资源约束下多项目再调度算法

在项目的执行期间,某个项目的任务由于某些原因导致托期,而使项目不能按照调度计划完成,从而需要对项目进行再调度。针对再调度过程对原项目计划影响最小的目标构建资源约束下多项目再调度的数学模型,并提出了一种启发式算法,最后进行了有效的验证。     

Haptic information in Internet-based teleoperation

Many tasks can be done easily by humans turn out to be very difficult to accomplish with a teleoperated robot. The main reason for this is the lack of tactile sensing, which cannot be replaced by visual feedback alone. Once haptic devices are developed, their potential in many fields is obvious. Especially, in teleoperation systems, where haptic feedback can increase the efficiency and even render some tasks feasible. This paper studies Internet-based teleoperation systems that include haptic feedback, concentrating on the control of such systems and their performance. The potential of this technology and its advantages are explored. In addition, key issues, such as stability, synchronization, and transparency are analyzed and studied. Specifically, an event-based planning and control of Internet-based teleoperation systems is presented with experimental results of several implemented system scenarios in micro- and macro-scales     

软件项目策划的9个基本要点

总结了进行软件项目策划的9个基本要点，涉及到了项目策划的时机．任务的分解．估计的方法．任务之间的依赖关系．任务的优先级以及管理的缓冲预留问题，为软件项目的策划提供了一个简洁实用的指南。     

云环境下服务信任感知的可信动态级调度方法

以社会学中的人际关系信任模型为基础,提出了一种基于服务消费者的服务满意度评价、推荐者的服务推荐和第三方服务性能反馈的可信度量模型。将用户对服务资源的信任需求和服务资源的可信度并入DLS算法得到可信动态级调度算法CTDLS,从而在计算调度级别时考虑服务资源的可信程度。模拟实验表明,该算法能有效满足任务在信任方面的服务质量需求,对提高任务调度的成功率具有实际意义。     

Factors Which Contribute to Project Management Difficulties in Brazilian Industrial Research Institutes

Many South American industrial research institutes are adopting project management concepts and practices as a means of better meeting the needs of the developing industrial sectors for technical development and assistance services. The traditional role of the researcher responsible solely for technical issues is evolving into that of the engineering manager who is responsible for the attainment of technical goals within the constraints of time schedules and budgets. Interviews were conducted with 24 project leaders drawn from two industrial research institutes located in the state of S?o Paulo, Brazil, to identify the factors which they believe contribute to the difficulty of performing selected project management tasks. The results of the rank ordering of selected tasks is as follows: 1) most difficult performing within schedule; 2) performing within budget; 3) establishing project schedule; 4) establishing budget; 5) securing client funding approval; 6) maintaining competent technical support staff on project; 7) maintaining competent professional staff; 8) defining project technical objectives; 9) attaining technical objectives; and 10) least difficult securing institute approval of project. The factors identified by the leaders as contributing to the relative degree of difficulty of each of the tasks were classified into three groups; those factors which exist within the project team, those which exist within the institute, and those which exist within the environment of the institute. Several factors within the project team were identified as contributing to the relative difficulty of establishing and attaining project schedules and budgets.     

Factors Which Contribute to Project Management Difficulties in Brazilian Industrial Research Institutes

Many South American industrial research institutes are adopting project management concepts and practices as a means of better meeting the needs of the developing industrial sectors for technical development and assistance services. The traditional role of the researcher responsible solely for technical issues is evolving into that of the engineering manager who is responsible for the attainment of technical goals within the constraints of time schedules and budgets. Interviews were conducted with 24 project leaders drawn from two industrial research institutes located in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, to identify the factors which they believe contribute to the difficulty of performing selected project management tasks. The results of the rank ordering of selected tasks is as follows: 1) ?most difficult? performing within schedule; 2) performing within budget; 3) establishing project schedule; 4) establishing budget; 5) securing client funding approval; 6) maintaining competent technical support staff on project; 7) maintaining competent professional staff; 8) defining project technical objectives; 9) attaining technical objectives; and 10) ?least difficult? securing institute approval of project. The factors identified by the leaders as contributing to the relative degree of difficulty of each of the tasks were classified into three groups; those factors which exist within the project team, those which exist within the institute, and those which exist within the environment of the institute. Several factors within the project team were identified as contributing to the relative difficulty of establishing and attaining project schedules and budgets.     

