铜、镍、钴金属粉末的制造

制造金属粉末的工艺方法很多。在工业上广泛采用的可分为四种:化学反应法、电沉积、固态金属的机械加工及液态金属的雾化。从金属盐的水溶液中沉积金属粉末是化学反应法的一个极重要的方面。在这方面报道的专利很多,可以沉积出铜、镍、钴、铅、铋、锑、铂、铱、金及汞等。但已付诸工业实践的有三种方法:一种是用铁置换铜;一种是用锌置换金;再一种就是用还原性气体沉积铜、镍和钴。用还原性气体自溶液中沉积金属,是现代湿法冶金发展上的一个重要成就。因为用还原性气体自湿法冶金浸取液中沉积金属时,为了使反应以较快的速度     

高铜硫化镍阳极电解工艺中阳极液净化工艺研究

采用萃取除铜,沉淀法联合除去铁、部分铅及砷,萃取法除钴,离子交换法深度除铅工艺处理高铜硫化镍阳极电解的阳极液。结果表明,该工艺流程短,原料适应性强,铜、镍、钴金属分离彻底,金属回收率高,可得到合格的镍阴极液。     

从钴土矿中提取有价金属的试验研究

研究了常温常压下,采用SO2浸出-离子浮选-溶剂萃取工艺从钴土矿中综合提取钴、锰、铜、镍等有价金属.结果表明,锰回收率大于97%,钴总回收率大于95%,镍总回收率大于90%.     

金川镍闪速炉渣还原提铁试验研究

介绍了金川镍闪速炉渣电弧炉熔化一还原提取铁、镍、钴、铜等有价金属的试验研究。该工艺可控制二次渣含铁小于5%,铁的回收率在90%以上,镍、钴、铜的回收率在95%以上。     

从湿法炼锌净液渣中回收铜的新工艺研究

研究了以湿法炼锌净液渣生产阴极铜,考察了稀硫酸浸出锌、氧化浸出铜、不溶阳极电沉积工艺条件。试验结果表明:在适宜条件下,锌浸出率达98.69%,镉浸出率96.15%,钴浸出率达70.70%;进入电积系统的铜的直收率为80.69%,电积过程铜回收率为99.68%,铜总回收率大于99%;阴极铜质量达到国家1#阴极铜(GB/T467—2010)标准。     

未来的镍、铜、钴、锰与海底锰结核的依赖关系

海底锰结核中的镍、铜、钴、锰的含量,对该四种金属的冶炼回收率关系很大,对金属的回收量也有关系,同时从开采锰结核所可能达到的金属生产量和金属消费水平的变化也有相互关系。钴的消费量约占镍的消费量的3.8%。锰结核生产1000吨镍时可生产钴110     

金川镍电解阳极液净化除铜的电沉积法研究

探讨了采用电沉积法对金川镍电解阳极液进行净化除处理过程。研究表明，净化除铜时，在阴极电位不低于－０．５００Ｖ（ＶＳ．ＳＣＥ．）、搅抖溶液和常温条件下，用多孔镍作阴极的电沉积法，可使溶液中Ｃｕ＾２＋离子浓度降至２ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，达到深度净化除铜要求，其产物为９９％以上的金属铜粉。     

从硬质合金的硝酸浸出液中回收钴和铜

对从硬质合金碎屑的硝酸浸出液中置换回收金属钴和铜进行了研究。分别采用铁、铝和锌3种金属粉末进行还原置换,对比发现,锌粉对浸出液中钴、铜的置换效果好于铁粉与铝粉。采用锌粉分别进行水解除铁和二次置换钴试验,结果表明,在80℃、溶液pH=2的条件下,采用预先水解除铁-锌粉置换钴流程,反应4h,钴和铜的回收率最高,分别达到94%和98%。     

