Experimental study on shear behavior of box section bamboo-steel composite beams

为研究以冷弯薄壁型钢和竹材人造板通过结构胶复合而成的箱形截面钢-竹组合梁的受剪性能,以梁截面的翼缘及腹板竹胶板厚度、型钢翼缘宽度和剪跨比等为主要参数,对6根钢-竹组合箱形梁进行受剪试验,观察各级荷载作用下组合梁的应变和挠度发展,分析其破坏过程和破坏机理,研究组合梁受剪性能的影响因素,探讨钢-竹组合箱形梁的受剪承载力及变形计算方法。研究结果表明：钢-竹组合箱形梁整体工作性能优良且组合效应显著,其受力过程经历弹性和弹塑性两个阶段,具有良好的延性和安全储备;增加翼缘和腹板处竹胶板厚度可提高组合梁的受剪承载力,减小剪跨比可有效提高组合梁的受剪能力,同时适当减小型钢翼缘宽度能使梁的受剪性能进一步增强;采用所提出的组合梁的跨中挠度计算公式得到的计算值与试验值吻合较好,组合梁受剪承载力的计算公式所得结果偏于保守。     

Fatigue strength evaluation of welded structural details in corrugated steel web girders

Fatigue strength evaluation of welded structural details is of practical significance in the design of corrugated steel web girders in highway bridges and industrial structures. In this paper, the fatigue strengths of corrugated steel web girders with several welded structural details and welding methods are analytically examined by fatigue tests of corrugated web beams and small-size welded joints. The stress concentration & distribution characteristics of corrugated web beams were analysed using finite element analysis. The beam test results showed that the structure with scallops or notches in the flange has lower fatigue strength and that with butt joints is prone to suffer from shear crack on the corrugated web. Within the inside range of the scallop, the stress concentration becomes greater with the increase of scallop radius and the tension flange contributes significantly to the bending capacity of corrugated steel web beams. The tests for small-size welded joints indicated their applicability in the analysis and prediction of S-N relationship of the test corrugated steel web beams. Finally, the fatigue crack propagation lives of weld joints were compared with those of test corrugated steel web beams with respect to related design Categories of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.     

A study on local buckling behavior of hybrid beams

In this paper, the local buckling behavior of hybrid beams, with high-strength steel webs and mild steel flanges, is investigated. A wide-flange shaped member is essentially an assemblage of plate elements and then the plate buckling has a significant effect on the plastic deformation capacity of a beam, while the web provides the flange with some degree of rotational restraint against local buckling. The torsional restraint of the web against the flange inelastic buckling depends on the web stiffness, namely, the length of the plastic region in the web. A hybrid beam with high-strength steel webs and mild steel flanges is considered to be effective in carrying loads after the flange local buckling. The results of investigation are presented herein.     

多孔钢梁在组合屈曲模态下的非线性分析

讨论了一般强度和高强度多孔钢梁在组合屈曲模态下的非线性分析。建立一个考虑腹板和翼缘初始几何缺陷、残余应力和材料非线性等情况的多孔钢梁的三维有限元模型。用具有不同长度,不同截面,不同荷载条件和不同失效模态的多孔梁的试验结果验证了此有限元模型。该模型能计算多孔梁的失效荷载,跨中荷载-挠度关系和失效模态。用120根多孔梁的有限元计算数据进行了参数分析,研究截面几何尺寸,梁长和钢材料强度对多孔梁强度和屈曲性能的影响。参数研究结果显示:由于组合腹板的扭转和腹板后屈曲引起的多孔梁失效对承载力有很大的影响。对于长细比较小的多孔梁,应用高强度钢材料将能显著提高失效荷载值。将有限元计算得到的失效荷载与利用澳洲规范计算的多孔梁平面外屈曲计算结果进行了对比,发现规范的计算结果对于平面外屈曲的一般强度多孔梁是不保守的,而对于组合腹板扭转和腹板后屈曲的高强度多孔梁的失效则非常保守。     

Lateral–distortional buckling of monorails

This paper is concerned with the elastic lateral–distortional (LD) buckling of single span steel monorail I-beams and its influence on their design strengths. The distortion of a slender web reduces the elastic buckling resistance of an intermediate length beam below its flexural–torsional (FT) resistance. A finite element computer program was used to study the elastic LD buckling of single span beams. The LD to FT buckling moment ratios were generally higher for simply supported beams with bottom flange central concentrated loads than for uniform bending, and lower for shear centre concentrated loads. For beams with bottom flange loading and unrestrained bottom flanges, there were very significant reductions in these ratios, but they increased when rigid web stiffeners or top flange torsional restraints were provided at the supports. For beams with bottom flange loading and unrestrained bottom flanges, the reductions in the elastic buckling resistance were greater for beams with stocky flanges than for slender flanges. Approximations were found for estimating the reduced resistances which were generally of high accuracy or conservative, and for estimating the increased resistances caused by elastic and rigid top flange end torsional restraints. A method of designing steel beams against LD buckling was proposed and its use demonstrated by a worked example.     