物联网关键技术及建网策略研究

本文介绍了物联网的发展背景,对蜂窝物联网NB-IoT和eMTC进行了技术、性能以及应用场景的对比分析,介绍了移动运营商的物联网建网思路、频率规划,对运营商如何科学合理部署物联网提供参考思路。     

R&D/marketing communication during the fuzzy front-end

The planning stage of an innovation project has a great effect on the commercial performance of the project. During the “fuzzy front-end”, the organization formulates a concept of the product to be developed, and determines whether or not the organization will invest resources in the concrete development of the idea. The integration of R&D and marketing activities is a necessary condition for success in innovation projects. The research question of this study is: from an information processing perspective, what role does information transfer play in integrating R&D and marketing functions during the planning stage, and what effects do project formalization and project centralization of R&D and marketing planning activities have on the efficiency of marketing and technological uncertainty reduction? The authors use an ex post facto research design to test the propositional model. The findings show that successful project teams are characterized by a maximum uncertainty reduction during planning, i.e., by a maximum decrease of R&D and marketing task variability, and a maximum increase of R&D and marketing task analyzability. Information flows between these functions help them to achieve this efficient uncertainty reduction. While project centralization has a negative effect on efficient uncertainty reduction, project formalization is curvilinearly related to the amount of uncertainty reduced during planning     

Multiproject staff scheduling with variable resource constraints

An analytical approach and a PC software based solution are presented to a project management problem, in which multiple resources must be allocated to perform both routine tasks and a set of projects with varying levels of priority. The performance of a priority-based decision rule was tested on this project management problem. The model was able to provide division-level management with an effective tool for staff workload planning and program management. A sequential, iterative approach is developed and used to test and evaluate alternative PC commercial software on a set of projects and evolving criteria. A PC commercial software package, with associated heuristics, is demonstrated to provide useful results to multiproject staff scheduling problems in an actual organization     

A simulation-based process model for managing complex design projects

This paper presents a process modeling and analysis technique for managing complex design projects using advanced simulation. The model computes the probability distribution of lead time in a stochastic, resource-constrained project network where iterations take place among sequential, parallel, and overlapped tasks. The model uses the design structure matrix representation to capture the information flows between tasks. We use a simulation-based analysis to account for many realistic aspects of design process behavior which were not possible in previous analytical models. We propose a heuristic for the stochastic, resource-constrained project scheduling problem in an iterative project network. The model can be used for better project planning and control by identifying leverage points for process improvements, and for evaluating alternative planning and execution strategies. An industrial example is provided to illustrate the utility of the model.     

Optimal preventive maintenance scheduling in semiconductor manufacturing

Preventive maintenance (PM) scheduling is a very challenging task in semiconductor manufacturing due to the complexity of highly integrated fab tools and systems, the interdependence between PM tasks, and the balancing of work-in-process (WIP) with demand/throughput requirements. In this paper, we propose a two-level hierarchical modeling framework. At the higher level is a model for long-term planning, and at the lower level is a model for short-term PM scheduling. Solving the lower level problem is the focus of this paper. We develop mixed-integer programming (MIP) models for scheduling all due PM tasks for a group of tools, over a planning horizon. Interdependence among different PM tasks, production planning data such as projected WIP levels, manpower constraints, and associated PM time windows and costs, are incorporated in the model. Results of a simulation study comparing the performance of the model-based PM schedule with that of a baseline reference schedule are also presented.     

基于红外景像生成器NUC的像元能量分析

红外MOS电阻阵列是红外景像生成器中的关键元件,由于微加工工艺过程中存在的不定性导致电阻阵中每个像元的V-T曲线之间存在微小的差异,这种像元之间的差异表现为\     

The Contingent Effects on Project Performance of Conducting Project Reviews and Deploying Project Management Offices

There is little empirical evidence on the benefits of deploying a project management office (PMO) and/or conducting project reviews. Drawing on the information processing view of organizations, goal setting and social cognitive theory, this study investigates the effects of those two organizational mechanisms on the project performance of organizations in the construction and information systems (IS) industries. The results show that the effects on project performance of deploying PMOs and conducting project reviews are contingent on task uncertainty. Construction organizations improve their project performance by conducting project reviews to provide performance feedback to the project teams, enabling them to make timely adjustments to their project management strategies. In contrast, IS services organizations improve their project performance by deploying PMOs to facilitate cross-project learning.     

Distributed In-Network Channel Decoding

Average log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) constitute sufficient statistics for centralized maximum-likelihood block decoding as well as for a posteriori probability evaluation which enables bit-wise (possibly iterative) decoding. By acquiring such average LLRs per sensor it becomes possible to perform these decoding tasks in a low-complexity distributed fashion using wireless sensor networks. At affordable communication overhead, the resultant distributed decoders rely on local message exchanges among single-hop neighboring sensors to achieve iteratively consensus on the average LLRs per sensor. Furthermore, the decoders exhibit robustness to non-ideal inter-sensor links affected by additive noise and random link failures. Pairwise error probability bounds benchmark the decoding performance as a function of the number of consensus iterations. Interestingly, simulated tests corroborating the analytical findings demonstrate that only a few consensus iterations suffice for the novel distributed decoders to approach the performance of their centralized counterparts.     

