrated solar energy – V. Reactor modeling,optimization, and scale-up

A chemical reactor for the steam-gasification of carbonaceous particles (e.g. coal, coke) is considered for using concentrated solar radiation as the energy source of high-temperature process heat. A two-phase reactor model that couples radiative, convective, and conductive heat transfer to the chemical kinetics is applied to optimize the reactor geometrical configuration and operational parameters (feedstock's initial particle size, feeding rates, and solar power input) for maximum reaction extent and solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of a 5 kW prototype reactor and its scale-up to 300 kW. For the 300 kW reactor, complete reaction extent is predicted for an initial feedstock particle size up to 35 μm at residence times of less than 10 s and peak temperatures of 1818 K, yielding high-quality syngas with a calorific content that has been solar-upgraded by 19% over that of the petcoke gasified.     

汽轮机数字电液调节系统挂闸异常的技术完善

分析了200MW汽轮机数字电液调节系统在运行中存在的挂闸异常问题,采取了相应的技术处理措施,且运行实践效果良好。     

新型高压共轨ECU升压模块的数字化开发与优化

为了提高喷油器电磁阀的响应速率,提出了一种基于CPLD(复杂可编程逻辑器件)应用于高压共轨ECU的数字升压模块。鉴于该升压电路结构参数多,其升压电压的恢复响应要求高等特征,基于Pspice建立了升压电路的仿真模型,研究了不同电路参数下升压模块的输出特性,全面优化了该升压模块的性能。结果显示,该升压模块的最大转换效率可以达90%以上。在柴油发动机上对ECU的试验表明,升压电压最大波动不超过10%,其恢复时间仅为1.3ms,功率管最大温升仅为41℃,满足整机运行范围内ECU的需求。     

Trace metal chemistry and silicification of microorganisms in geothermal sinter, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

As part of a pilot study investigating the role of microorganisms in the immobilisation of As, Sb, B, Tl and Hg, the inorganic geochemistry of seven different active sinter deposits and their contact fluids were characterised. A comprehensive series of sequential extractions for a suite of trace elements was carried out on siliceous sinter and a mixed silica-carbonate sinter. The extractions showed whether metals were loosely exchangeable or bound to carbonate, oxide, organic or crystalline fractions. Hyperthermophilic microbial communities associated with sinters deposited from high temperature (92–94°C) fluids at a variety of geothermal sources were investigated using SEM. The rapidity and style of silicification of the hyperthermophiles can be correlated with the dissolved silica content of the fluid. Although high concentrations of Hg and Tl were found associated with the organic fraction of the sinters, there was no evidence to suggest that any of the heavy metals were associated preferentially with the hyperthermophiles at the high temperature (92–94°C) ends of the terrestrial thermal spring ecosystems studied.     

Assessment methods of material ageing using Sdobyrev''s creep rupture model

The physical aspects of the activation energy, in higher and high temperatures, of the metal creep process were examined. The research results of creep-rupture in a uniaxial stress state and the criterion of creep-rupture in biaxial stress states, at two temperatures, are then presented. For these studies creep-rupture, taking case iron as an example the energy and pseudoenergy activation was determined. For complex stress states the criterion of creep-rupture was taken to be Sdobyrev's, i.e. σ_red = σ₁ β + (1 − β)σ_i, where: σ₁-maximal principal stress, σ_i-stress intensity, β-material constant (at variable temperature β = β(T)). The methods of assessment of the material ageing grade are given in percentages of ageing of new material in the following mechanical properties: 1) creep strength in uniaxial stress state, 2) activation energy in uniaxial stress state, 3) criterion creep strength in complex stress states, 4) activation pseudoenergy in complex stress states. The methods 1) and 3) are the relatively simplest because they result from experimental investigations only at nominal temperature of the structure work, however, for methods 2) and 4) it is necessary to perform the experimental investigations at least at two temperatures.     

Production of hydrogen from sewage biosolids in a continuously fed bioreactor: Effect of hydraulic retention time and sparging

Hydrogen was produced from primary sewage biosolids via mesophilic anaerobic fermentation in a continuously fed bioreactor. Prior to fermentation the sewage biosolids were heated to 70 °C for 1 h to inactivate methanogens and during fermentation a cellulose degrading enzyme was added to improve substrate availability. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 18, 24, 36 and 48 h were evaluated for the duration of hydrogen production. Without sparging a hydraulic retention time of 24 h resulted in the longest period of hydrogen production (3 days), during which a hydrogen yield of 21.9 L H₂ kg⁻¹ VS added to the bioreactor was achieved. Methods of preventing the decline of hydrogen production during continuous fermentation were evaluated. Of the techniques evaluated using nitrogen gas to sparge the bioreactor contents proved to be more effective than flushing just the headspace of the bioreactor. Sparging at 0.06 L L min⁻¹ successfully prevented a decline in hydrogen production and resulted in a yield of 27.0  L H₂ kg⁻¹ VS added, over a period of greater than 12 days or 12 HRT. The use of sparging also delayed the build up of acetic acid in the bioreactor, suggesting that it serves to inhibit homoacetogenesis and thus maintain hydrogen production.