Riboflavin Phototransformation on the Changes of Antioxidant Capacities in Phenolic Compounds

Eight phenolic compounds including: p‐coumaric acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, trolox, quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol were treated with riboflavin (RF) photosensitization and in vitro antioxidant capacities of the mixtures were determined by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’ azino bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Mixtures containing p‐coumaric acid and vanillic acid under RF photosensitization showed increases in ferric ion reducing ability and radical scavenging activity of DPPH, whereas mixtures of other compounds had decreases in both radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Hydroxycoumaric acid and conjugated hydroxycoumaric and coumaric acids were tentatively identified from RF photosensitized p‐coumaric acid, whereas dimmers of vanillic acid were tentatively identified from RF photosensitized vanillic acid. RF photosensitization may be a useful method to enhance antioxidant properties like ferric ion reducing abilities of some selected phenolic compounds.     

黑麦水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖制备及其在面包生产中应用

该文采用黑麦粉,经过加热提取,乙醇沉淀后得到的黑麦水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖,作为功能性食品添加剂应用于面包生产中,探讨黑麦阿拉伯水溶性木聚糖对面包品质的影响。结果表明:面粉中添加黑麦阿拉伯水溶性木聚糖能改善面粉品质,增加面包体积;另外,因其具有较高的持水性,可减缓淀粉老化,延长面包货架期,提高面包品质。     

Effect of Initial Baking and Storage Time on Pasting Properties and Aging of Par-Baked and Rebaked Rye Bread

Part-baked rye bread with and without Ca-propionate (0.2 g/100 flour) were baked for 10, 15, 20 minutes at 230°C and stored at refrigerator temperature (4°C) for 10, 20, 30 days then second-baked for 5, 10, 15 minutes at the same temperature to give an oven-fresh end product. The effect of antimicrobial additive (Ca-propionate), part-baking, storage in refrigerator and rebaking on quality parameters such as yield of volume and crumb softness, water activity and pasting properties of rye bread crumb was evaluated. Addition of Ca-propionate increased bump area, while yield of volume and softness values of rye bread crumb decreased. The increase in initial baking time caused a decrease in the pasting temperature, water activity, and softness value and an increase in the bump area and viscosity of the rebaked bread crumb. Bump area and pasting temperature of rebaked rye bread crumb increased with longer (intermediate storage) time, while viscosity, yield of volume, water activity, and softness values decreased. A strong negative correlation was observed between pasting temperature and other parameters, which are bump area, peak viscosity, holding end viscosity, cooling end viscosity, and softness value for rye bread that was rebaked after part-baked and storing at refrigerator temperature. The re-baking rye bread after part-baking for 10 and 15 minutes and storage for 7, 14, and 21 days at refrigerator temperature gave softer crumb than the control group.     

添加麦芽粉和抗坏血酸对面包烘焙品质的影响

研究添加麦芽粉和抗坏血酸对面包烘焙品质的影响。以河南和山东2个小麦主要生产省的29个代表性品种样品为材料,用布勒实验磨制粉后,在面包基础配方上设置添加组和未添加组,研究添加麦芽粉和抗坏血酸后面包感官评分、质构及C-Cell图像分析变化。结果表明,添加麦芽粉和抗坏血酸后,可明显提高面包体积、体积评分、外观评分和最终综合评分,使面包冠变大,颈变明显;对面包芯色泽、质地和纹理的改善作用不明显。质构分析中面包的硬度和韧性均明显减小,衰减比例无明显变化。C-Cell指标中的面包切片面积、切片周长、气孔数量、平均气孔密度值均明显增大,切片亮度和气孔直径明显降低。仪器评价指标与面包感观评价中部分参数存在相关关系。     