Team Task Skills as a Facilitator for Application and Development Skills

Software development requires the application of diverse skills from various sources. Often these are considered to be skills in development methodologies, application domains, and accomplishing general team tasks. Previous research, however, fails to establish a direct link between skills present in the development team and successful performance of the software development project. In an attempt to determine a more accurate representation of the importance of skills in the project, we develop a model that considers team task skills as a moderator to the more specific application domain and development methods skills. A survey of software development professionals validates the model indicating that basic skills in completing team tasks facilitate other skills in achieving improved project performance. In the short term, project teams must be formed to include a higher level of team task skills. An organization should also consider team task skills to be primary in hiring and training policies to improve software project performance.      

Symbolic discrete-time planning with continuous numeric action parameters for agent-controlled processes

In industrial domains such as manufacturing control, a trend away from centralized planning and scheduling towards more flexible distributed agent-based approaches could be observed over recent years. To be of practical relevance, the local control mechanisms of the autonomous agents must be able to dependably adhere and dynamically adjust to complex numeric goal systems like business key performance indicators in an economically beneficial way. However, planning with numeric state variables and objectives still poses a challenging task within the field of artificial intelligence (AI).In this article, a new general-purpose AI planning approach is presented that operates in two stages and extends existing domain-independent modeling formalisms like PDDL with continuous (i.e., infinite-domain) numeric action parameters, which are currently still unsupported by state-of-the-art AI planners. In doing so, it enables the solution of mathematical optimization problems at the action level of the planning tasks, which are inherent to many real-world control problems. To deal with certain difficulties concerning reliable and fast detection of action applicability that arise when planning with real-valued action parameters, the implemented planner allows resorting to an adjustable “satisficing” strategy by means of partial execution and subsequent repair of infeasible plans over the course of time. The functioning of the system is evaluated in a multi-agent simulation of a shop floor control scenario with focus on the effects the possible problem cases and different degrees of satisficing have on attained plan quality and total planning time. As the results demonstrate the basic practicability of the approach for the given setting, this contribution constitutes an important step towards the effective and dependable integration of complex numeric goal systems and non-linear multi-criteria optimization tasks into autonomous agent-controlled industrial processes in a reusable, domain-independent way.     

TD-LTE系统中影响容量因素的研究

TD-LTE采用了OFDM、MIMO和AMC等先进技术,因此在容量规划方面表现得更加复杂。为更快地推动TD-LTE的技术研究与商用进程,当前亟需对TD-LTE容量规划技术进行研究。根据TD-LTE系统组网的工程实践,介绍了TD-LTE的容量特性和容量规划的基本原则,分析了影响TD-LTE容量特性的因素,包括资源分配、MIMO技术、同频组网和异频组网对容量的影响,提出了吞吐量计算以及容量分析的方法。研究结果为TD-LTE系统组网提供了参考依据。     

Antecedents and Consequences of Information Systems Planning Integration

Successful utilization of the firm's information technology (IT) investments continues to be a difficult but important task for senior business and information systems managers. This paper focuses on one potentially important determinant of IT investment outcomes-integration of business and IT planning. Integration is examined using three kinds of participation: business managers' participation in IT planning, IT managers' participation in business planning, and top managers' participation in IT resource allocation. Based on considerations of knowledge sharing and commitment, a theoretical model linking these three aspects to three potential consequences-quality of IT plans, IT project problems, and IT-based organization performance-and two antecedents-top managers' perception of IT importance and environmental heterogeneity-is developed. The model is tested using data collected through a survey of 274 chief information officer (CIO) respondents. Results of structural equation modeling analysis support 12 of the 15 hypotheses. Surprisingly, top managers' participation in resource allocation had a stronger association with IT-based organizational performance than either quality of IT plans or the absence of IT project problems. This implies that the role of IT planning and alignment might be weakened when investments reflect top managements' selection. Implications of the study for practice and future research are examined.     

Stability and control of a frontal four-link biped system

A conceptual model, for studying the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in the performance of lateral swaying movements is described. The model is based on a four-link planar biped that approximates gross human locomotion in the frontal plane. The viscoelastic function of the musculoskeletal system provides a linear controller for the system. Such an intrinsic controller can effectively duplicate simple well-learned tasks in the absence of higher level CNS feedback. This hypothesis is supported by comparing the proposed controller with two neurophysiologically involved linear decoupling schemes. Reference trajectories for swaying commands are recorded from experiments conducted in the Gait Analysis Laboratory of the Ohio State University Hospitals. These reference trajectories are inputs to all three controllers. The viability of intrinsic feedback scheme in the execution of swaying tasks is demonstrated via comparison of responses from the three controllers