工字钢-混凝土组合梁弹性约束畸变屈曲研究

约束畸变屈曲是不同于侧向屈曲和畸变屈曲的一类特殊的屈曲形式,通常发生在组合梁负弯矩区。基于弹性地基压杆方法对组合梁弹性约束畸变屈曲进行了研究。将Svensson压杆模型进行改进,考虑了腹板参与部分,并推导了两种基于改进压杆模型的变轴力稳定计算表达式。借助于有限元方法,分析了现有变轴力弹性地基压杆方法用于组合梁约束畸变屈曲的求解精度,研究结果表明：弹性地基压杆方法对组合梁作用纯弯矩及三角形负弯矩情况符合良好,但对非线性弯矩分布情况精度较差。对约束畸变屈曲引入等效弯矩假设,并对其适用性进行了分析,提出了约束畸变屈曲等效弯矩假设临界长度简化公式,进而通过三步简化实现了连续组合梁弹性约束畸变屈曲计算。图16表7参17     

Inelastic restrained distortional buckling of continuous composite T-beams

This paper develops a method of inelastic buckling analysis of thin-walled sections to study buckling characteristics of single span and two-span composite T-section beams in the inelastic range of structural response. The method is based on a bubble-augmented spline finite strip method, developed elsewhere by the authors, and confirmed as both accurate and efficient for the elastic buckling analysis of thin-walled structural members and plates. The method admits both flexural and membrane buckling deformations and it allows for consideration of structures with intermediate supports and a variety of boundary conditions that may be prescribed at the ends of plate assembly. The analysis includes the so-called Tendon Force Concept developed at Cambridge University for residual stresses caused by the process of fabrication, and the non-linear stress-strain properties of the structural steel from which the joist section is made. The inelastic restrained distortional buckling (RDB) of continuous composite T-section beams under transverse loading and moment gradient is investigated, and conclusions are drawn that address the influence of geometry, residual stresses, member length, the rigid restraint provided by the concrete and the degree of reinforcement in the concrete element.     

Semi-empirical design of complex metal beams by buckling analysis

Structural elements with complex geometries, boundary conditions and load patterns cannot be designed against buckling using empirical formulae because of uncertain elastic buckling moments or unknown buckling effective lengths, which are basic parameters for these equations. This article proposes a shell finite element procedure for buckling design of metal beams of complex configurations with codified initial imperfections assumed in the Perry–Robertson formula. The advantage of the proposed method lies in the use of elastic buckling moment with empirical design formulae for determination of design moment capacity of a beam; thereby eliminating the uncertainty of modelling initial imperfections. More importantly, the moment modification factor and assumption of effective length can be avoided because all second-order and yield effects have been considered in the computer model. Numerical examples demonstrate that the simplified method has a high level of accuracy, versatility and flexibility for the design of complex beams.     

钢——混凝土组合梁的侧向扭转屈曲

通过对工字型钢-混凝土组合梁劁向失稳形式的理论分析,提出工字型组合梁稳定性分析的计算模型,并根据计算模型推导了组合梁负弯矩区受压下翼缘劁向屈曲的临界弯矩,然后通过与现行工字型组合梁的稳定理论和计算方法比较,确定了工字型组合梁负弯矩区稳定设计的修正方法和建议意见。     

负弯矩作用下钢-混凝土组合梁受力性能试验研究

通过8根跨度为3.0m和4.2m的钢-混凝土组合梁在负弯矩作用下的受力性能试验,研究了端部弯矩、跨度、H形钢的腹板高厚比、抗剪连接栓钉数量、设置横向加劲肋等因素对组合梁失稳破坏模式、受弯承载力及转动能力的影响。试验结果表明：对两端部作用数值相等的负弯矩工况,组合梁发生畸变失稳,其受弯承载力小于组合梁全截面塑性弯矩,转动能力偏小,而对其他接近实际结构的负弯矩工况,组合梁发生局部失稳或局部与畸变耦合失稳,其受弯承载力大于组合梁全截面塑性弯矩,转动能力较大;随着腹板高厚比减小或者在腹板上设置横向加劲肋,组合梁的受弯承载力和转动能力都有明显提高。     

