一种螺旋悬臂梁结构压电能量收集器

提出了一种螺旋悬臂梁结构的可植入式压电能量收集器,这种结构的能量收集器可为植入式医疗器件供电。螺旋结构的设计一方面可以使悬臂梁从多个方向的振动中吸收能量,另一方面还可以降低谐振频率。提出的悬臂梁整体结构厚度为40 μm,宽度为1 mm,整体外部大小为 9 mm×9 mm。该结构中,悬臂梁的末端附上质量块,进一步降低悬臂梁的谐振频率。该收集器的谐振频率为66 Hz,当施加的激励为1g加速度时,输出开路电压为2.2 V,输出功率为4.8 μW。     

MEMS压电-磁电复合式振动能量采集器

具有高能量输出密度的自我供电振动能量采集技术有着迫切的应用需求,是智能化MEMS器件系统发展的重要方向。研究了一种可将外界环境振动能转化为电能的MEMS压电-磁电复合振动能量采集器,其综合了压电发电和磁电发电的优势,为新型MEMS供电研究提供了新思路。利用溶胶-凝胶工艺完成锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电功能薄膜的制备,采用MEMS加工技术完成器件四悬臂梁-中心质量块基础结构的设计和制作,结合集成封装技术实现微结构与永磁铁的微组装。测试结果表明:在一阶谐振频率247 Hz,10 g加速度激励的振动状态下,器件压电部分压电敏感单元与磁电部分电感线圈的单位体积最大有效输出电压分别为2.066×107和5.002×106 mV/cm3。     

基于压电效应的MEMS振动式微能源器件

设计了一种硅基压电功能材料的四悬臂梁-中心质量块结构MEMS振动式微能源器件,可将环境振动能量有效转化为电能。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备硅基锆钛酸铅(PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3,PZT)压电功能薄膜,经干/湿法刻蚀和溅射沉积等MEMS工艺实现器件功能结构的制备。研制的器件整体结构尺寸为7 000μm×7 000μm×300μm,单个PZT压电单元面积为0.149 6 mm2。将悬臂梁上4个压电单元串联以实现输出最大化,测试结果表明,器件的谐振频率为300 Hz,适于低频振动环境;输出电压在一定范围内随加速度增加而增大;在加速度为10 g时压电单元单位面积输出电压达1.19 mV/mm2。     

新型MEMS压电微能源驱动的乳化液泵站ZigBee振动监测系统研究

为确保矿用乳化液泵站安全运行,提出一种基于新型MEMS压电能量收集器的振动状态监测系统。器件为八悬臂梁-中心质量块结构,利用MEMS加工工艺制造,总体尺寸为7000 μm×7000 μm×400 μm;能源管理模块以LTC3331为核心设计,可稳定输出3.3 V直流电压;无线传感网络基于ZigBee技术构建,终端节点的振动加速度采样率控制在10 Hz。经振动台系统测试表明,微能源阵列输出电压最大可达1.47 V,系统供电稳定性较好;在30 m内节点具有良好的传输可靠性和实时性     

风车型低频压电振动能量采集器的研究与设计

基于微机电系统（MEMS）设计了风车型结构的压电振动能量采集器,通过压电效应将低频振动能量转化为电能,用以解决环境中低频能量采集的问题。风车型结构的压电振动能量采集器以硅为基底,以PZT 5A为压电材料,包含上、下电极;4条悬臂梁旋转连接中心质量块与四周固定端,类似于风车结构。数学建模与有限元仿真分析表明,在结构尺寸与材料相同的情况下,圆弧风车型结构的谐振频率较直接连接、直角连接结构的谐振频率更低;4条悬臂梁距离中心质量块越远,谐振频率越低;在0.1g(g=9.8 m/s2)加速度谐振状态下,输出电压约为6.2 V,最大位移接近1.2 mm。基于MEMS工艺,通过IntelliSuite软件研究和定义了风车型振动能量采集器的工艺流程。     