Fatigue behavior of damaged steel beams repaired with CFRP strips

This paper presents the flexural behavior of damaged steel beams repaired with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. The damage is intentionally created by notching the tension flange of the beams. Six beams are tested to evaluate the static and fatigue performance of the repaired beams with emphasis on local plasticity and the CFRP-steel interface. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to predict the experimental behavior. A modeling approach is proposed to simulate the fatigue response of the repaired beams, based on the strain-life method and cumulative damage theory. CFRP-repair results in a recovery of static load-carrying capacity of the damaged beam to that of an undamaged beam. The stress range at the damage influences the fatigue life, damage propagation, and plastic strain development of the repaired beams. Fatigue-crack propagation across the web of the beams is not significant up to 50% of their fatigue life, whereas brittle web fracture follows beyond the threshold. A bilinear fatigue response is observed at the CFRP-steel interface, whose magnitudes are dependent upon the number of fatigue cycles and the applied stress range. An empirical model is proposed to predict the fatigue behavior of the interface.     

方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁外隔板节点拟静力试验研究

通过对2个方钢管混凝土柱-工字钢梁外隔板式节点试件进行的拟静力加载试验,研究节点在反复循环荷载作用下的滞回性能、耗能能力、延性、应力分布和传力机制。试验结果表明,节点具有较高的承载力以及较好的延性和耗能能力,外隔板式节点的梁端弯矩一部分通过柱腹板两侧隔板传递到柱钢管腹板和核心混凝土,另一部分则主要通过柱角两内侧各0.25倍柱宽范围内的隔板直接传递给柱钢管翼缘和核心混凝土。柱角附近的隔板出现严重的应力集中,影响节点的耗能和延性。对节点建立同时考虑几何非线性和材料非线性的有限元分析模型,模拟分析了节点的受力性能。结果表明,由有限元分析所得的位移曲线与试验所得的骨架曲线极为相似,由有限元模型所得的应变分布规律与试验结果一致。     

Behaviour and strength of hollow flange channel sections under torsion and bending

Hollow flange channel section is a cold-formed high-strength and thin-walled steel section with a unique shape including two rectangular hollow flanges and a slender web. Due to its mono-symmetric characteristics, it will also be subjected to torsion when subjected to transverse loads in practical applications. Past research on steel beams subject to torsion has concentrated on open sections while very few steel design standards give suitable design rules for torsion design. Since the hollow flange channel section is different from conventional open sections, its torsional behaviour remains unknown to researchers. Therefore the elastic behaviour of hollow flange channel sections subject to uniform and non-uniform torsion, and combined torsion and bending was investigated using the solutions of appropriate differential equilibrium equations. The section torsion shear flow, warping normal stress distribution, and section constants including torsion constant and warping constant were obtained. The results were compared with those from finite element analyses that verified the accuracy of analytical solutions. Parametric studies were undertaken for simply supported beams subject to a uniformly distributed torque and a uniformly distributed transverse load applied away from the shear centre. This paper presents the details of this research into the elastic behaviour and strength of hollow flange channel sections subject to torsion and bending and the results.     

Flange and web limit states in beams subjected to patch loading

Recent field observations during bridge construction revealed excessive localized deformations in sill and cap beams that support falsework posts. Hence, possible limit states associated with flange and web deformations in W and HP sections subjected to patch loading are investigated in this paper. Critical limit states were found to be related to flange bending, post compression, and the interactions associated with patch loading between a beam flange and timber or steel post. Other limit states are associated with web deformations. Two alternative methods based on yield line analyses that establish upper-bound limiting loads for these limit states are proposed. The first method accounts for an interaction between flange bending and post compression strength, whereas the second method uses an effective bearing area of the post. The former method is most effective in characterizing flange-timber posts interactions, while the effective bearing area method was found to be more accurate for steel posts. For beams with relatively thick webs, such as those typically used in bridge falsework, the web was found to have a greater capacity than the flange and post, with the critical web limit state due to web yielding. It was shown that current recommended equations were appropriate with modifications to account for the patch loading condition.     

某钢梁的耐撞性设计分析

研究了某焦煤车间制动梁的耐撞性问题,分析了装煤钢方斗对制动钢梁的影响,结果表明:装煤钢方斗的撞击作用为类矩形脉冲荷载;梁的下翼缘的应力很大,被撞区和支座处的腹板和加劲肋应力也很大,可以适当加大下翼缘和腹板的厚度和减小上翼缘的厚度.     