The wall–frame and the steel–concrete interactions in composite shear walls

The nonlinear pushover analyses of 24 composite steel plate shear walls (CSPSWs), 24 corresponding steel plate shear walls (SPSWs), and 24 corresponding frames are conducted. CSPSWs have different aspect ratios and infill steel plate thicknesses. The study aims to understand the wall–frame and steel–concrete interactions. The infill steel plate thickness and aspect ratio of CSPSW are the main parameters of the study. In CSPSWs, the percentage of absorbed shear forces by the infill composite wall is always greater than the infill plate of its corresponding SPSW. The percentage of shear in the composite wall is constant at the initial stage of loading up to a drift of 0.15–0.2%. By increasing the drift, the shear yielding of steel plate leads to a reduction of the shear force absorption. The reduction continues until the bulk of shear stiffness of CSPSW is provided by the frame. At the beginning of lateral loading, steel–concrete interactions increase until shear yield of steel plate. Following this stage, a sudden decrease takes place in shear force absorption of reinforced concrete (RC) panel. The reason is that, at the lower drifts, the steel plate has a tendency for elastic buckling, which is prevented by the RC panel. Finally, the shear force absorption remains approximately constant in the RC panel.     

Flexural–torsional buckling of thin-walled composite box beams

Buckling of an axially loaded thin-walled laminated composite is studied. A general analytical model applicable to the flexural, torsional and flexural–torsional buckling of a thin-walled composite box beam subjected to axial load is developed. This model is based on the classical lamination theory, and accounts for the coupling of flexural and torsional modes for arbitrary laminate stacking sequence configuration, i.e. unsymmetric as well as symmetric, and various boundary conditions. A displacement-based one-dimensional finite element model is developed to predict critical loads and corresponding buckling modes for a thin-walled composite bar. Governing buckling equations are derived from the principle of the stationary value of total potential energy. Numerical results are obtained for axially loaded thin-walled composites addressing the effects of fiber angle, anisotropy and boundary conditions on the critical buckling loads and mode shapes of the composites.     

钢-ECC组合梁负弯矩区受弯性能试验研究

纤维增强水泥基复合材料（Engineered Cementitious Composite,ECC）具有高延展性以及受拉刚化特点,应用于组合梁桥的负弯矩区时可有效减少桥面板的受拉开裂。完成了2根钢-ECC组合梁和1根钢-混凝土组合梁对比构件在负弯矩作用下的静力加载试验,通过试验研究了不同配筋率的ECC对结构受力性能特别是抗裂性的影响。试验研究表明：在负弯矩作用下,钢-ECC组合梁的刚度较钢-混凝土组合梁明显提高|由于ECC翼板的抗拉作用导致截面中和轴上升,钢梁受压区增大,构件延性有所降低|钢-ECC组合梁可有效提高结构的开裂荷载并减小裂缝宽度,提高配筋率有利于进一步减少ECC翼板的裂缝宽度。提出了钢-ECC组合梁的承载力与开裂荷载的计算方法,提供了挠度分析的方法和裂缝宽度的基本模型。     

轻钢-混凝土组合梁的试验研究及非线性有限元分析

针对轻钢-混凝土组合梁这种新的结构形式,本文进行了六个试件的试验研究,分析了构件的破坏形式、荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线、钢材和混凝土的应变分布及板宽度方向应变分布等。通过试验研究,初步了解了轻钢-混凝土组合梁的特点和各种截面的粘结性能。采用组合梁单元模型,对轻钢-混凝土组合梁进行了非线性有限元分析,理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Numerical method for predicting the elastic lateral distortional buckling moment of a mono-symmetric beam with web openings

When used as floor joists, the new mono-symmetric LiteSteel beam (LSB) sections require web openings to provide access for inspections and various services. The LSBs consist of two rectangular hollow flanges connected by a slender web, and are subjected to lateral distortional buckling effects in the intermediate span range. Their member capacity design formulae developed to date are based on their elastic lateral buckling moments, and only limited research has been undertaken to predict the elastic lateral buckling moments of LSBs with web openings. This paper addresses this research gap by reporting the development of web opening modelling techniques based on an equivalent reduced web thickness concept and a numerical method for predicting the elastic buckling moments of LSBs with circular web openings. The proposed numerical method was based on a formulation of the total potential energy of LSBs with circular web openings. The accuracy of the proposed method's use with the aforementioned modelling techniques was verified through comparison of its results with those of finite strip and finite element analyses of various LSBs.     