马铃薯粉对面包烘焙特性与风味化合物的影响

以小麦面包为对照,研究马铃薯粉添加量为15%对面包烘焙特性的影响,并应用电子鼻以及顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析马铃薯面包挥发性风味化合物的特征。结果表明,马铃薯粉的添加对面包的品质影响显著,马铃薯粉使面包的比容提高到4.12 mL/g,水分含量增加了7%,硬度减小了6 N,水分活度降低,面包的色泽和总体可接受程度明显提高,保质期和烘焙品质得到有效改善;对于风味,电子鼻主成分贡献率为97.3%,说明电子鼻能够很好地区分小麦面包和马铃薯面包的风味;顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析结果表明小麦面包和马铃薯面包的主要挥发性成分为酯类物质,添加马铃薯粉使各类风味化合物的相对含量发生变化,其中马铃薯面包中含有异薄荷酮、对薄荷-3-烯、1-甲基-4-(1-甲基亚乙基)-环己烯、丙二酸二乙酯等风味化合物,烯烃类物质相对含量和种类明显增多。     

外源抗氧化剂对馒头抗氧化性及贮藏期感官品质的影响

本研究比较了在馒头加工贮藏中添加外源抗氧化剂维生素C(Vc)+大豆卵磷脂、维生素E(VE)+大豆卵磷脂两种处理组与对照组的馒头比容、老化及感官品质。通过采用DPPH自由基清除法(DPPH法)和铁还原比色法(FRAP法)探讨了外源抗氧化剂对馒头加工贮藏中内源抗氧化剂多酚的含量及其抗氧化性变化的影响。试验表明,馒头制作时添加了Vc、VE和大豆卵磷脂,可以使馒头松软,在12~48 h的贮藏时间抑制馒头的老化;比容比对照高0.67~0.81 m L/g可以极显著增大馒头的比容(p0.01);馒头的感官品质总评均明显高于对照组;增强了馒头加工贮藏中的DPPH自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力,即抗氧化性;然而,无论在馒头加工还是贮藏过程中其多酚含量变化不显著(p0.05)。总的来说,在馒头加工贮藏中添加外源抗氧化剂Vc、VE和大豆卵磷脂,综合改善了馒头的品质。     

Antioxidant Capacity and Antioxidant Content in Roots of 4 Sweetpotato Varieties

Abstract: The antioxidant contents (β-carotene, chlorogenic acid, and vitamin C) as well as the antioxidant capacity (ORAC, FRAP, and ABTS) of 4 sweetpotato varieties were measured in this study. The sweetpotato varieties were cultivated under different water regimes and also subjected to thermal processing. The results show that the 2 orange-fleshed varieties (Resisto and W-119) contain significant more β-carotene, chlorogenic acid, and vitamin C than the 2 cream-fleshed varieties (Bosbok and Ndou). Thermal processing decreased the carotenoid and vitamin C content of all the varieties but increased the chlorogenic acid content and antioxidant capacity. Drought stress appears to increase the β-carotene, vitamin C, and chlorogenic acid contents as well as the antioxidant capacity of some of the sweetpotato varieties, especially W-119.     

Effect of Lipid Extraction Process on Performance of Texturized Soy Flour Added Wheat Bread

ABSTRACT: Wheat breads were prepared to contain 0%, 2%, 6%, or 12% non-solvent extracted texturized soy flour (NSETSF) or solvent extracted texturized soy flour (SETSF) to evaluate their effects on instrumental and sensory characteristics. To compare the effects of added dough enhancers versus those contained in lip id-extracted soy flour, a sucrose ester was included in some formulations. Both soy flours produced comparable loaves relative to percent inclusion. Texture analysis and trained sensory panel evaluation indicated that SETSF loaves were softer than NSETSF loaves. The consumer panel found bread with 12% NSETSF similar to the control. Texturized, lipid-extracted soy flours added to wheat breads produced a "sucrose ester"-like property.     

