研究柴油机传热的表面温度法

本文介绍了一种柴油机燃烧室瞬态传热的实验研究方法——表面温度法。通过实测柴油机燃烧室表面的瞬态温度与平均热流,较准确地确定柴油机燃烧室局部表面的瞬态热流。文中从理论和实测两个方面分析了作者研制的表面瞬态温度传感器——薄膜热电偶的动态特性,介绍了柴油机燃烧室表面瞬态温度与传热的研究工作。     

陶瓷发动机燃烧室不稳定传热的数值分析

本文提出了一个在瞬态对流和热辐射边界条件下,陶瓷发动机燃烧室不稳定传热二维数值分析模型。其中,燃烧室零件的不稳定热传导采用了轴对称有限(?)法,瞬态对流和热辐射边界条件由发动机循环模拟模型得到。该模型可以用来预测陶瓷燃烧室表面薄层的温度波分布、瞬态温度场以及瞬态热流分布等。本文还讨论了陶瓷镀层厚度和发功机转速对温度波动现象的影响,并以活塞和缸套为例,介绍了在陶瓷燃烧室内所发生的瞬态传热过程。     

低散热发动机表面传热研究的一种新方法

本文探索了一种低散热发动机陶瓷涂层表面传热的实验研究方法─—表面温度法。通过实测低散热发动机燃烧室陶瓷涂层表面的瞬态温度与平均热流，可较准确地计算低散热发动机陶瓷涂层表面的局部瞬态热流。文中着重介绍了陶瓷涂层表面瞬态热流的具体求解方法。     

低散热发动机表面传热研究的一种新方法

本文探索了一种低散热发动机陶瓷涂层表面传热的实验研究方法－表面温度法。通过实测低散热发动机燃烧室陶瓷涂层表面的瞬态温度与平均热流，可较准确地计算低散热发动机陶瓷涂层表面的局部瞬态热流。文中着重介绍了陶瓷涂层表面瞬态热流的具体求解方法。     

燃烧室部件传热时间非均匀性对柴油机整体性能影响的研究

将所有燃烧室部件(气缸盖-气缸套-活塞组-润滑油膜)作为一个耦合体,在对耦合体进行瞬态传热数值模拟的基础上,利用分区求解、边界耦合法建立缸内工作过程与燃烧室部件的耦合传热计算模型,从而实现缸内工作过程与燃烧室部件的耦合仿真模拟,以此考察燃烧室部件传热时间非均匀性对发动机性能的影响.结果表明:燃烧室部件表面的非均匀温度分布对常规金属柴油机的动力性、经济性和排放性能的影响十分微小,对传热性能有一定影响,但幅度也小于1%.因此在常规柴油机整体性能的准维模拟预测中,可以忽略燃烧室部件传热时间非均匀性的影响.     

燃烧室部件耦合系统循环瞬态传热模型的研究

引言 内燃机传热全仿真模拟是由缸内燃气与燃烧室部件以及燃烧室部件之间的耦合传热这两大部分组成的。其中燃烧室部件整体耦合系统的传热研究相当困难,这是因为活塞组与气缸套间的相对运动,使得确定运动部分的边界条件成了系统耦合传热模拟的最大难点,而这边界条件恰恰是影响模拟精度的关键。为此,本文将主要研究活塞组与缸套相对运动边界上的传热过程,并建立循环瞬态耦合传热仿真数学模型。１活塞组一缸套耦合系统的传热模型假设 在由活塞组和缸套组成的耦合系统中,活塞组和缸套是互为边界的。本文采用迭代算法来解决这部分边界条件…     

柴油机燃烧室壁面积炭层及其表面瞬态传热

本文在一台单缸直喷式柴油机上，用快速响应表面热电偶首先测量了倒拖运行时缸盖清洁壁面不同位置的瞬态温度，接着在经历一段时间的着火变工况运行后，当热电偶热结点覆盖有积炭层时，重复上述实验，结果表明，表面积炭后瞬态温度波动减弱，平均温度下降，由此计算机得到的传热率峰值降低，峰值相位滞后，文章提出了一种定量计算燃烧室壁面积炭导厚度和炭表面瞬态温度的方法，并依据测量数据给出了研究结果。     