Experimental study of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams with external tendons for negative moments

Four groups of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams with external tendons in negative moment regions were tested, and the cracking behaviours and the ultimate negative moment resistances of the composite beams were investigated experimentally. It is found that in hogging moment regions, on adding prestressing to the composite beams with external tendons, the cracking resistance of the beams can be effectively increased; however, the incremental internal tendon forces of the prestressed composite beams are rather small, and therefore can be neglected in the evaluation of the negative moment resistance of the beams. In hogging moment regions, the ultimate resistance of a composite beam prestressed with external tendons is governed by either distortional lateral buckling or local buckling, or an interactive mode composed of the two bucklings. For a beam with a compact section, the negative bending moment can reach the plastic moment when the steel section is fully plastic, and for a non-compact section, the negative bending moment is limited to the yield moment at which the compression steel flange initiates yield. The method for evaluating the buckling resistance of the composite beams is discussed, and a tentative design method based on BS5400: Part 3 is proposed to assess the buckling resistances of the prestressed composite beams.     

钢-混凝土组合梁抗裂性能的试验研究

为研究钢-混凝土连续组合梁的受力性能,特别是体外预应力对抗裂性能和刚度的影响,完成3根反向加载的简支组合梁和3根2跨连续组合梁的静力加载试验,其中包括2根在钢梁和混凝土板内折线布筋的体外预应力组合梁。试验表明:非预应力组合梁在负弯矩作用下的开裂荷载较低,连续梁在较低荷载下就会由于混凝土开裂而发生明显的内力重分布,且横向钢筋间距对裂缝间距具有一定影响;折线布筋的体外预应力组合梁开裂荷载增大,裂缝间距和裂缝宽度明显减小,且相同荷载下的挠度下降,说明体外预应力可有效改善组合梁的综合受力性能。此外,预应力作用对组合梁的滑移分布有较明显影响。     

Stiffness analysis of concrete filled steel plate composite coupling beams

联肢剪力墙弹性阶段的内力分布、抗侧刚度等工作性能主要受墙肢与连梁刚度的影响。为了准确分析外包钢板-混凝土联肢组合剪力墙的受力性能,对外包钢板-混凝土组合连梁的刚度进行了分析。基于钢板与混凝土无相对变形和忽略混凝土抗拉强度的基本假定,建立了组合连梁钢与混凝土无滑移的截面内力与变形之间的关系,并推导了截面刚度的计算公式。对于常用工程设计参数范围内的组合连梁,考虑滑移后得到的抗侧刚度相比无滑移情况减小了10%~24%。通过对无滑移组合连梁刚度公式中的混凝土部分贡献的折减(折减系数为0.5),得到了无特殊界面构造的外包钢板 混凝土组合连梁的刚度计算公式。通过与有限元分析和试验结果的对比,验证了公式的准确性。     

Seismic behavior of tall buildings using steel–concrete composite columns and shear walls

For the seismic design of tall building structures, the behavior under severe earthquakes should be carefully considered and the upper limit of inter‐story deformations are often defined by the design codes. To improve the performance of structures under severe earthquakes, composite structural members, including steel reinforced column and steel plate reinforced shear wall, are often adopted. In the present work, the seismic behavior of tall buildings using steel–concrete composite columns and shear walls is investigated numerically. Fiber beam–column element models and multilayer shell models are adopted to establish the finite element model of structure, and the material nonlinearities are described by the plasticity and damage models. The accuracy of the developed models is verified by the experimental results of a single shear wall. Systematic numerical simulations are performed for the tall building structures subjected to different earthquakes. The comparative study indicates that the nonlinear redistribution of internal forces plays a very important role for the performance of tall buildings under severe earthquakes.     