Enrichment of Antioxidant Capacity and Vitamin E in Pita Made from Barley

This study aimed to enhance total antioxidant and vitamin E content of pita bread, by replacing 50% of the standard baker's flour with flours milled from covered (WI2585 and Harrington) or hulless (Finniss) barley genotypes, previously shown to have high antioxidant and vitamin E levels at harvest. Pita breads were made from either 100% baker's flour (control) or 50% malt flour, whole‐grain flour, or flour from barley grains pearled at 10%, 15%, and 20% grain weight. Antioxidant capacity and vitamin E content of flours and pitas were determined by their ability to scavenge 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radicals and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The physical and sensory properties of the pitas were also assessed. All pitas made from either whole grain or pearled barley flour had a higher antioxidant capacity and most also had higher vitamin E content than standard pita. The antioxidant and vitamin E levels were reduced in pearled compared to whole grains, however the extent of that reduction varied among genotypes. The greatest antioxidant and vitamin E levels were found in pita made from malt flour or Finniss whole grain flour. Furthermore, sensory analysis suggested these pitas were acceptable to consumers and retained similar physical and sensory properties to those in the control pita.     

蒸汽爆破预处理对粉葛总黄酮及抗氧化性的影响

实验选取爆破压力1.0、2.0 MPa,维持压力时间30、40、60、80 s,对粉葛进行预处理。利用紫外分光光度法表征爆破前后总黄酮的变化,旨在探讨蒸汽爆破预处理对粉葛总黄酮及抗氧化性的影响。抗氧化活性利用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）清除率进行评价。结果表明：经过蒸汽爆破预处理后,粉葛的总黄酮提取量、甲醇提取物得率和抗氧化性得到显著提高。在最优处理条件下,总黄酮（以葛根素计）提取量达到5.43 mg/g,是未经预处理粉葛提取量的2.32 倍;甲醇提取物得率为16.92%;抗氧化活性得到显著增加,DPPH清除活性的半数抑制浓度（50% inhibitory concentration,IC50）由30.65 g/L降低至10.10 g/L。将蒸汽爆破预处理应用于粉葛活性物质的提取,可实现提取量和抗氧化能力的有效提高。     

糯米粉添加量对复配粉的理化性质及馒头品质的影响

糯米粉由于直链淀粉含量很低而被赋予其独特的理化性质。将糯米粉与小麦粉进行复配,研究不同添加量对复配粉粉质特性、糊化黏度和面团流变学的影响,同时采用质构和感官评价的方法对馒头的品质进行评价,优化得到最佳复配比例。结果表明:随着糯米粉比例的增加,复配粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度和衰减值显著提高,糊化温度降低,面团的稳定性降低,粉质指数减小,同时改善了馒头的质地口感。当糯米粉添加量为10%~15%时使馒头的综合品质最佳,且对馒头的质构和感官特性有较大改善。     

杂种小麦面包烘焙品质的优势效应

选用 6个小麦亲本及其配制的 6个杂种F1代为实验材料 ,对其面包的烘焙特性及有关性状的亲子相关进行了分析研究。结果表明 ,小麦杂种F1代面包烘烤特性的优势效应因组合的不同差异很大 ,烟优36 1/LK90 6杂种具有较高的面包比容值 (4 .6 6mL·g- 1) ,其评分最高 (83分 ) ,超双亲平均值 9.93% ,为正向效应 ,其效应主要来自对面包感官特性的改良 ,为 12 .38%。说明利用小麦杂种优势提高面包烘焙品质是有效的     

几种改良剂对板栗面包焙烤品质及老化指标的影响

采用单因素实验,研究了黄原胶、α-淀粉酶、单甘酯三种面包改良剂对板栗面包焙烤品质及老化指标的影响。实验结果表明：黄原胶的添加对板栗面包的感官品质及老化指标均产生了显著影响,当添加量为板栗粉及面包粉总重的1%时,板栗面包具有良好的焙烤品质,贮存7天后,其硬度比对照组下降了9%;不同添加量的单甘酯对板栗面包的老化均有延缓作用,但对面包的焙烤品质均产生负面影响;当α-淀粉酶添加量为0.01%或0.005%时,板栗面包的抗老化效果及焙烤性能均好于对照组,但当添加量较高时,面包焙烤品质骤然下降。     