四川某铜多金属矿石优先浮选工艺试验研究

四川某铜多金属硫化矿含铜1.0%,钴0.01%,硫1.85%。根据原矿性质,确定以优先浮选铜矿物—尾矿再选钴硫的工艺方案回收该矿中有用矿物。闭路试验获得铜精矿产率3.95%、铜品位24.57%、铜回收率97.06%,钴硫精矿产率1.07%、钴硫精矿中钴品位0.31%、钴回收率33.30%的良好指标。     

电流对电沉积制备Fe-Ni功能材料的影响研究

在NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO熔盐体系中,采用纯镍板为阳极,碳钢板为阴极,电沉积制备Fe-Ni功能材料,并结合SEM和EDS研究了电流密度和电流波形等因素对沉积层表面形貌的影响规律。结果表明,采用双向脉冲电流,电流密度30mA/cm2,在750℃电沉积50 min,可以得到致密、光滑的Fe-Ni梯度层。     

镍精矿加压酸浸新工艺研究

研究了金川镍精矿加压一步全浸镍、钴、铜新工艺,浸出液中和除铜后萃取分离镍钴,镍、钴、铜的浸出率可分别达到99.5%、98%和98%以上。该工艺与硫酸选择性浸出相比具有金属浸出率高、分离彻底、易分别回收等优点。     

还原熔炼失效锂离子电池的研究

根据从失效锂离子电池中再生有价金属的现状,提出用还原熔炼的方法回收锂离子电池中的钴和铜,并从热力学原理分析其可行性,进行实验验证,证明了用碳作还原剂此工艺是可行的。电池中的铝也能作为还原剂来还原钴氧化物。用电弧炉还原熔炼后,钴回收率78.63%,铜回收率81.54%。     

Reduction-roasting and ferric chloride leaching of copper converter slag for extracting copper,nickel and cobalt values

In a previous investigation the optimum conditions for recovering copper, nickel and cobalt from converter slag through ferric chloride leaching have been described. The study of various parameters revealed that nickel and cobalt recovery could not be improved beyond 24 to 26% respectively from converter slag, though more than 90% of the copper could be extracted. Further attempts were made to bring the metal values completely into solution through reduction-roasting followed by ferric chloride leaching of the slag. The present work comprises a study of various experimental conditions such as concentration of ferric chloride, duration of leaching, duration of reduction-roasting, temperature and nature of reducing agent, to arrive at the optimal recovery of the metal. Under identical experimental conditions a decrease in copper recovery, but an increase in nickel and cobalt recovery has been observed above a roasting temperature of 750°C. The decrease in copper recovery has been attributed to copper ferrite formation which has been confirmed both by leaching experiments with synthetic mixtures and by X-ray diffraction studies with both slag samples and synthetic mixtures. Recovery of nickel has also shown little decline when solid reductants were used above 850°C whereas cobalt recovery remains nearly the same even above 850°C. Under optimum conditions 80% copper, 95% nickel and 80% cobalt could be recovered by reducing the slag at 850°C with 10 wt % furnace oil, followed by leaching with ferric chloride.     

THE PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Abstract

The principles involved in producing metal powders by hydrogen reduction of metal ions in aqueous solutions are discussed from the thermo-dynamic and the kinetic standpoint. The influence of nuclei and of surface-active agents on the nature of the powders are considered in relation to the production of nickel, cobalt, and copper.

A survey is made of the scale and technology of current processes and the uses to which metal powders may be put are described, with particular reference to the manufacture of metal strip and plates, dispersion-hardened nickel, and composites.

The practicability of controlling the conditions of reduction to yield powders with widely varying combinations of properties is a most valuable attribute of hydrometallurgical methods.     

Binary mixtures of ultrafine metal powders. II. Rolling of ultrafine powders into porous sheets

The paper examines the possibility of producing porous sheets by rolling binary mixtures of ultrafine powders of nickel, copper, and cobalt. The effect of the rolling rate on the thickness and porosity of sheets and on the specific surface area of powders after rolling is studied. The best rollability is shown by nickel and copper powders and by powders produced from mechanical mixtures of formates.     