配筋梯度混凝土梁裂缝宽度实用计算方法

截面压区采用高强高性能混凝土、拉区采用普通混凝土的配筋梯度混凝土受弯结构构件,可充分利用抗压强度高的高强高性能混凝土及经济性好的普通混凝土优点,实现二者有机结合。试验表明拉区普通混凝土初凝前将压区高强混凝土浇筑完毕,有利于保证强度差异较大的异强混凝土中的水泥浆几乎同时开始水化,在硬化并达到设计强度后,两类混凝土可协同整体工作,验证了所构建的配筋梯度混凝土梁的有效性和可实施性。以承载能力极限状态控制截面相对受压区高度为基本参数,开展拉压区为异强混凝土的配筋梯度混凝土简支梁的受弯性能试验基于截面应力应变分布规律,提出该类矩形截面受弯构件开裂前瞬时受压区高度表达式与建议取值,按截面应力应变法和塑性影响系数法获得开裂弯矩表达式。基于试验结果,提出该类受弯结构构件平均裂缝间距、平均裂缝宽度以及最大裂缝宽度实用计算方法。为配筋梯度混凝土受弯构件正常使用极限状态分析创造了基本条件。     

The influence of bend–twist coupling on the shear buckling response of thin laminated composite plates

The finite strip method of analysis has been used in this paper to examine the effect of bend–twist coupling on the shear buckling behaviour of laminated composite constructions. The distorted nodal lines of the shear buckling mode and its complex deformation state in general are readily accounted for in the analysis procedure through the multi-term nature of the finite strip buckling displacement field and the appropriate level of structural modelling. The degree of bend–twist coupling in the laminated composite plates is varied by changing the level of anisotropy in the plies and by altering the lay-up configuration of the plies in the laminated stack. Symmetric laminates of a balanced and unbalanced nature are given consideration. It is shown that, for a given degree of anisotropy in the plies of a laminate and for a given laminate thickness, the stacking sequence of the plies significantly alters the degree of bend–twist coupling. The shear buckling performance of composite plates having the same dimensions and being made from the same material are therefore shown in the paper to be quite different. The preclusion of the bend–twist coupling coefficients in the solution procedure of the finite strip method allows the shear buckling orthotropic solution to be determined. Comparisons between the coupled and orthotropic solutions are shown in the paper to be markedly different.     

部分预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁负弯矩区裂缝宽度试验研究

本文根据18根部分预应力钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区的受力性能试验研究结果,探讨了负弯矩区裂缝产生与发展的规律。试验表明,影响裂缝宽度的主要因素为负弯矩区综合力比Rp、剪力连接件间距p和钢梁与混凝土板的相对高度比hs/hc:Rp和hs/hc越小,裂缝宽度越大;p越小,裂缝宽度越小。根据试验结果,本文建立了部分预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁负弯矩区裂缝宽度的经验计算公式,形式上与现行的混凝土结构设计规范建议的受弯构件裂缝宽度计算公式统一。     

内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁受力性能试验研究

内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁综合了型钢混凝土梁和预应力梁的优点。为研究内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁的受力性能及弯矩重分布规律,完成了3根两跨内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁试验,并进行了非线性分析。研究结果表明：内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁荷载-跨中变形关系曲线近似呈二折线;以达到承载能力极限状态时支座控制截面弹性弯矩计算值与内置H型钢实际承担的弯矩之差为调幅对象,弯矩调幅幅度受含钢率影响不大,随型钢高度与梁截面高度比值增大而增大;连续组合梁中支座两侧等效塑性铰区长度不大于0.64倍梁有效高度,且随预应力度增大而减小;当相对塑性转角不大于0.817×10^-5时,弯矩调幅系数随相对塑性转角增大而增大,且不大于0.44。为内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁设计提供了参考。图10表11参10