超声处理对琯溪蜜柚果皮中酚酸含量及抗氧化性的影响

应用超声波强化提取琯溪蜜柚果皮中的酚酸组分,探讨超声因素(超声时间、温度、超声能量)对酚酸含量及抗氧化性的影响。利用高效液相色谱检测琯溪蜜柚果皮中的7种酚酸含量;分别采用福林酚法及铁离子还原力法(FRAP法)对超声提取物的抗氧化性进行评价。结果表明：琯溪蜜柚果皮中芥子酸含量最高,7种酚酸含量均随超声时间和温度的增加而增加,但是在40℃超声处理60min后造成酚酸含量的显著降低,同样超声功率对酚酸含量也有积极的影响。此外,超声时间、温度及超声功率对总酚含量也呈现出显著的影响。超声处理后,总酚与抗氧化能力(TEAC值)有良好的线性关系,在30、40℃的提取温度(分别处理10、20、30、45、60min)和4个超声功率(3.2、8、30、56W)水平下,R2依次为0.8832、0.8874、0.9397,表明琯溪蜜柚皮中提取物的抗氧化性可能与总酚有关,超声处理可以显著提高琯溪蜜柚果皮提取物的抗氧化能力。     

木糖添加量对面团流变学特性与面包品质的影响

添加木糖代替面包配方中的蔗糖,采用直接发酵法制作木糖面包。采用粉质仪法、拉伸仪法测定添加木糖前后面团的流变学特性,研究木糖添加量对面团流变学特性和面包品质的影响。结果表明:木糖添加量越高,面团的粉质指数越低,稳定和断裂时间越短,软化度和公差指数越高;添加木糖可使面团的吸水量减少,对形成时间无影响。随木糖添加量的增加,面团的拉伸能量、拉伸阻力和拉伸比降低,而延伸度增加;但是随醒发时间的增加,木糖添加量与拉伸特性各指标间相关系数降低,木糖对面团拉伸特性的影响效果减弱。配方中添加1.5%的蔗糖即可满足面包酵母生长需求。添加木糖对面包的规则度影响较小,但可使面包的体积和比容变小,感官品质变差;木糖添加量3.0%时面包硬度最小,超过3.0%时面包体积、比容和感官得分明显降低。添加木糖可提高面包的水分保持能力和抗氧化能力,对酸度和酸价无影响。     

Effect of Barley Flour on Quality of Balady Bread

Balady bread was prepared from barley flour (Rum and ACSAD 176 flour) with local wheat flour (Unified and Zero flour). Chemical, physical, and sensory analysis of the bread was performed. The results showed that there were variations in physical and chemical properties, between different barley varieties, barley flour, and the bread. This study showed that barley flour can be mixed with wheat flour to provide Balady bread that is acceptable to the consumer by 15 and 30%. Additional portions of barley flour resulted in harder bread, darker color, non uniform-shaped loaf, and unacceptable quality for the consumer. The results also showed a better quality of unified wheat flour compared to Zero wheat flour, which was mixed with barley flours; Rum and ACSAD 176 produced a better overall bread quality that was acceptable to the consumers.     

滁菊粉对面团特性和面包风味及其抗氧化活性的影响

为探究将滁菊粉应用至面包加工中,对面团特性以及面包风味、抗氧化活性的影响,采用Mixolab 2混合试验仪对面团热机械学特性进行测定,并利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱法检测及分析面包中的挥发性风味物质,同时测定面包对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二胺盐（2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate),ABTS）阳离子自由基的清除能力以及面包中的总黄酮含量。结果显示,滁菊粉的加入显著增加了面团的吸水率同时降低了淀粉的峰值黏度和回生值,与对照面包相比,滁菊面包的风味物质含量更加丰富,其中d-樟脑为滁菊的特征风味成分,通过主成分分析得到2种样品的挥发性风味成分存在明显差异。在抗氧化活性方面,滁菊面包的总黄酮含量为260.47 mg/100 g,明显高于对照面包,且对DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基的清除率均大于对照组。综上可知,面包中添加滁菊粉能够丰富面包的风味成分同时提高面包的抗氧化活性,为滁菊在面包类焙烤食品...