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Baokuan Li Bo Wang Fumitaka Tsukihashi 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2014,45(3):1122-1132
A three-dimensional finite-element model has been developed to understand the electromagnetic field and liquid metal pool shape in an electroslag remelting (ESR) process with two series-connected electrodes. The magnetic vector potential is introduced into the Maxwell’s equations, and the nodal-based method is used to solve a three-dimensional harmonic electromagnetic field. The heat transfer of the solidifying processes of ingot is modeled by a source-based enthalpy method, and the Joule heating is included in an inner source. The results show the main part of the current flows through the slag cap and a little enters into ingot in a two-series-connected electrode ESR system. As the interaction of self-induced and mutual-induced of two electrodes occurs, the skin effect is significantly suppressed by the neighbor effect. A symmetrical pattern of magnetic flux density in a two-series-connected electrode ESR system is displayed. The magnetic flux density between two electrodes is reinforced and reduced at the outside of two electrodes. The maximum Joule heat power density is located at the interface of slag and electrodes, and it decreases with an increase of the electrode immersion depth. The averaged Joule heat power density increases when slag cap thickness is reduced. With the increase of ingot height, the liquid metal pool shape changes from arc shaped to “V” shaped. When the ingot height is more than the diameter in the ESR processes, the liquid metal pool shape is constant. 相似文献
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Study on Electro-Capillary Oscillation in ESR System 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
nterfacebetweenmetalpoolandslagpoolstronglyoscillatewhenanalternatecurrentpassingtheinterfaceduringtheprocessofelectroslagremelt ing .Thisphenomenonissocalledelectro capillaryoscillation[1] .ЕсинОАetalthoughtthatelectro capillaryos cillationstrengthensrea… 相似文献
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为满足中国能源(电站、核电)、轴承、模具、航天等领域对高端锻件的需求,提升国产高端锻件的市场竞争力,实现中信重工在高洁净、高品质钢锭制造领域的又一新突破,在经过多年对国内外先进电渣装备调研、考察、论证的基础上,新增一台80t低频单电极气保全同轴恒熔速电渣炉。该电渣炉采用了低频电源、单电极、全同轴、微正压惰性气体保护、高精度称重、恒熔速、同相逆并联大电流短网、双炉头车、电网平衡等多项创新技术,可实现重熔过程计算机自动控制,具有设计独特、技术含量高、节能环保、安全可靠等优点。生产的电渣锭经过质量检测分析,电渣锭偏析程度小、纯净度高,质量达到较高水平。 相似文献
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根据钢的电渣重熔过程的特点,建立了板锭电渣重熔的非稳态模型,以模拟在不同重熔速度下板锭重熔过程的温度场和分析影响金属熔池深度的因素。模拟结果表明:横截面尺寸400 mm ×2000 mm,20 t板锭重熔过程中,当重熔速度3~5 mm/min时,重熔速度越大,熔池深度越深;当重熔锭的高度达到铸锭厚度的2倍左右时,系统处于准稳定状态,熔池深度不再变化。 相似文献
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In the electroslag remelting (ESR) process, low-frequency power supply can significantly reduce power consumption and achieve three-phase balance of power supply. Therefore, a transient coupling model of fluid flow, heat transfer, and component transport in the ESR process, which is coupled to the electromagnetic field calculated using Maxwell 3D software, is established to study the influence of low-frequency power supply on desulfurization. When a 50 Hz power supply is used, a skin effect is observed in the metal, and the direction of the Lorentz force at the slag/metal interface changes. However, this effect becomes less pronounced with decreasing current frequency. Sulfur is mainly transferred at the electrode tip, and the desulfurization rate is approximately 50%. Electrochemical reactions mainly occur at the electrode tip/slag interface and the metal pool/slag interface. The removal rate of sulfur using direct current (DC) power supply is less than that using an alternating current power supply. The DC reverse polarity power supply leads to higher desulfurization rate than DC straight polarity, which is 74% and 31%, respectively. The sulfur removal rate increases from 81.37% to 84.59% as the frequency decreases from 50 to 2 Hz because of the longer electrochemical reaction time at this lower frequency. 相似文献
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Alec Mitchell Bernardo Hernandez-Morales 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》1990,21(4):723-731
An alternating current (AC)-operated electromagnetic stirring (EMS) device, using line frequency, was designed and built to