柴油机缸内瞬态辐射换热实验研究

本介绍了作研制的内燃机缸内瞬态传热研究应用的总热流与辐射热流传感器。应用过渡状态的测试方法，尽可能减少了燃烧室内积碳对传感器的污染，从而提高了瞬态辐射热流的测试精度。实测单缸风冷柴油机缸内局部瞬态辐射热流的结果表明，瞬态辐射热流主要发生在压缩上止点及之后５０°ＣＡ￣７０°ＣＡ；循环平均辐射热流与实测总热流平均值比较，辐射热流占总热流的相对值可达２０％以上；随柴油机负荷增大，其相对值呈上升趋势。     

内燃机缸内传热过程的探讨及其进展

本文论述了目前内燃机缸内传热研究的发展。对缸内传热的研究方法,主要是对表面温度法进行了探讨,并将缸内传热模型的发展划分为三个阶段。文中综合介绍了利用表面温度法对缸内传热所进行的实验研究,并用无损方法测量了内燃机燃烧室陶瓷隔热表面的瞬态温度。实验结果表明,用氧化锆隔热,取得了减少传热的明显效果。作者还对内燃机缸内传热研究中的某些问题进行了较为深入的讨论。     

中心回燃式燃油锅炉燃烧室实验研究

中心回燃式锅炉自引进以来一直没有一种理想的燃烧室传热计算方法，本文根据中心回燃式锅炉燃烧室内射流火焰与回流烟气之间存在着强烈的掺混，认为燃烧室传热计算中不应忽略对流换热。提出了适合中心回燃式锅炉燃烧室传热的计算方法，并通过实验加以验证。     

燃烧室部件耦合系统过渡工况传热全仿真模拟研究

内燃机的起动、停车、加载等运行工况发生急剧变化（过渡工况）过程中,其燃烧室部位外于强烈地被加热或被冷却状态。这种热冲击增加了部件的动态疲劳热应力,给内燃机的可靠性带来严重恶果,是导致燃烧室部位破裂的主要原因之一。燃烧室部件的传热研究是热负荷计算和评定的基础,对内燃机的可靠性设计具有重要意义。作对燃烧室部件活塞组气缸套耦合系统在过渡工况下的耦合传热关系进行了较深入的研究,建立了描述这一传热过程的数学模型;并利用该模型,模拟了125风冷柴油机在各种过渡工况下的传热情况。     

Effect of heat transfer space non-uniformity of combustion chamber components on in-cylinder heat transfer in diesel engine

Combustion chamber components (cylinder head-cylinder liner-piston assembly-oil film) were treated as a coupled body. Based on the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the heat transfer of the coupled body, a coupled three-dimensional calculation model for the in-cylinder working process and the combustion chamber components was built with domain decomposition and boundary coupling method, which adopts the coupled three-dimensional simulation of in-cylinder working process and the combustion chamber components. The model was applied in the investigation of the influence of space non-uniformity in heat transfer among combustion chamber components on in-cylinder heat transfer. The results show that the effect of wall temperature space non-uniform distribution of combustion chamber components on heat transfer happens mainly at the end of the compression stroke and expansion stroke. Therefore, it can be concluded that wall temperature space non-uniform distribution of combustion chamber components would influence heat transfer during the intake and exhaust stroke obviously.     

A heat transfer model for the analysis of transient heating of the slab in a direct-fired walking beam type reheating furnace

A mathematical heat transfer model for the prediction of heat flux on the slab surface and temperature distribution in the slab has been developed by considering the thermal radiation in the furnace chamber and transient heat conduction governing equations in the slab, respectively. The furnace is modeled as radiating medium with spatially varying temperature and constant absorption coefficient. The steel slabs are moved on the next fixed beam by the walking beam after being heated up through the non-firing, charging, preheating, heating, and soaking zones in the furnace. Radiative heat flux calculated from the radiative heat exchange within the furnace modeled using the FVM by considering the effect of furnace wall, slab, and combustion gases is introduced as the boundary condition of the transient conduction equation of the slab. Heat transfer characteristics and temperature behavior of the slab is investigated by changing such parameters as absorption coefficient and emissivity of the slab. Comparison with the experimental work show that the present heat transfer model works well for the prediction of thermal behavior of the slab in the reheating furnace.     