Elastoplastic analysis of elementary bolted steel tee-stub connections

Elementary bolted steel tee-stub connections proportioned according to EC3 were studied by means of a three dimensional finite element model using the ANSYS software package. The specimens reflect different geometric and strength parameters as well as bolt pre-stressing conditions. Within each specimen, the parameters considered were the flange thickness and the distance between the bolt's line to the end of the flange. The elastoplastic response, up to the ultimate state, was analysed and aspects relative to stiffness, strength, bolt loads, prying forces, interaction between flanges and evolution of the equivalent von Mises stress distribution within the flange and bolt were examined. Comparisons between experimental values and Eurocode3 (EC3) predictions indicate that the design procedure still needs to be improved, owing to the complex phenomena embodied.     

内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁受弯性能研究

为实现钢材与木材的高效组合,提高钢木组合梁受弯性能,提出了一种内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁。为研究其破坏过程、破坏形态及组合受力性能,以翼缘木板宽度、抗剪连接栓钉间距、薄壁H形钢厚度、翼缘木板厚度、腹板木板高度和腹板木板厚度等为变化参数开展了受弯试验。并提出了可用于预测内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁挠度和受弯承载力的计算公式,进行了有限元分析。结果表明：依据内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁破坏过程及特征,可出现受拉翼缘木板受拉断裂、腹板木板受拉区开裂以及受压翼缘木板受压破坏或薄壁H形钢受压翼缘严重压屈和严重粘胶剥离的受压破坏三种破坏模式;在配置截面面积比约3.5%的薄壁H形钢的情况下,内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁的受弯承载力、抗弯刚度、耗能和延性相对于纯木梁明显提高;腹板木板高度、翼缘木板宽度、翼缘木板厚度和抗剪连接栓钉间距等参数影响内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁受弯性能较为明显,增加腹板木板的高度、翼缘木板的宽度、翼缘木板的厚度和减小抗剪栓钉间距可明显提高内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁的受弯承载力;增加薄壁H形钢厚度,可使内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁受弯承载力和刚度得到一定程度的提高;腹板木板的厚度对内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁的受弯承载力影响不甚明显。所提出内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁的挠度及受弯承载力计算式和有限元模型合理有效,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

CFRP加固组合梁的应力与变形分析

由于腐蚀或疲劳使钢梁受拉翼缘发生不同程度的损伤,导致组合梁的承载能力和刚度下降。在钢梁的受拉翼缘上侧粘贴CFRP进行加固可以提高其承载能力和刚度。在推导出计算粘贴CFRP加固后组合梁的截面应力的基础上,进一步推导出均布荷载作用下组合梁加固后的挠度计算公式,最后通过算例予以证明。     

塑性设计中钢梁临界侧向长细比的研究

在钢梁塑性设计中,当钢梁侧向长细比达到临界值时,需要设置侧向支撑以防止其平面外整体弯扭失稳,保证产生塑性铰的截面具有足够的转动能力。在实际工程中,钢梁真正需要的转动能力一般较低,而GB 50017—2003《钢结构设计规范》要求较高的转动能力标准致使计算公式获得的临界侧向长细比过小。为此,建立非线性有限元模型,对钢梁进行数值分析,计算结果与他人试验结果吻合良好。通过对钢梁端部弯矩比、腹板高厚比、翼缘宽厚比、残余应力分布和平面外边界条件5类影响参数的分析,并采用合理的转动能力标准,提出除翼缘宽厚比外涉及4类参数的临界侧向长细比简化计算公式。与GB 50017—2003的公式相比较,所提出的公式更加合理、符合实际。     

钢-混凝土连续组合梁受力性能的有限元分析

为了分析钢-混凝土连续组合梁混凝土翼板的厚度、钢梁翼缘厚度、腹板高度和厚度等参数的变化对梁的应力和挠度的影响,利用ANSYS有限元软件,对两跨连续组合梁进行非线性瞬态分析,将计算结果和实测结果进行比较,验证了该模型的有效性。通过变换组合梁混凝土翼板的厚度,钢梁翼缘的厚度,腹板的厚度和高度,分析得出对梁的应力和挠度的影响强弱依次为：混凝土板厚,腹板高度,钢梁上下翼缘的厚度,腹板的厚度。     