operate on a laboratory electroslag remelting (ESR) furnace for 150-mm-diameter ingots. Laboratory-scale experiments were
conducted employing both 4340 alloy steel and INCONEL 718 alloy as electrode material. The initiation of stirring is accompanied
by a thin strip of segregated material and favors the formation of spot segregation. Changes produced in the fluid flow conditions
in the liquid pool ahead of the solidification front result in a transition from a highly directional columnar to an unoriented,
branched structure. Except for small pockets of segregated liquid, the flow of molten metal does not penetrate into the mushy
zone. Both electrode material and molten metal pool shape play an important role on the extent of promoting an equiaxed structure. 相似文献
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为了改善M2高速钢中的碳化物分布,通过数值模拟详细分析了结晶器旋转对M2高速钢电渣重熔过程温度场、金属熔池形状的影响,并进一步通过实验室双极串联结晶器旋转电渣炉研究了旋转速率对M2高速钢电渣重熔过程的影响。采用扫描电镜观察并分析了结晶器旋转对电渣锭中碳化物形貌、分布的影响;采用小样电解萃取实验,分析了结晶器旋转速率对碳化物组成的影响。结果发现,随着结晶器旋转速率的增加,渣池的高温区从芯部向边部迁移,温度分布更加均匀;金属熔池的深度变浅,两相区的宽度收窄,从而导致局部凝固时间降低、二次枝晶间距减小。与此相对应,随着结晶器旋转速率的增加,M2电渣锭的渣皮更薄、更加均匀,结晶器对电渣锭的冷却强度更大,碳化物网格开始破碎、变薄,碳化物由片状改变为细小的棒状。X射线衍射分析表明,不论结晶器是否旋转,碳化物的类型始终不变,由M2C、MC和M6C组成,但是随旋转速率增加M2C含量增加,MC和M6C含量降低。碳化物组织得以改善的主要原因在于,结晶器旋转导致金属熔池深度降低、两相区宽度收窄,改善了凝固条件,减轻了元素偏析。 相似文献
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Yehia Mohamed Shash Tarek El Gammal Mohamed Ahmed El Salamoni Friedrich Alexander Denkhaus 《国际钢铁研究》1988,59(6):269-274
Most of the metallurgical effects resulting from electroslag remelting of metal may be divided into two groups, namely, the effects due to the slag/metal reactions taking place and the effects due to the special solidification conditions characteristic of this process. Solidification of ESR ingots takes place progressively as heat is removed from the liquid metal pool via the mold walls. By careful matching of the melting rate with the freezing rate, the desired shallow metal pool is attained, leading to the well known directional solidification pattern with consequent improvement in properties of the steel. The choice of power parameters is limited by a compromise between the need for a high melting rate for economic reasons (costs) which may tend to give a rather deep metal pool and the need for a shallow metal pool to obtain optimum metallurgical properties. In this process only a relatively small amount of the total energy input is actually utilized to melt down the metal. The major part of the energy is lost from the slag and metal pool to the water cooled mold. In this paper the results of numerical and experimental investigations are presented, setting out a simple method of saving energy and controlling the solidification pattern of the ingot. This method involves the addition of solid particles to the melt to utilize the surplus energy evolved in the central area of the slag bath. 相似文献
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21世纪电渣冶金的新进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
电渣技术经过46年的发展,已形成“电渣冶金”新学科,包括电渣重熔(ESR)、电渣熔铸(ESC)、电渣转注、电渣浇注、电渣离心浇铸、电渣热封顶、电渣焊接和电渣复合等。目前世界电渣钢年生产能力120万t,用于生产低合金高强度钢、轴承钢、工模具钢、不锈耐热钢和高温合金。最大电渣锭重200t,正在设计建造360t电渣重熔炉。高压电渣重熔(PESR)和真空电渣重熔(VacESR)使重熔金属质量达到高纯水平。电渣热封顶生产的大型电渣锭成本是普通电渣锭生产成本的1/4,具有技术和经济上的潜在优势。述评了优质大型电渣锭制备,真空电渣重熔、高压电渣重熔,快速电渣重熔技术的进展和电渣重熔炉型的发展趋势。 相似文献
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摘要:旋转电极电渣重熔通过改变结晶器内熔体的流动和传热规律,增强了渣池与电极间的对流换热,在提高电极熔化速率和生产效率方面具有巨大潜力。提出了电渣重熔过程电极熔化速率的求解方法,并考虑了电极旋转时的强制对流,基于多物理场耦合模型预测了电极直径、转速对电极熔化速率的影响规律。结果表明,随着转速提高,金属液滴由从电极中心滴落向电极边缘滴落转变,高温区由渣池外侧向渣池中心移动。当转速从0增大至90r/min,55mm直径电极的熔化速率从7.90g/s增大至9.68g/s,对比固定电极,转速为90r/min时,生产效率最多提高了22.5%;进一步增大转速,电极熔化速率反而减小。存在一个最佳转速可使熔化速率达到最大,且该最佳转速随着电极直径的增大而减小。 相似文献
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HIsmelt作为新兴非高炉炼铁工艺之一,得益于其在原料、工艺以及环境等方面的突出优势,迅速成为各个钢铁行业关注的焦点。然而,在工业试验与实际生产过程中发现,HIsmelt主反应器烟气温度过高而铁水温度较低,相比高炉而言,其上下部换热效率有待进一步提高。通过对HIsmelt炉内换热数值模拟的相关研究进行回顾,从矿石预处理入手,再到渣铁熔池和流场射流2个区域,对不同操作及设计参数下的炉内换热模拟过程进行综述。分析探讨了其模拟流程优缺点及后续研究方向,期望可以促进HIsmelt主反应器上下部热量高效传递,提升HIsmelt工艺热量利用效率,推动HIsmelt流程在中国平稳发展。 相似文献
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为研究工艺参数对电渣重熔过程的影响,建立了能够考虑电磁现象并耦合动量和热量传输的三维瞬态数学模型,运用商业软件Fluent进行了模拟研究,计算值与测量值吻合较好。模拟结果表明:在极间距相同的2种工况下,监测点的电流密度值基本相同,说明当渣池深度变化时,可以通过调节电极浸入深度,以符合设定的操作制度。电势降主要发生在渣池区域,渣金界面处的电压仅为0.1V;焦耳热最大值出现在电极端角与渣池接触区域,最小值出现在渣金界面;电磁力最大值出现在电极边角附近,随着纵向深度增加,轴向分量越来越小。极间距为20mm时,电极端角与渣池接触区域的速度和温度均出现最大值,金属熔池深度也最大,其大小分别为0.045m/s,2 250K,41.5mm。 相似文献