20CrMnTiH钢的热变形物理模型及三维加工图

随着精密成形技术的发展,对热锻工艺的要求越来越严格,采用建立材料的物理模型及热加工图这一方法来优化最佳工艺条件,为实现产品的质量精确控制提供了科学保障。通过Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对20Cr Mn Ti H钢在变形温度为850~1 150℃,应变速率为0.01~10 s~(-1)条件下进行等温热压缩试验,研究了20Cr Mn Ti H钢的热压缩变形特性,采用Zener-Hollomon参数法建立了20Cr Mn Ti H钢高温塑性变形的物理模型;并以热压缩试验为基础,绘制了20Cr Mn Ti H钢的三维热加工图并进行分析,确定了该钢的最佳热成形工艺参数。通过流变曲线可以看出,20Cr Mn Ti H钢在热成形过程中发生了明显的动态回复与动态再结晶,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随变形温度的升高而降低;由热加工图分析得到了该钢在试验参数范围内较优的热加工工艺参数,加工温度为900~1 025℃,应变速率为0.01~0.2 s~(-1)。     

Effect of strain rate and temperature on hot workability and flow behaviour of duplex stainless steel

The flow behaviour and processing map of a duplex stainless steel were studied via hot compressive tests in a temperature range of 1223–1473?K and a strain rate range of 0.01–30?s^??1. The effect of strain rate and temperature on the hot workability, strain partitioning and dominant flow behaviour of the alloy was systematically investigated. It is found that the softening mechanism of each constituent phase differs from each other. The ferrite is softened by dynamic recovery and continuous dynamic recrystallisation (CDRX), while the austenite is softened only by the limited discontinuous dynamic recrystallisation (DDRX). At lower strain rates (0.01 and 0.1?s^??1), the strain is mainly accommodated by ferrite due to its excellent softening capability, which causes the apparent activation energy Q_p to decline continuously with the increase in true strain. In this case, plastic deformation of the austenite rarely occurs, and at this time, DDRX of austenite is not observed. When the strain rate increases, CDRX of ferrite is weakened at a relative low temperature, which prompts the strain transfer into austenite and induces the strain hardening due to its restricted softening. Accordingly, interactions between the strain hardening in austenite and weakened softening of ferrite leads to one or more platforms of Q formed at the medium stage of deformation (1–30?s^??1). The processing map shows that two flow instability regions appear at high strain rate due to the lack of sufficient response time for dynamic restoration at the early deformation stage. As the strain increases, dynamic softening mechanism is activated at a higher temperature, resulting in a gradually narrowed flow instability region. Differently, a decrease in temperature suppresses dynamic softening of the alloy with a high strain rate, which deteriorates the hot workability of the alloy and induces microcrack formation after straining of 0.8.     

Custom 450钢热加工图及显微组织分析

 为了探究Custom 450高强度不锈钢最佳的热变形区间以指导实际生产过程的工艺参数设计,利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机在变形温度为900~1 200 ℃、应变速率为0.01～10 s-1的条件下开展了热压缩试验,探讨了Prasad和Murty两种失稳判据在Custom 450钢中的适应性,确定了最佳的热变形区间和塑性失稳机制。研究结果表明,该钢在应变速率为0.2~10 s-1、变形温度为900~1 080 ℃的条件下变形时产生了大量的局部变形带和“项链状”组织,是导致塑性失稳发生的主要原因,显微组织观察结果与Murty准则预测的塑性失稳区更为接近。基于Murty准则建立了Custom 450钢的热加工图,并确定了其最佳的热加工工艺区间分别为1 050~1 200 ℃、0.1~1 s-1和1 100~1 200 ℃、1~10 s-1。     

1Cr17Ni1双相不锈钢的热变形行为及其热加工图

 运用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究了1Cr17Ni1马氏体-铁素体双相不锈钢在变形温度为950～1 150 ℃、应变速率为0.1～10 s－1条件下的热压缩变形行为。运用双曲正弦函数构建了本构方程,得到了表观激活能为391.586 kJ/mol,并基于动态材料模型绘制了1Cr17Ni1钢不同应变量下的热加工图。观察变形后的组织形貌得到较低温度下发生动态回复与动态再结晶,较高温度只发生动态回复,综合热加工图与变形后组织得到最佳热变形工艺：热加工温度范围为950～1 000 ℃、热加工变形速率范围为0.1～0.3和5～10 s－1。     

Constitutive analysis and optimization on hot working parameters of as-cast high Cr ultra-super-critical rotor steel with columnar grains

Isothermal hot compression tests on the as-cast high-Cr ultra-super-critical rotor steel with columnar grains were carried out in the temperature range from 1223 to 1523 K and at strain rates from 0.001 to 1 s-1 .The compression direction was parallel to the longitudinal direction of columnar grains.The constitutive equation based on Arrhenius model was presented, and the processing maps based on the dynamic material model were developed, correlating with microstructure observation.The main sof-tening mechanism was dynamic recovery at 1223 K under strain rates from 0.1 to 1 s-1 , whereas it was dynamic recrystallization under other deformation conditions.The constitutive equation modified by strain compensation reasonably predicted the flow stresses.The processing maps and microstructure evolution mechanism schematic indicated that the optimum hot working parameters lay in the zone defined by the temperature range from 1423 to 1473 K and the strain rate range from 0.001 to 1 s-1 .