燃气轮机动力装置低NOx燃烧室火焰管冷却过程的传热强化

在分析和比较强化燃烧室火焰管外壁面空气冷却传热过程的主要方法和基础上,提出了燃烧室冷却系统的改进方案,并对改进后的燃烧室冷却系统进行了试验研究。基于试验数据,对燃烧室筒体和环形冷却流道进行了传热分析,得出了一系列对进行燃烧室冷却过程的传热强化以及燃烧室冷却系统设计有指导意义的结论。     

内燃机冷却系统中应用纳米流体强化传热研究综述

内燃机工作时依赖冷却系统将多余热量及时带走以保证燃烧室核心部件及润滑油膜的正常工作温度。常规内燃机冷却介质导热系数偏低,而新一代强化传热工质纳米流体具有明显提升的传热性能,应用于内燃机冷却系统有利于强化内燃机传热及提高热管理性能。且由于纳米流体的传热性能受纳米粒子的种类、大小、浓度、形状等因素影响,可以通过改变这些因素控制内燃机冷却水腔的传热量。综述了国内外研究者针对纳米流体导热系数与对流换热性能开展的试验测试、理论分析和计算机模拟研究工作,以及纳米流体应用于内燃机冷却系统中强化传热的进展,最后指出当前研究工作的不足及未来工作方向。     

横火焰玻璃窑炉燃烧空间流动与传热的数值模拟

对横火焰玻璃窑炉燃烧空间内的流动、燃烧及辐射传热等过程进行了数值模拟研究,建立了玻璃窑炉燃烧空间内的综合数学模型,给出了诸控制方程的统一的数值解法,得到了炉内燃烧空间的速度场、温度场、组分浓度分布及燃烧空间向玻璃液面传递的热流分布。     

内燃机缸内零件系统传热的计算机模拟进展

本文综合介绍了内燃机缸内零件系统传热计算机模拟的国际和国内现状，并介绍了作者目前正在进行的缸内耦合三维零件系统传热的研究情况。由于缸内零件传热的计算机模拟是未来内燃机虚拟设计的关键技术，因而有必要对缸内零件的分析历史和现状进行综合探讨。     

Heat transfer in HCCI multi-zone modeling: Validation of a new wall heat flux correlation under motoring conditions

The present study focuses on the development and a preliminary validation of a heat transfer model for the estimation of wall heat flux in HCCI engines via multi-zone modeling. The multi-zone model describes heat flow between zones and to the combustion chamber wall. Mass, species and enthalpy transfer, which affect the temperature field within the combustion chamber, are also considered between zones, accounting for the convective heat transfer terms. The multi-zone heat transfer model presented herein has been developed for HCCI combustion simulation and although it has been used in the past, its validation was based on cylinder pressure data under firing conditions. In the present study a more accurate validation of the model is conducted. This is achieved by comparing the multi-zone model heat loss rate predictions to the corresponding predictions of a validated CFD code. The cases examined correspond to actual motoring cases, against which the CFD code has been validated in a previous work. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is presented, to assess the effect of the zone configuration, i.e. zone thickness and number, on the predicted heat loss rate and temperature profiles. In addition, a comparison is made between the results obtained from the proposed heat flux correlation and one in which the temperature gradient at the wall is approximated via finite differences.     

Investigation of the Heat Transfer Characteristics

In the present study a numerical investigation of the heat transfer in an annular combustion chamber of a typical industrial gas turbine was done using a Galerkin-based finite-element solution of the problem. Results were obtained for three basic cases: constant flux incident on the entire combustion segment, constant flux in three quadrants of the chamber and a different magnitude constant flux in the other quadrant, and different magnitude fluxes on the upstream and downstream portions of the chamber. The chamber Biot numbers, dimensionless heat flux, and dimensionless structural wall and thermal barrier coating thicknesses were found to have a crucial effect on the chamber temperature distribution. It was shown that changing the magnitude of the heat flux in a single quadrant prominently alters the temperatures throughout the wall in this area, leading to exceedingly steep temperature gradients. It was also found that any step decrease in downstream incident flux leads to a sharp drop in temperatures at the interface of the thermal barrier coating and the combustion gases.     

燃气热水锅炉回燃室裂纹分析

对卧式内燃（WNS）燃气热水锅炉回燃室裂纹进行分析,计算不同燃料特性对回燃室温度的影响,并且运用简化传热模型,计算出水垢对回燃室不同位置金属壁温的作用,认为水循环不充分导致水垢的出现使传热受阻,管口形式存在不合理,总结出热疲劳裂纹出现的原因。