Interaction of buckling modes in castellated steel beams

This paper investigates the behaviour of normal and high strength castellated steel beams under combined lateral torsional and distortional buckling modes. An efficient nonlinear 3D finite element model has been developed for the analysis of the beams. The initial geometric imperfection and material nonlinearities were carefully considered in the analysis. The nonlinear finite element model was verified against tests on castellated beams having different lengths and different cross-sections. Failure loads and interaction of buckling modes as well as load-lateral deflection curves of castellated steel beams were investigated in this study. An extensive parametric study was carried out using the finite element model to study the effects of the change in cross-section geometries, beam length and steel strength on the strength and buckling behaviour of castellated steel beams. The parametric study has shown that the presence of web distortional buckling causes a considerable decrease in the failure load of slender castellated steel beams. It is also shown that the use of high strength steel offers a considerable increase in the failure loads of less slender castellated steel beams. The failure loads predicted from the finite element model were compared with that predicted from Australian Standards for steel beams under lateral torsional buckling. It is shown that the Specification predictions are generally conservative for normal strength castellated steel beams failing by lateral torsional buckling, unconservative for castellated steel beams failing by web distortional buckling and quite conservative for high strength castellated steel beams failing by lateral torsional buckling.     

Seismic behavior experimental study of frame joints with special-shaped column and dispersed steel bar beam

To overcome the problem that steel bars are put too close at a flame joint with special-shaped beam and column, mechanical performance of three groups of six RC flame joints with special-shaped (L, T and+) column and dispersed-steel bars-beam on the top floor under cyclic loads were studied. Experimental comparison was conducted between special-shaped (L, T and+) column and normal beams. The cracking load, yielding load, ultimate bearing capacity, failure patterns, and hysteretic properties at joint core area were investigated. The seismic behaviors of the joints with different proportions of dispersed-steel-bar beams were analyzed. The results of experimental analysis indicate that the mechanical and seismic behaviors of frame joints with T-shaped and+-shaped column are nearly not changed when suitable proportion steel bars are dispersed to flange plane. Stiffness degeneration of flame joint with L-shaped column is rather serious due to concrete damage stiffness. Theoretical result indicates that distributing area of the dispersed steel-bar beams in the flange plate should be strictly controlled to avoid anchor destroy.     

波形钢腹板梁边缘的应力分布

波形钢腹板因其很多良好的性能而在结构中应用广泛。由于波形钢腹板在边缘和腹板的正态分布和剪应力分布与受平面挠曲与剪力影响的传统工字梁的应力分布不同,对波形钢腹板梁边缘的应力分布进行重点分析。在波形钢腹板边缘出现的附加的横向弯曲力矩,会导致对抗弯力矩有一定影响的附加正应力的分布。附加的横向弯曲力矩来自波形钢腹板中的剪力,它的数值取决于波形剖面的几何特征。对这种横向弯曲力矩的影响和趋势进行了分析。根据试验背景构建一个数值模型用来分析边缘的应力分布。测定附加正应力的趋势,并根据数值结果提出一个改进的设计方法来确定横向弯曲力矩和附加的正应力。     

Seismic behavior experimental study of frame joints with special-shaped column and dispersed steel bar beam

To overcome the problem that steel bars are put too close at a flame joint with special-shaped beam and column, mechanical performance of three groups of six RC flame joints with special-shaped (L, T and +) column and dispersed-steel bars-beam on the top floor under cyclic loads were studied. Experimental comparison was conducted between special-shaped (L, T and +) column and normal beams. The cracking load, yielding load, ultimate bearing capacity, failure patterns, and hysteretic properties at joint core area were investigated. The seismic behaviors of the joints with different proportions of dispersed-steel-bar beams were analyzed. The results of experimental analysis indicate that the mechanical and seismic behaviors of frame joints with T-shaped and +-shaped column are nearly not changed when suitable proportion steel bars are dispersed to flange plane. Stiffness degeneration of flame joint with L-shaped column is rather serious due to concrete damage stiffness. Theoretical result indicates that distributing area of the dispersed steel-bar beams in the flange plate should be strictly controlled to avoid anchor destroy.     

基于修正软化拉-压杆模型的型钢#br# 混凝土深梁受剪承载力研究

为研究型钢混凝土深梁的受剪承载力,完成7组型钢混凝土深梁的静力试验和有限元分析,主要考虑剪跨比、型钢腹板高度及翼缘宽度等影响因素。试件的破坏模式为斜压破坏和剪切破坏。剪跨比对破坏形态有较大影响,较大的型钢腹板高度和翼缘宽度显著提高试件受剪承载力。在试验研究和有限元分析的基础上,考虑钢筋混凝土部分的软化效应、非软化混凝土与型钢翼缘的协调变形作用及腹板部分的受剪贡献,建立修正软化拉-压杆模型,并采用叠加原理推导型钢混凝土深梁受剪承载力实用计算方法。结果表明：修正软化拉-压杆模型能较好地反映型钢混凝土深梁的破坏特征和受力机制,文中提出的受剪承载力计算方法与试验数据吻合较好,对受剪影响因素考虑更加全面,能较好地预测型钢混凝土深梁的受剪承载力。