一种直角螺旋悬臂梁结构的压电能量收集器

提出了一种2π弧度的直角螺旋悬臂梁结构的压电能量收集器。该设计一方面可以降低谐振频率,另一方面可以提高单位体积的能量收集效率。悬臂梁整体结构厚度为2 mm,宽度为6 mm,整体尺寸大小为22 mm×26 mm。当施加的激励为0.1g加速度时,仿真输出电压为1.95 V,测量输出电压为1.8 V,相对电压误差为7.7%;仿真谐振频率为269 Hz,测量谐振频率为265 Hz,相对频率误差为1.5%;理论输出功率为7.04μW,测试输出功率最大为5.79μW,相对功率误差为17.8%。该压电能量收集器适用于便携式微电子系统。     

一种“回”字形多方向压电能量收集方法

该文介绍了一种“回”字形的多方向微型压电振动能量收集装置,其由尺寸为34 mm×2 mm×1 mm的正方形边框包围,内部结构包含4个非对称的组合悬臂梁,主悬臂梁固定于边框内壁,并与z 方向垂直,次悬臂梁连接在主悬臂梁的末端质量块上。首先建立基础激励条件下组合悬臂梁振动系统的动力学模型。然后,通过有限元仿真分析对比了不同刚度和质量对位移幅值的影响,验证了组合悬臂梁系统的振动特性,并确定了最佳结构参数值:当主、次悬臂梁厚度均为0.3 mm,主、次质量块的最佳惯性质量分别为619.32 g、342.3 g。经仿真计算得到z 方向可输出电能功率为3.138 5 mW,x、y 方向可输出功率均为0.720 5 mW。最后搭建微型能量收集器实验平台,在实际测试中z 方向的输出功率为2.85 mW,x、y 方向的输出功率均为0.57 mW。     

低频压电式MEMS振动能量采集器研究

设计了一种低频压电d31模式的"八悬臂梁-中心质量块"结构微机电系统(MEMS)振动能量采集器,实现环境振动能量向电能的转换。首先利用溶胶-凝胶工艺实现PZT压电薄膜的异质集成制造,单个锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电敏感单元的有效尺寸为935μm×160μm×1.5μm;然后通过MEMS加工工艺完成器件微结构的加工制造,器件结构有效体积为9.936×10~(-4)cm~3;最后借助振动测试系统对该器件的各项输出性能进行测试。测试结果表明,谐振频率为60Hz、加速度激励为1g(g=9.8m/s~2)时,该能量采集器的输出电压峰-峰值为232mV。在其两端加载3.0 MΩ的负载时最大输出功率为6×10~(-4)μW,输出功率密度为0.604μW/cm~3,PZT压电敏感单元有效面积下的输出功率密度为0.025μW/cm~2。     

一种应用于TPMS的梯形阵列式能量收集器

基于汽车运动过程,研究了宽车速范围的微型振动能量收集器,提出了一种应用于胎压监测系统(TPMS)的梯形阵列式压电振动能量收集器。在优化固有频率的情况下,对能量收集器的结构参数进行了仿真优化设计。仿真结果表明,在最优结构参数下,车速范围为80~120 km/h时,能量收集器的输出功率范围为1 620~9 600 μW。该能量收集器可以工作在较宽车速范围,输出功率高。这为TPMS的无线供电提供了新的设计思路。     

微压电式振动能量采集器的研究进展

给出了微压电式振动能量采集器的基本工作原理和物理模型。按照压电单元结构类型的不同,将其分为单一的直线型悬臂梁、直线型悬臂梁阵列、L型悬臂梁和圆形压电膜,分别讨论了各种类型的微压电振动能量采集器的优缺点。详细介绍了国内外各研究小组研制的微压电式振动能量采集器的结构参数、性能及其应用现状,分析针对目前研究中存在的问题,指出如果能在分析建模、压电结构及压电材料优化方面取得实质性进展,微压电振动能量采集器作为新型供能设备在MEMS系统和低功耗无线传感网络中的应用将会具有更加诱人的前景。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.