低品位多金属铜钴镍矿的开发与研究

为了给某低品位铜钴镍矿石的合理开发利用提供依据,针对该矿石性质,采用全优先浮选工艺流程。浮铜采用CMC纤维素分散并抑制矿泥、漂白粉抑制钴镍矿物及磁黄铁矿、选择性较好的甲基硫氨酯为铜捕收剂、铜粗精矿再磨等工艺;浮钴镍采用碳酸钠调整矿浆p H值、氟硅酸钠活化钴镍矿物、丁基黄药＋C－125为钴镍矿物捕收剂等工艺实验;实验获得含铜18．32％,铜回收率64．27％的铜精矿;含钴0．577％,含镍1．68％,钴回收率54.35％,镍回收率55．28％的钴精矿。此外,还得到含硫38．68％,硫回收率69．90％的硫精矿。     

Pressure leaching of copper converter slag using dilute sulphuric acid for the extraction of cobalt, nickel and copper values

In our earlier studies [1–4], conditions were optimized for leaching converter slag with ferric chloride/dilute sulphuric acid for the recovery of cobalt, nickel and copper. By using both leachants most of the copper, nickel and cobalt values could be solubilized. Subsequent treatment of the leach liquors for separation and recovery of metals was difficult due to the presence of large quantities of iron in relation to other metal concentrations. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop a process based on pressure leaching of the slag with dilute sulphuric acid in which iron contamination could be minimized by oxidation and hydrolysis. Various parameters including leaching time, pulp density, particle size, concentration of acid and oxygen partial pressure were studied to optimize the solubility of metal values. Under optimum conditions about 90% copper and more than 95% each of nickel and cobalt could be extracted with only 0.8% extraction of iron.     

制酸烧渣综合回收铜钴实验

利用沸腾焙烧得到的硫铁矿制酸烧渣为原料,进行了酸浸、铜萃取、除铁、沉钴、尾渣氰化等综合回收铜钴实验研究。实验结果表明,采用沸腾焙烧—酸浸—萃取—除铁沉钴工艺可得到合格的铁精粉;酸浸铜浸出率为70.08%,钴浸出率为60.07%;铜萃取率93.6%,反萃率93.8%;萃余液除铁率大于99.9%,沉钴率大于98.9%。     

Recovery of metal values from copper converter and smelter slags by ferric chloride leaching

A study of the recovery of copper, nickel and cobalt from copper converter and smelter slags by leaching with ferric chloride is reported. The converter slag from Ghatsila, India contained 4.03% copper, 1.99% nickel and 0.48% cobalt and the smelter slag contained 1.76% copper, 0.23% nickel and 0.19% cobalt. Various parameters including the effect of stirring, leaching time, leaching temperature, concentration of ferric chloride, solid-liquid ratio and particle size, on the extraction of copper, nickel and cobalt have been studied. 92% copper, 28% nickel and 24% cobalt could be extracted from converter slag under optimum conditions, whereas 54% copper, 71% nickel and 44% cobalt could be extracted from smelter slag.     

高冰镍浸出渣冶金过程多金属走向行为探究

高冰镍浸出渣是镍湿法冶金过程的重要中间产物,含有铜、镍、钴和金、银、铂、钯等有价金属,具有重要的综合回收价值。探究高冰镍浸出渣冶金过程多金属的走向行为对于提高金属综合回收率、优化系统物料平衡和推动工艺技术升级具有重要意义。基于新疆阜康冶炼厂高冰镍浸出渣的典型冶金工艺,结合文献调研和工业生产实践,阐释高冰镍浸出渣中主要金属铜、镍、钴、铁和贵金属金、银、铂、钯的迁移走向,揭示各金属形态变化历程,分析各金属在渣相和液相的分配行为,为工艺设计和优化提供支撑。